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First report on Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Stage 4) at the stratotype area of Wulongqing Formation in Malong County, Eastern Yunnan, China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1459-1476页

作者： Feiyang Chen Zhifei Zhang marissa j. betts Zhiliang Zhang Fan Liu State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and EnvironmentsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Division of Earth Sciences School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian ***,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils *** Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and *** date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential *** we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype *** retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of *** addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after *** discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaoj.ang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaoj.ang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan.

关键词： Guanshan Biota Early Cambrian Xiaoj.ang Fault Eastern Yunnan Palaeoenvironment Palaeogeography

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MULTI-USE RAIN GARDENS:BEST PRACTICE CASE STUDIES OF THE FINANCIALLY CHALLENGED AND CREATIVELY RICH

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j.urnal of Green Building 2015年第4期10卷 1-27页

作者： Sarah betts Bowling Green State University

INTRODUCTION Multiuse trails have been a prominent feature of park lands for many ***,multiuse rain gardens may become a prominent feature of many *** gardens have traditionally been used for catchment,retention,and filtration of impervious surface storm water *** can’t they be used for more?County park districts and other agencies across Ohio(and elsewhere)are being pushed more and more toward finding inexpensive creative multi-solutions to issues as a result of limited *** Gardens,bio-swales,butterfly gardens,nature education,natural play,and natural habitat creation all go hand-in-hand…naturally.

关键词： nature education wildlife monitoring habitat creation and enhancement wetland and prairie habitat creation impervious surface water detention and filtration rain barrel roof runoff catchment

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Analysis of Transcriptome Changes Induced by Ptr ToxA in Wheat Provides Insights into the Mechanisms of Plant Susceptibility

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1067-1083页

作者： Iovanna Pandelova Melania F. betts Viola A. Manning Larry j. Wilhelm Todd C. Mockler Lynda M. Ciuffetti Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA

To obtain greater insight into the molecular events underlying plant disease susceptibility, we studied transcriptome changes induced by a host-selective toxin of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Ptr ToxA （ToxA）, on its host plant, wheat. Transcriptional profiling of ToxA-treated leaves of a ToxA-sensitive wheat cultivar was performed using the GeneChip Wheat Genome Array. An improved and up-to-date annotation of the wheat microarray was generated and a new tool for array data analysis （BRAT） was developed, and both are available for public use via a web-based interface. Our data indicate that massive transcriptional reprogramming occurs due to ToxA treatment, including cellular responses typically associated with defense. In addition, this study supports previous results indicating that ToxA-induced cell death is triggered by impairment of the photosynthetic machinery and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Based on results of this study, we propose that ToxA acts as both an elicitor and a virulence factor.

关键词： Gene expression transcriptome analysis defense responses fungal pathogenesis plant-microbe interactions host-selective toxin.

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Safe acupuncture and dry needling during pregnancy:New Zealand physiotherapists' opinion and practice

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j.urnal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 30-37页

作者： j.llian Marie McDowell Susan Heather Kohut Debra betts Prohealth Physiotherapy School of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Auckland University of Technology New Zealand School of Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Obj.ctive: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early *** recent research demonstrating that acupuncture is a useful and safe treatment tool for pregnancy-related low-back pain(LBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP), it is postulated that fear of miscarriage and subsequent blame by association, restricts its provision. More recently, an increase in dry needling(DN) courses for physiotherapists has potentiated the rapid growth in DN practice in New Zealand(NZ). Many dry needlers do not consider DN to be a form of acupuncture; it is unknown if they have similar safety ***: NZ registered physiotherapists practicing acupuncture and/or DN were invited to participate in an electronic survey to examine their practice and level of understanding in regard to safe needling during ***: Of 124 respondents, only 60(48%) would needle pregnant women, with a further 66% of those still expressing safety concerns. NZ physiotherapists practicing DN only, were more likely to needle areas related to ‘‘forbidden" points in all trimesters. However, overall, NZ physiotherapists were less likely to needle ‘‘forbidden" points than their UK ***: Conflicting literature and a ‘‘fear of blame" influences NZ physiotherapists' decisions to offer needling(both acupuncture and DN) during pregnancy. Further training in this field is recommended to ensure safe practice and adequate provision of acupuncture treatment options for pregnant women suffering musculoskeletal pain, such as LBP and PGP. Further research, particularly into DN, for women during pregnancy, is warranted.

关键词： Physiotherapy Acupuncture Dry needling Safety Pregnancy Trigger point therapy

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Solving the Unbalanced Assignment Problem: Simpler Is Better

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American j.urnal of Operations Research 2016年第4期6卷 296-299页

作者： Nathan betts Francis j. Vasko Department of Mathematics Kutztown University Kutztown PA USA

Recently, Yadaiah and Haragopal published in the American j.urnal of Operations Research a new approach to solving the unbalanced assignment problem. They also provide a numerical example which they solve with their approach and get a cost of 1550 which they claim is optimum. This approach might be of interest;however, their approach does not guarantee the optimal solution. In this short paper, we will show that solving this same example from the Yadaiah and Haragopal paper by using a simple textbook formulation to balance the problem and then solve it with the classic Hungarian method of Kuhn yields the true optimal solution with a cost of 1520.

