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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 791-803页

作者： Kimberly A. ROSVALL mark e peterson Indiana University Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior Bloomington IN 47405 USA Viterbo University Departments of Biology and Mathematics La Crosse WI 54601 USA

Social challenges from rival conspecifics are common in the lives of animals, and changes in an animal＇s social environment can influence physiology and behavior in ways that appear to be adaptive in the face of continued social instability （i.e. social priming）. Recently, it has become clear that testosterone, long thought to be the primary mediator of these effects, may not always change in response to social challenges, an observation that highlights gaps in our understanding of the proximate me- chanisms by which animals respond to their social environment. Here, our goal is to address the degree to which testosterone me- diates organismal responses to social cues. To this end, we review the behavioral and physiological consequences of social chal- lenges, as well as their underlying hormonal and gene regulatory mechanisms. We also present a new case study from a wild songbird, the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis, in which we find largely divergent genome-wide transcriptional changes induced by social challenges and testosterone, respectively, in muscle and liver tissue. Our review underscores the diversity of mechani- sms that link the dynamic social environment with an organisms＇ genomic, hormonal, and behavioral state. This diversity among species, and even among tissues within an organism, reveals new insights into the pattern and process by which evolution may alter proximate mechanisms of social priming.

关键词： Social priming Challenge hypothesis Aggression Hormonal mechanism Testosterone Genomics

Analysis of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme activity within the Tipula abdominalis （Diptera： Tipulidae） larval gut and characterization of Crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the Tipula abdominalis larval hindgut

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 291-302页

作者： Theresa e. Rogers Joy Doran-peterson Microbiology Department University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

In forested stream ecosystems of the north and eastern United States, larvae of the aquatic crane fly Tipula abdominalis are important shredders of leaf litter detritus. T. abdominalis larvae harbor a dense and diverse microbial community in their hindgut that may aide in the degradation oflignocellulose. In this study, the activities ofcellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes were demonstrated from hindgut extracts and from bacterial isolates using model sugar substrates. One of the bacterial isolates was further characterized as a member of the family Microbacteriaceae. Taxonomic position of the isolate within this family was determined by a polyphasic approach, as is commonly employed for the separation of genera within the family Microbacteriaceae. The bacterial isolate is Gramtype positive, motile, non-sporulating, and rod-shaped. The G ＋ C content of the DNA is 64.9 mol%. The cell wall contains B2y type peptidoglycan, D- and L-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid, and rhamnose as the predominant sugar. The predominant fatty acids are 12-methyltetradecanoic acid （ai-C15：0） and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid （ai-C17：0）. The isolate forms a distinct lineage within the family Microbacteriaceae, as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. We propose the name Crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate this bacterial isolate. The type species is T202T （ATCC BAA-1359; GenBank Accession DQ826511）.

关键词： cellulolytic hemicellulolytic hindgut

Updates on the relation of weight excess and reproductive function in men： sleep apnea as a new area of interest

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 77-81,176,177页

作者： Ahmad O Hammoud Douglas T Carrell mark Gibson C Matthew peterson A Wayne Meikle Division of Reproductive endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Androiogy and IVF Laboratories Department of Surgery （Urology） and Physiology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA endocrinology/ Diabetes Research Department of Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

Obesity has a negative effect on male reproductive function. It is associated with low testosterone levels and alteration in gonadotropin secretion. Male obesity has been linked to reduced male fertility. Data regarding the relation of obesity to sperm parameters are conflicting in terms of the nature and magnitude of the effect. New areas of interest are emerging that can help explain the variation in study results, such as genetic polymorphism and sleep apnea. Sleep disorders have been linked to altered testosterone production and hypogonadism in men. It was also correlated to erectile dysfunction. The relation of sleep disorders to male fertility and sperm parameters remains to be investigated. Men with hypogonadism and infertility should be screened for sleep apnea. Treatment of obesity and sleep apnea improves testosterone levels and erectile function.

