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Estimation of citrus canker lesion size using hyperspectral reflectance imaging

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 41-51页

作者： Nikhil P.Niphadkar Thomas F.Burks Jianwei Qin mark a.ritenour ATW Automation Inc. DaytonOH 45402USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA U.S.Department of Agriculture BeltsvilleMD 20705USA Department of Horticultural Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34945USA

The Citrus industry has need for effective approaches to remove fruit with canker before they are shipped to selective international market such as the European *** research aims to determine the detectable size limit for cankerous lesions using hyperspectral imaging *** developed multispectral algorithms using visible to near-infrared wavelengths,were used to segregate cankerous citrus fruits from other peel conditions(normal,greasy spot,insect damage,melanose,scab and wind scar).However,this previous work did not consider lesion size.A two-band ratio method with a simple threshold based classifier(ratio of reflectance at wavelengths 834 nm and 729 nm),which gave maximum overall classification accuracy of 95.7%,was selected for lesion size estimation in this *** smallest size of cankerous lesion detected in terms of equivalent diameter was 1.66 *** effect of variation of threshold values and number of erosion cycles(applying morphological erosion multiple times to the image)on estimation of smallest detectable lesion was *** was found that small threshold values gave better canker classification accuracies,while exhibiting a lower overall classification ***,higher threshold values portrayed the opposite *** threshold value of 1.275 gave the optimum tradeoff between canker classification accuracy,overall classification accuracy and minimal lesion size *** the number of erosion cycles reduced detection rates of smaller canker lesions,leading to the conclusion that a single erosion cycle gave the best size estimation *** erosion kernel of the size 3 mm×3 mm was used during the exploration.

关键词： citrus canker lesion size disease detection hyperspectral reflectance imaging image classification multispectral algorithm size detection limit

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使用高光谱反射成像评估柑橘溃疡病变大小

农业工程技术 2016年第15期36卷 80-页

作者： Nikhil P.Niphadkar Thomas F.Burks Jianwei Qin mark a.ritenour 王元杰王应宽 ATW自动化有限公司农业和生物工程系佛罗里达大学美国农业部园艺科学系佛罗里达大学

在运往欧盟等选择性国际市场前,需要有效的措施来去除柑橘中的溃疡果。本研究的目的是使用高光谱图像来确定溃疡病变的检测尺寸限。先前开发了基于近红外-可见光波的多光谱算法来将溃疡柑橘果实从其他果实中(正常的、腻斑病、虫害、黑... 详细信息

在运往欧盟等选择性国际市场前,需要有效的措施来去除柑橘中的溃疡果。本研究的目的是使用高光谱图像来确定溃疡病变的检测尺寸限。先前开发了基于近红外-可见光波的多光谱算法来将溃疡柑橘果实从其他果实中(正常的、腻斑病、虫害、黑病变、痂和风疤)分割出来,然而,这项工作没有考虑到损伤的尺寸。本研究选用带有一个基于阈值的简单分类器的、使最大总体分类精度达到95.7%双波段比值(834 nm和729 nm反射波长的比率)的方法来估计病变大小。检测到的最小的溃疡病变尺寸的当量直径是1.66 mm。观察了阈值的变化和侵蚀环的数量对最小可检测损伤评估的影响(多次运用形态学腐蚀图像),发现最小阈值获得了更好的溃疡分类精度,但总体分类精度较低。同时,阈值越高,趋势相反。1.275阈值在溃疡分类精度、总体分类精度和最小损伤尺寸检测三个方面获得了最优权重。增加侵蚀环的数量减少了小溃疡病变的检出率,因此可以得出结论,一个侵蚀环给能够获得最好的大小估计结果。试验过程中应用的侵蚀内核尺寸为3 mm×3 mm。

关键词：柑橘溃疡病变大小病害检测高光谱反射成像图像分类多光谱算法尺寸检测限

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Use of carnauba based carrier for copper sprays reduces infection by Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citriand Diaporthe citriin Florida commercial grapefruit groves

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 962-970页

作者： Jan Narciso Wilbur Widmer Christopher Ference mark ritenour Ricardo Diaz IFAS IRRC University of Florida Fort Pierce USA PACE International Wenatchee USA USDA/ARS US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce USA

Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a bacterial disease of citrus and results in peel blemishes rendering fresh fruit unsalable. Xcc is most active in warm, wet Florida summers where tissues are infected during periods of active growth. Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is common in citrus producing countries, but, like canker, is only important for fresh market fruit. To control canker and melanose, Florida growers spray trees with copper formulations (Cu), but these sprays are removed by strong rains and intense radiation of Florida summers. A study was undertaken in FL commercial grapefruit groves in 2009 and 2010 to assess the efficiency of a spray combining copper with a specially formulated, hydrating wax (WashGard?) (WG). Using a 21-day spray schedule for the season, fruit were sprayed with WG + Cu, Cu and Control (no spray). Fruit from trees sprayed with WG + Cu had approximately 10 and17% more canker free fruit in 2009 and 2010 respectively compared to trees sprayed with copper alone. Compared to control trees the canker free fruit incidence was increased by ≈10% in 2009 and 57% in 2010. For melanose there was 40% more disease free fruit (treated) over fruit from trees with no treatment in 2009 and approximately 20% more in 2010. Controlling infection with this spray significantly reduces citrus canker and melanose, increasing the percentage of marketable fruit.