关键词： Assignment Problem Hungarian Method Textbook Formulation

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REDUCING ROAD SALT APPLICATION BY CONSIDERING WINTER MAINTENANCE NEEDS IN PARKING LOT DESIGN

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j.urnal of Green Building 2017年第2期12卷 1-12页

作者： David Lembcke Bill Thompson Kaitlyn Read Andrew betts Dilan Singaraj. Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority NewmarketOntarioCanada GHD NewmarketOntarioCanada

INTRODUCTION Winter snow and ice can have a significant impact on our mobility,whether on foot or by *** plowing,arguably the greatest tool in combating snow and ice is *** most commonly used salt for winter maintenance is Sodium Chloride(NaCl),the same salt used in food and water softeners,is applied to roads,sidewalks,and parking lots as it is an effective deicer when temperatures are between 0℃ and-12℃.Studies have shown that deicing with salt reduces accidents by 88%and inj.ries by 85%(Salt Institute 2017).The effectiveness of road salt,as well as its relative affordability,means that as much as four million tonnes may be applied annually in Canada for deicing(Environment Canada 2012).However,while salt is relatively inexpensive to purchase,there are a number of external costs that are becoming increasingly *** include corrosion of vehicles and infrastructure like concrete,bridges,and water mains;damage and staining to the interior and exterior of buildings;impacts to roadside vegetation and soils;and the contamination of fresh *** fact,the environmental impacts are such that it prompted Environment Canada to propose that winter salt be considered a toxic substance primarily due to the quantity that is applied annually(Environment Canada 2001).The Lake Simcoe watershed,approximately 3,400km2 in size,is situated j.st 20km north of Toronto,Ontario,with the southern portion of the watershed being considered part of the Greater Toronto Area(GTA),the most populous metropolitan area in *** part of the GTA,the Lake Simcoe watershed has experienced and continues to experience considerable growth,and with this growth comes an increase in the amount of impervious surfaces requiring winter ***,chloride has been showing a strong increasing trend in the urban creeks and in Lake Simcoe itself over the last 30 *** rural creeks are showing an increasing trend,albeit not as severe,nor are the concentrations of chloride reac

关键词： Figure utilize bridges

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Geodynamics of oceanic plateau and plume head accretion and their role in Phanerozoic orogenic systems of China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第1期6卷 49-59页

作者： Peter G.betts Louis Moresi Meghan S.Miller David Willis School of Earth Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityClayton Campus School of Mathematical Sciences Monash UniversityClayton Campus Department of Earth Sciences University of Melbourne Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

We present three 3D numerical models of deep subduction where buoyant material from an oceanic plateau and a plume interact with the overriding plate to assess the influence on subduction dynamics, trench geometry, and mechanisms for plateau accretion and continental growth. Transient instabilities of the convergent margin are produced, resulting in： contorted trench geometry; trench migration parallel with the plate margin; folding of the subducting slab and orocline development at the convergent margin; and transfer of the plateau to the overriding plate. The presence of plume material beneath the oceanic plateau causes fiat subduction above the plume, resulting in a ＂bowed＂ shaped subducting slab. In plateau-only models, plateau accretion at the edge of the overriding plate results in trench migration around the edge of the plateau before subduction is re-established directly behind the trailing edge of the plateau. The plateau shortens and some plateau material subducts. The presence of buoyant plume material beneath the oceanic plateau has a profound influence on the behaviour of the convergent margin. In the plateau ~ plume model, plateau accretion causes rapid trench advance. Plate convergence is accommodated by shearing at the base of the plateau and shortening in the overriding plate. The trench migrates around the edge of the plateau and subduction is re-established well behind the trailing edge of the plateau, effectively embedding the plateau into the overriding plate. A slab window forms beneath the accreted plateau and plume material is transferred from the subducting plate to the over- riding plate through the window. In all of the models, the subduction zone maintains a relatively stable configuration away from the buoyancy anomalies within the downgoing plate. The models provide a dynamic context for plateau and plume accretion in Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic systems such as the East China Orogen and the Central Asian Orogen （Altiads）, which ar

关键词： Subduction Accretion Plateau Plume Central Asian Orogen Geodynamics

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Changes in productivity and carbon storage of grasslands in china under future global warming scenarios of 1.5℃ and 2℃

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 804-814页

作者： Zhaoqi Wang j.nfeng Chang Shushi Peng Shilong Piao Philippe Ciais Richard betts Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44PSUK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK

Aims the impacts of future global warming of 1.5℃ and 2℃ on the productivity and carbon(c)storage of grasslands in china are not clear yet,although grasslands in china support~45 million agricultural populations and more than 238 million livestock populations,and are sensitive to global *** this study used a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model named ORcHIDEE to simulate c cycle of alpine meadows and temperate grasslands in *** model was driven by high-resolution(0.5°×0.5°)climate of global specific warming levels(SWL)of 1.5℃ and 2℃(warmer than pre-industrial level),which is downscaled by Ec-EARtH3-HR v3.1 with sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration as boundary conditions from IPSL-cM5-LR(low spatial resolution,2.5°×1.5°)Earth system model(ESM).Important Findingscompared with baseline(1971-2005),the mean annual air temperature over chinese grasslands increased by 2.5℃ and 3.7℃ under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** increase in temperature in the alpine meadow was higher than that in the temperate grassland under both SWL1.5 and *** was also shown an increasing trend under SWL2 over most of the chinese *** increases in gross primary productivity(GPP)were simulated in the chinese grasslands,and the mean annual GPP(GPP_(MA))increased by 19.32%and 43.62%under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** c storage increased by 0.64 Pg c and 1.37 Pg c under SWL1.5 and SWL2 for 50 years *** GPP_(MA) was 0.67_(0.39)^(0.88)(0.82)(model mean_(min) ^(max) (this study)),0.85_(0.45)^(1.24)(0.97)and 0.94_(0.61)^(1.30)(1.17)Pg C year^(−1) under baseline,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by four cMIP5 ESMs(phase 5 of the coupled Model Inter-comparison Proj.ct Earth System Models).In contrast,the mean annual net biome productivity was−18.55_(−40.37)^(4.47)(−3.61),18.65_(−2.03)^(64.03)(10.29)and 24.15_(8.38)^(38.77)(24.93)Tg C year^(−1) under base-line,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by the four cMIP5 *** results indicated that the c

关键词： productivity carbon storage specific warming level grassland climate change

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An Insight Into the Promise and Problems of Combining Life History and Grounded Theory Research

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Chinese Business Review 2013年第2期12卷 84-92页

作者： Bronwyn betts Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK

This paper describes the research carried out in partial fulfilment of the degree of doctor of education. The study was qualitative in nature with a phenomenological interpretive paradigm dominating the philosophical approach. The research methods adopted combined life story and grounded theory. As far as the author has been able to determine there are very few, if any studies which have applied this approach specifically to this area of research which investigated the influence life history has on attitude to lifelong learning. Twenty five respondents were interviewed in face-to-face informal interviews. The main aim was to elicit the respondent＇s subj.ctive interpretation of the interaction between school, family, work, and learning within their lives. The researcher was then able to identify when they occurred and what or who made them particularly meaningful. This paper describes how initial decisions were made regarding the substantive area for the research. Sampling technique and method for collecting the data is discussed and a worked example is given of how the data was analysed. It is intended that this paper will give an insight into the challenge of combining these two much debated methods of research. The empirical data lead to some interesting findings which educators and policy makers will find helpful in order to strengthen the school, college, and workplace interface.

关键词： life history grounded theory methodology family school leaming

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荧光方法直接测定一氧化氮

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生物化学与生物物理进展 1999年第3期26卷 273-276页

作者：田亚平沈文梅 W.H.betts 中国人民解放军总医院生化科

根据２，３二氨基萘（２，３ｄｉａｍｉｎｏｎａｐｈｔｈａｌｅｎｅ，ＤＡＮ）可与一氧化氮（·ＮＯ）反应生成荧光性２，３萘酚三唑（２，３ｎａｐｈｔｈｏｔｒｉａｚｏｌｅ，ＮＡＴ）和·ＮＯ的气体特性，设计了一个流动气体... 详细信息

根据２，３二氨基萘（２，３ｄｉａｍｉｎｏｎａｐｈｔｈａｌｅｎｅ，ＤＡＮ）可与一氧化氮（·ＮＯ）反应生成荧光性２，３萘酚三唑（２，３ｎａｐｈｔｈｏｔｒｉａｚｏｌｅ，ＮＡＴ）和·ＮＯ的气体特性，设计了一个流动气体和荧光方法相结合的·ＮＯ直接测定方法．此法以惰性气体氮气为流动气体使样品中的待测·ＮＯ随流动气体进入测定溶液，溶液中的ＤＡＮ捕集流动气体中的·ＮＯ生成荧光性ＮＡＴ．实验结果表明测定溶液的荧光强度与·ＮＯ浓度呈正比，与酸化亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度亦呈良好线性关系．用此方法测得五份酸化正常人血浆的·ＮＯ浓度为（３１０４±４７０）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。

关键词：一氧化氮荧光 2.3-二氨基萘流动气体

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