关键词： infertility male infertility reproductive function sleep apnea weight excess

Mechanism of olfactory deficit in neurotrauma and its related affective distress: A narrative review

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第12期11卷 1259-1266页

作者： mark Logan Siddharth Kapoor Luke peterson Martin Oliveira Dong Y Han Department of Neurology UK HealthCareLexingtonKY 40536United States Department of Neurology University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States Department of Psychology University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269United States Department of Neuropsychology Neuro Health of ConnecticutWest HartfordCT 06107United States

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is among the leading causes of death and disability all over the *** is also commonly associated with clinical sequelae of posttraumatic depression,and reports of other subsequent affective distress are ***,posttraumatic changes in chemoreceptive sensory functions,primarily due to coup-contrecoup injury induced shearing of the olfactory nerve fibers,leading to anosmia and ageusia are also well documented in the ***,the current literature is limited in addressing the intersections between said *** aim of this study was to provide a focused narrative review of the literature,to address these intersections found in clinical sequelae of *** chemoreceptive sensory deficits are also linked to significant affective distress of their own,this review addresses the bidirectionality between sensory deficit and affective ***,demographics,mechanisms,and clinical implications are *** research is presented and discussed,in an effort to highlight the importance of consideration for all factors in TBI patient care and future research.

关键词： Brain injuries Brain injuries,traumatic Anosmia Depression Affective symptoms Smell

Association of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels with semen and hormonal parameters

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 855-859页

作者： Ahmad O Hammoud A Wayne Meikle C Matthew peterson Joseph Stanford mark Gibson Douglas T Carrell Division of Reproductive endocrinology and Infertility University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Division of endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and experimental Pathology Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Department of Preventive and Family Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Department of Surgery (Urology) and Physiology Andrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

Vitamin D levels have been linked to various health outcomes including reproductive disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between serum vitamin D level （25-hydroxy-vitamin D, or 250HD） and semen and hormonal parameters. This is a cross-sectional study that included 170 healthy men recruited for the study of spermatogenesis from the general population. Men completed general and reproductive health questionnaires, and donated blood and semen samples. The main measures were hormonal （total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone） and semen parameters, adjusted （n= 147） for age, body mass index （BMI）, season, alcohol intake and smoking, in relation to categories of vitamin D levels, determined apriori. The mean age of the study population was 29.0±8.5 years and mean BMI was 24.3±3.2 kg m-2. The mean 250HD was 34.1± 15.06 ng m1-1. BMI showed a negative association with 250HD. Sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, sperm morphology, and total progressively motile sperm count were lower in men with ‘250HD ≥ 50 ng ml-1＇ when compared to men with‘20 ng ml-1 ≤ 250H D〈 50 ng ml-1,. Total sperm count and total progressive motile sperm count were lower in men with ‘250HD〈20 ng ml-1＇ when compared to men with‘20 ng ml-1≤250HD〈50 ng ml-1＇. The adjusted means of various hormonal parameters did not show statistical difference in the different categories of 250HD. In conclusion, serum vitamin D levels at high and low levels can be negatively associated with semen parameters.

关键词： low semen count obesity semen parameters vitamin D

A new framework for reverse cholesterol transport: Non-biliary contributions to reverse cholesterol transport

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5946-5952页

作者： Ryan e Temel J mark Brown Department of Pathology Section on Lipid SciencesWake Forest University School of Medicine

Reduction of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol through statin therapy has only modestly decreased coronary heart disease (CHD)-associated mortality in developed countries, which has prompted the search for alternative therapeutic strategies for CHD. Major efforts are now focused on therapies that augment high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and ultimately increase the fecal disposal of cholesterol. The process of RCT has long been thought to simply involve HDL-mediated delivery of peripheral cholesterol to the liver for biliary excretion out of the body. However, recent studies have revealed a novel pathway for RCT that does not rely on biliary secretion. This nonbiliary pathway rather involves the direct excretion of cholesterol by the proximal small intestine. Compared to RCT therapies that augment biliary sterol loss, modulation of non-biliary fecal sterol loss through the intestine is a much more attractive therapeutic strategy, given that excessive biliary cholesterol secretion can promote gallstone formation. However, we are at an early stage in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the non-biliary pathway for RCT, and much additional work is required in order to effectively target this pathway for CHD prevention. The purpose of this review is to discuss our current understanding of biliary and nonbiliary contributions to RCT with particular emphasis on the possibility of targeting the intestine as an inducible cholesterol secretory organ.