关键词： Citrus Canker Melanose Protective Sprays Adjuvant Coatings

Protecting miners from coal bursts during development above historic mine workings in Harlan County,KY

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 111-116页

作者： Christopher mark Mine Safety and Health Administration PittsburghPA 15236USA

In order to reach a large,untapped reserve of high-quality coal,D8 Cloverlick Mine proposed to mine a corridor nearly 600 m deep beneath the Benham Spur of Black Mountain,Kentucky’s highest peak.D8 Cloverlick Mine was extracting the Owl seam,but the corridor’s route lay approximately 20 m above century-old mine workings in the C–(Darby)*** to the concern,three serious coal bursts had recently occurred in nearby Owl seam *** of the old workings seemed to indicate that the underlying C–seam had been fully ***,two of the coal bursts had occurred above areas where the C–Seam was also shown as mined *** Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)Technical Support therefore investigated the records of past mining to better understand the old mine *** conditions observed in current Owl seam workings were also compared with the maps of the old C–seam *** study concluded that the presence of hazardous underlying remnants could not be ruled *** mitigate the burst risk,D8 Cloverlick Mine adopted a strategy of stress probe drilling.A self-propelled coal drill was used to auger 11.5-m-long,small diameter holes in advance of *** each hole was drilled,the cuttings were measured to detect the presence of highly stressed *** the crossing was successfully completed without incident.

关键词： Coal bursts Underground mining Room-and-pillar Destressing

Performance analysis and design of loitering munitions: A comprehensive technical survey of recent developments

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第3期18卷 325-343页

作者： mark Voskuijl Faculty of Military Sciences Netherlands DefenceAcademyDenHelderThe Netherlands

Loitering munitions are increasingly used in armed *** extensive database of loitering munitions is developed based on information available in the public *** database includes dimensions,weights,and performance parameters such as flight endurance and communication *** upon this dataset,6 categories of loitering munitions are identified and statistical trends in the form of equations are provided for each *** statistical trends are supported by aircraft performance theory tailored to loitering munitions ***,the combination of the database,statistical trends and aircraft performance theory can be used to analyse the flight performance and design considerations of new loitering munitions of which only limited non-technical information is available in the public domain such as pictures and news *** on the statistical trends and aircraft performance theory it is concluded that for long range applications,the preferred design solution is the conventional *** cruciform configuration is beneficial in case precision flight path control is of prime *** tandem wing configuration combines the benefits of a canister launch and relatively high aspect ratio wings suitable for long range ***,the delta wing design provides a large internal volume and a high terminal attack *** example case studies are included to illustrate the flight performance capabilities of two types of loitering munitions used in the current conflict in Yemen(a long range conventional design and a delta wing configuration).

关键词： Loitering munition Unmanned aerial vehicle Flight performance Design

An updated empirical model for ground control in *** coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第2期31卷 163-174页

作者： Christopher mark Mine Safety and Health Administration PittsburghPA 15217USA

Multiple seam interactions are a major source of ground instability in several *** methods are well suited for this problem,because while the mechanics multiple seam interactions are very complex and poorly understood,many mining case histories are available for *** study makes use of an updated database that includes 356 multiseam case histories,including 67 unsuccessful *** paper describes in detail the process used to design the study,collect the data,conduct the statistical analysis,and develop the quantitative *** model can be used for mine planning in multiple seam situations,and has been made available as a module within the Analysis of Coal Pillar Stability(ACPS)computer program.

关键词： Underground Coal Multiseam Ground control Pillar design Empirical

Evolution of airports from a network perspective--An analytical concept

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 513-522页

作者： mark Azzam German Aerospace Center -DLR 53227 Bonn Germany

Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network *** order to understand the different roles airports can play in the network an integrated and multidimensional approach is ***,an approach to airport classification through hierarchical clustering considering several parameters from network theory is presented in this *** applying a 29 year record of global flight data and calculating the conditional transition probabilities the results are displayed as an evolution graph similar to a discrete-time markov *** this analytical concept the meaning of airports is analyzed from a network perspective and a new airport taxonomy is *** presented methodology allows tracking the development of airports from certain categories into others over *** show that airports of equal classes run through similar stages of development with a limited number of alternatives,indicating clear evolutionary *** from giving an overview of the results the paper illustrates the exact data-driven approach and suggests an evaluation *** methodology can help the public and industry sector to make informed strategy decisions when it comes to air transportation infrastructure.

关键词： Airport classification Air transportation Cluster analysis Complexity science Network development Network science

Biomimicry and Theory of Structures-Design Methodology Transfer from Trees to Moment Frames

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第4期11卷 638-648页

作者： mark Grigorian MGA Structural Engineering Inc. 111 N. Jackson St. Glendale CA. 91206 USA

Currently, there are only three classical and a handful of emerging design methodologies available to structural engineers worldwide. None of these methodologies can explain the design concepts involved in the realization of natural structures such as trees, nor can they fully address the design needs of contemporary engineering structures. The recently developed Performance Control （PC） incorporates both the essence of the classical concepts and the newer procedures and addresses the observed performance of the structure during its known history of loading, PC attempts to mimic nature by applying the known theories of structures to the design of case-specific frameworks, rather than investigating their results for compliance against prescriptive criteria. Parametric examples have been provided to illustrate the applications of the conceptual design similarities between trees and manmade moment frames. It has been shown that an understanding of the structural performance of trees can enhance the structural design of moment frames, and that bioinspired PC can lead to minimum weight moment frames under lateral loading. The analogous performances of the natural and manmade structures may help explain the structural response of trees to similar loading scenarios.

关键词： performance control biomimetics trees moment frames lateral loading