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Feature extraction for machine learning-based intrusion detection in IoT networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 205-216页

作者： Mohanad Sarhan Siamak Layeghy Nour Moustafa Marcus Gallagher marius Portmann University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072Australia University of New South Wales CanberraACT2612Australia

A large number of network security breaches in IoT networks have demonstrated the unreliability of current Network Intrusion Detection Systems(NIDSs).Consequently,network interruptions and loss of sensitive data have occurred,which led to an active research area for improving NIDS *** an analysis of related works,it was observed that most researchers aim to obtain better classification results by using a set of untried combinations of Feature Reduction(FR)and Machine Learning(ML)techniques on NIDS ***,these datasets are different in feature sets,attack types,and network ***,this paper aims to discover whether these techniques can be generalised across various *** ML models are utilised:a Deep Feed Forward(DFF),Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),Decision Tree(DT),Logistic Regression(LR),and Naive Bayes(NB).The accuracy of three Feature Extraction(FE)algorithms is detected;Principal Component Analysis(PCA),Auto-encoder(AE),and Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),are evaluated using three benchmark datasets:UNSW-NB15,ToN-IoT and *** PCA and AE algorithms have been widely used,the determination of their optimal number of extracted dimensions has been *** results indicate that no clear FE method or ML model can achieve the best scores for all *** optimal number of extracted dimensions has been identified for each dataset,and LDA degrades the performance of the ML models on two *** variance is used to analyse the extracted dimensions of LDA and ***,this paper concludes that the choice of datasets significantly alters the performance of the applied *** believe that a universal(benchmark)feature set is needed to facilitate further advancement and progress of research in this field.

关键词： Feature extraction Machine learning Network intrusion detection system IoT

Magnetopause properties at the dusk magnetospheric flank from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations,the kinetic Vlasov equilibrium,and in situ observations--Potential implications for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 222-233页

作者： marius Echim Costel Munteanu Gabriel Voitcu Eliza Teodorescu Institute of Space Science Măgurele 077125Romania Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy 1180 BrusselsBelgium Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence(STCE) 1180 BrusselsBelgium

We derived the properties of the terrestrial magnetopause(MP)from two modeling approaches,one global–fluid,the other local–kinetic,and compared the results with data collected in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale 2(MMS2)*** used global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere(publicly available from the NASA-CCMC[National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Community Coordinated Modeling Center])and local Vlasov equilibrium models(based on kinetic models for tangential discontinuities)to extract spatial profiles of the plasma and field variables at the Earth’s *** global MHD simulations used initial solar wind conditions extracted from the OMNI database at the time epoch when the MMS2 observes the *** kinetic Vlasov model used asymptotic boundary conditions derived from the same in situ MMS measurements upstream or downstream of the *** global MHD simulations provide a three-dimensional image of the magnetosphere at the time when the MMS2 crosses the *** Vlasov model provides a one-dimensional local view of the MP derived from first principles of kinetic *** MMS2 experimental data also serve as a reference for comparing and validating the numerical simulations and *** found that the MP transition layer formed in global MHD simulations was generally localized closer to the Earth(roughly by one Earth radius)from the position of the real MP observed by the *** also found that the global MHD simulations overestimated the thickness of the MP transition by one order of magnitude for three analyzed variables:magnetic field,density,and tangential *** MP thickness derived from the local Vlasov equilibrium was consistent with observations for all three of these *** overestimation of density in the Vlasov equilibrium was reduced compared with the global MHD *** discuss our results in the context of future SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)campaigns for observing

关键词： magnetopause magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations Vlasov equilibrium Magnetospheric Multiscale observations

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How to fill the biodiversity data gap:Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation?

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas marius Bottin Tiina Sarkinen James E.Richardson Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Adriana Sanchez Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subdireccion Científica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Independent Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia Tropical Diversity Section Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Departamento de Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

Data gaps and biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biodiversity information and downstream *** how best to fill existing gaps and account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most *** current main approaches for obtaining and improving data include(1)curation of biological collections,and(2)***,the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biodiversity data remains little *** used the Flora de Bogota project to study the magnitude of change in species richness,spatial coverage,and sample coverage of plant records based on curation versus *** process of curation resulted in a decrease in species richness(synonym and error removal),but it significantly increased the number of records per *** contributed to a slight increase in species richness,via accumulation of new ***,curation led to increases in spatial coverage,species observed by locality,the number of plant records by species,and localities by species compared to ***,curationwas more efficient in producing new information compared to fieldwork,mainly because of the large number of records available in *** recommend intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biodiversity data quality and quantity,to identify bias and gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted with *** stepwise strategy would enable fieldwork to be planned more costeffectively given the limited resources for biodiversity exploration and characterization.