关键词： Cholesterol Intestine Bile Lipoprotein Reverse cholesterol transport

erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： mark T.Richardson Rasmus e.Benestad Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Institute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to earth's recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun.A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity,and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of“most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.”We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is-7%to+5%,compared with values of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of ***,we cannot test truly“recent”global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015,and two finish in the 1990s,but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar *** solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical *** argue that instead of repeating errors,they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.

关键词： earth (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations Physical Data and Processes

Quantifying cold front induced water transport of a bay with in situ observations using manned and unmanned boats

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 1-7页

作者： WeeKS eddie ROBINSON mark e LI Chunyan Coastal Studies Institute Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University

The generation of high-resolution data is increasingly important in understanding the complexities of coastal ocean and developing sound management strategies, especially in view of the long-term impact of severe weather systems. The impact of severe weather systems, when integrated over time, can be significant when compared with tidal oscillations. This paper presents a study of water transport out of Vermilion Bay in response to a short, intense event associated with a passing atmospheric cold front, and reports the application of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） mounted on an Automated Surface Craft （ASC）, known as the auto-boat or unmanned boat, developed in our lab at the Louisiana State University, to generate high resolution data accurately at a fraction of the cost of a manned boat. In our study, we used a manned boat and an unmanned boat, each for over 24 h to cover an entire diurnal tidal cycle, to measure flow velocity profiles to calculate the total transport. A stationary ADCP was deployed in the Southwest Pass of the Vermilion Bay from May 2009 to April 2012, providing data almost continuously （with only one major gap）, with a 717-day record of water transport between the northern Gulf of Mexico and Vermilion Bay, and demonstrates the importance of the pass in water transport.

关键词： cold fronts unmanned boat Vermillion Bay Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler surveys regression on transport

Discussion of prior-based Bayesian information criterion(PBIC)by ***,James ***,Woncheol Jang,Surajit Ray,Luis ***,and Ingmar Visser

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2019年第1期3卷 32-34页

作者： Ryan A.peterson Joseph e.Cavanaugh Department of Biostatistics University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA

We congratulate the authors on their innovative and illuminating *** paper should not only lead to more refined and defensible applications of the Bayesian information criterion(BIC)through their proposed variants,but... 详细信息

关键词： criterion refined innovative

Dispersal behavior correlates with personality of a North American fish

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh e. RASMUSSeN mark C. BeLK U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The process of dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual （intrinsic） traits and environmental （extrinsic） factors. Although many studies address and quantify dispersal, few evaluate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly. We test the relative importance of intrinsic traits （exploration tendency and size） and extrinsic factors （population density and habitat quality） on dispersal of a medium-sized western United States minnow, southern leatherside chub Lepidomeda aliciae. A generalized linear model with a binomial response was used to determine the probability of individuals dispersing one year after tagging. Medium-sized individuals that were more prone to explore novel environments were 10.7 times more likely to be recaptured outside of their original capture area after a year （dispersal） compared to non-explorer individuals of the same size class. Differences be- tween explorer classifications within the small and large size classes were negligible. Open habitat within 50 m upstream also in- creased the probability of dispersal relative to controls. Relative location within the study reach, and population density were not significantly related to dispersal probabilities of individuals. Our results indicate that understanding of personality may illuminate patterns of dispersal within and among populations

关键词： Temperament Behavioral phenotype exploration Lepidomeda Personality-dependent