关键词： Colombia Flora de Bogota Sample coverage Species richness Tropical Andes

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The Link between Psychomotor Disorders and Physical Therapy

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2024年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Ramona Delia Arsani marius Stoica National University of Physical Education and Sports Bucharest Romania

The evolution of the individual in ontogenesis has been studied throughout life and on all sides of development. Studies in the field based on medical rehability performed by a full team such as doctors, physiotherapists and psychologists and not only have shown that the link between the patient’s psychological state and exercise are factors in full dependence and any imbalance can trigger irreparable effects. Psychology is the science that studies the laws of formation, development, functioning and deficiencies related to psychism;it includes a series of fundamental concepts that include: psychic processes, psychic phenomena, psychic attributes, psychic states or psychic activities. Psychic phenomena are the component elements of psychism. In a sense, the psychic phenomena are manifested by external facts, by our behavior, by the motor actions started, by gestures or verbal actions;in the other sense, psychic phenomena are manifested by inner deeds, as the form of ideas, images, feelings, and desires. The motor acts without psychism would be only simple automatisms, without human specifications of adaptation, while the psychism without motor acts would be deprived of the fundamentals of formation and functioning as well as of its production mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study is to highlight the causal problems of delayed medical recovery in relation to the psychological and emotional factors. This desktop review aims to identify psychoemotional disorders in the case of subjects with operated lumbar disc herniation and aims to adapt a specialized physiotherapeutic protocol by adapting to CIF. The result of this study will be found in the percentage of socio-professional reintegration of the subjects with operated lumbar disc herniation and implicitly the increase in the quality of life. Conclusions: 1) For an effective functional recovery, a psycho-emotional balance is needed;2) A positive attitude actively influences medical rehabilitation;3) Regain

关键词： Hyperkinesia Hypokinesia Tics Body Schema Disorders Apraxia

Microscopic growth mechanism and edge states of monolayer 1T'-MoTe2

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 474-480页

作者：赵海鹏刘隐杨胜国林陈昉陈明星 Kai braun 罗心仪李思宇潘安练王笑 Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province School of Physics and ElectronicsCollege of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Centre for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA) Hunan Normal University State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+ University of Tübingen

Transition metal ditellurides（TMTDs） have versatile physical properties,including non-trivial topology,Weyl semimetal states and unique spin *** growth of high-quality and large-scale monolayer TMTDs with preferred crystal phases is crucial for their ***,we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of 1T'-MoTe2on Au（111）and graphitized silicon carbide（Gr/SiC） by molecular beam epitaxy（MBE）.We investigate the morphology of the grown1T'-MoTe2at the atomic level by scanning tunnelling microscopy（STM） and reveal the corresponding microscopic growth *** is found that the unique ordered Te structures preferentially deposited on Au（111） regulate the growth of monolayer single crystal 1T'-MoTe2,while the Mo clusters were preferentially deposited on the Gr/SiC substrate,which impedes the ordered growth of monolayer *** confirm that the size of single crystal 1T'-MoTe2grown on Au（111）is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that on Gr/*** scanning tunnelling spectroscopy（STS）,we observe that the STS spectrum of the monolayer 1T'-MoTe2nano-island at the edge is different from that at the interior,which exhibits enhanced conductivity.

关键词： 1T′-MoTe2 microscopic growth mechanism scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) transition metal ditellurides

Data-driven analysis of chemicals,proteins and pathways associated with peanut allergy:from molecular networking to biological interpretation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1322-1335页

作者： Emmanuel Kemmler Julian braun Florent Fauchère Sabine Dölle-Bierke Kirsten Beyer Robert Preissner Margitta Worm Priyanka Banerjee Institute for Physiology Charité-University Medicine BerlinBerlin 10115Germany Member of the KFO339 FOOD@Berlin 10115Germany Si-M/“Der Simulierte Mensch”a science framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin 10115Germany Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin 10115Germany Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of DermatologyVenerology and AllergyCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin 10115Germany Pediatrics Campus VirchowCharité-University Medicine BerlinBerlin 10115Germany

Peanut allergy is majorly related to severe food induced allergic *** food including cow's milk,hen's eggs,soy,wheat,peanuts,tree nuts(walnuts,hazelnuts,almonds,cashews,pecans and pistachios),fish and shellfish are responsible for more than 90%of food ***,we provide promising insights using a large-scale data-driven analysis,comparing the mechanistic feature and biological relevance of different ingredients presents in peanuts,tree nuts(walnuts,almonds,cashews,pecans and pistachios)and ***,we have analysed the chemical compositions of peanuts in different processed form raw,boiled and *** the data-driven approach we are able to generate new hypotheses to explain why nuclear receptors like the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)and its isoform and their interaction with dietary lipids may have significant effect on allergic *** results obtained from this study will direct future experimeantal and clinical studies to understand the role of dietary lipids and PPARisoforms to exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions on cells of the innate immunity and influence antigen presentation to the cells of the adaptive immunity.

关键词： Allergy informatics Knowledge-graph Data analysis Food allergy Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Fatty acids

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Case Report: Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPT II) Deficiency

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 93-101页

作者： Kathy Po marius Chivu Edwin Rosas Balpreet Kaur Department of Internal Medicine Saint James School of Medicine The Quarter Anguilla Department of Internal Medicine Medicine at University of Chicago Chicago USA Department of Internal Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Wisconsin USA

Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of CPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the CPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) CPTII polymorphism (F352C), which is linked to reducing the activity of CPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the CPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of CPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (C12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of CPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of CPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have CPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.

关键词： Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) Mitochondria Long Chain Fatty Acid Medium Chain Fatty Acid Carnitine Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I (CPTI) Acyl-Carnitine Beta-Oxidation Rhabdomyolysis Myoglobinuria Renal Failure Hypoketotic Hypoglycemia

High association strengths are linked to phenotypic similarity,including plumage color and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird flocks of southwestern China

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： Liping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward L.braun Rebecca T.Kimball Yang Liu Scott K.Robinson Eben Goodale Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Health and Environmental Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird flocks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are similar in body size,diet,and evolutionary history,suggesting that facilitation structures these *** addition,several studies have suggested that species in MsFs resemble each other in their plumage,but this question has not been systematically investigated for any MsF *** the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampled 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,*** performed social network analysis and the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to evaluate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overall plumage color,distinctive plumage patterns,and diet)and evolutionary history on species association strength at the whole-MSF and within-MSF *** 41 significant relationships showed that species with stronger associations were more similar in their various *** size had the strongest effect on association strength,followed by phylogeny,plumage patterns,and plumage color;diet had the weakest *** results are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypically similar species outweigh the potential costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in plumage characteristics,albeit more weakly than in other *** explanations exist as to why similarities in plumage may occur in MSFs,including that they could reduce predators'ability to target phenotypically"odd"*** trait matching in plumage occurs through assortative processes in ecological time or is influenced by co-evolution requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evolution interaction networks mixed-species animal groups phenotypic similarity trait convergence

Effect of the Implementation of Emonc in the Reduction of Maternal Deaths in the Department of Collines from 2018 to 2022

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 259-266页

作者： Joachim Aifa Florence Abraham Roger Klikpezo Edgard-marius Ouendo Badirou Aguemon Faculty of Health Sciences of Cotonou Department of Public Health Cotonou Benin Nursing and Midwifery Training Institute University of Parakou Parakou Benin Assistant in Gynecology-Obstetrics FM-University of Parakou Parakou Benin Full Professor of Public Health and Epidemiology Ouidah Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin Full Professor of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences of Cotonou Cotonou Benin

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in Benin. Each year, approximately 1500 maternal deaths and more than 12,000 newborn deaths are recorded there. In order to correct the situation, strategies such as the implementation of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) were initiated. Objective: Determine the rates of maternal deaths in EmONC centers in the Collines department from 2018 to 2022. Framework and Methods: The study took place in Benin precisely in the Collines department. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out during the first two weeks of January 2023 and covered data from the 09 Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care centers (BEMONC) and the Obstetric and Neonatal Care centers of Complete Emergency (CEmONC) of the Collines department from 2018 to 2022. An estimate of the ratios of maternal deaths occurring at the level of the EmONC centers of the Collines department from 2018-2022 was carried out followed by constructive suggestions. Results: During the five years (2018 to 2022), the Collines department recorded 42,582 live births with 148 maternal deaths, i.e. a ratio of 348 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Between 2018 and 2022, the highest maternal death ratio was recorded in 2019, i.e. 425 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for all EmONC centers and 607 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in EmONC centers. The highest maternal death ratio at the BEmONC center level was recorded in 2020, i.e. 129 maternal deaths per 100,000 births. Conclusion: These results suggest that despite the implementation of EmONC in the Collines department, maternal deaths have not decreased. To improve these outcomes for a reduction in maternal deaths, urgent action must be taken.

关键词： Effect BEmONC CEmONC Maternal deaths Department of Collines