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Photorespiration Is Crucial for Dynamic Response of Photosynthetic Metabolism and Stomatal Movement to Altered C02 Availability

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 47-61页

作者： marion eisenhut Andrea Brautigam Stefan Timm Alexandra Florian Takayuki Tohge Alisdair R. Fernie Hermann Bauwe Andreas P.M. Weber Institute of Plant Biochemistry Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences Heinrich Heine University 40225 Dusseldorf Germany Department of Plant Physiology University of Rostock Albert-Einstein-StraBe 3 18051 Rostock Germany Department of Molecular Physiology Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Present address: IPK Gatersleben Network Analysis and Modeling Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Seeland Germany

The photorespiratory pathway or photorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic or- ganisms, which can reduce the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and is hence frequently considered as a wasteful process. By comparing the response of the wild-type plants and mutants impaired in photorespiration to a shift in ambient C02 concentrations, we demonstrate that photorespiration also plays a beneficial role during short-term acclimation to reduced C02 availability. The wild-type plants re- sponded with few differentially expressed genes, mostly involved in drought stress, which is likely a conse- quence of enhanced opening of stomata and concomitant water loss upon a shift toward low C02. In contrast, mutants with impaired activity of photorespiratory enzymes were highly stressed and not able to adjust stomatal conductance to reduced external C02 availability. The transcriptional response of mutant plants was congruent, indicating a general reprogramming to deal with the consequences of reduced C02 availability, signaled by enhanced oxygenation of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate and amplified by the artificially impaired photorespiratory metabolism. Central in this reprogramming was the pro- nounced reallocation of resources from growth processes to stress responses. Taken together, our results indicate that unrestricted photorespiratory metabolism is a prerequisite for rapid physiological acclimation to a reduction in C02 availability.

关键词： photorespiration starvation stress stomata transcription Arabidopsis thaliana

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The Plastid Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER1 Is Essential for Manganese Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第7期11卷 955-969页

作者： marion eisenhut Natalie Hoecker Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt Rubek Merina Basgaran Samantha Flachbart Peter Jahns Tabea Eser Stefan Geimer Seren Husted Andreas P.M. Weber Dario Leister Anja Schneider Biochemie der Pflanzen Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS) Heinrich-Heine-University Di3sseldorf 40225 Desseldorf Germany Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik) Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-University Mernchen 82152 Martinsried Germany Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre (CPSC) Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie NW I/B1 Universit&t Bayreuth 95447 Bayreuth Germany These authors contributed equally to this article.

The transition metal manganese （Mn） is indispensable for photoautotrophic growth since photosystem II （PSII） employs an inorganic Mn4CaOs cluster for water splitting. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis membrane protein CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER1 （CMT1） is involved in chloroplast Mn homeostasis. CMT1 is the closest homolog of the previously characterized thylakoid Mn transporter PHOTOSYNTHESIS-AFFECTED MUTANT71 （PAM71）. In contrast to PAM71, CMT1 resides at the chloro- plast envelope and is ubiquitously expressed. Nonetheless, like PAM71, the expression of CMT1 can also alleviate the Mn-sensitive phenotype of yeast mutant qomrl. The cmtl mutant is severely suppressed in growth, chloroplast ultrastructure, and PSII activity owing to a decrease in the amounts of pigments and thylakoid membrane proteins. The importance of CMT1 for chloroplast Mn homeostasis is demonstratedby the significant reduction in chloroplast Mn concentrations in cmtl-1, which exhibited reduced Mn binding in PSII complexes. Moreover, CMT1 expression is downregulated in Mn-surplus conditions. The pam71 cmtl-ldouble mutant resembles the cmtl-f single mutant rather than pare71 in most respects. Taken together, our results suggest that CMT1 mediates Mn2 uptake into the chloroplast stroma, and that CMT1 and PAM71 function sequentially in Mn delivery to PSII across the chloroplast envelope and the thylakoid membrane.

关键词： manganese transporter envelope chloroplast photosynthesis Arabidopsis

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Should dopamine be the first line inotrope in the treatment of neonatal hypotension? Review of the evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2016年第2期5卷 212-222页

作者： Sadaf I Bhayat Harsha MS Gowda Michael eisenhut Neonatal and Paediatric Department Luton and Dunstable NHS Foundation Trust

AIM: To determine if dopamine is effective in treating neonatal hypotension and safe to use comparing to other inotropes. METHODS: This is a review of evidence on inotropic treatment of neonatal hypotension. Databases searched were MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library, a total of 134 studies were identified. Only studies with high quality evidence(level 1a and b and 2a) were included. After review, only eight studies were included in the final analysis. Pooled risk ratios derived for each outcome [Mantel-Haenzel(M-H) fixed effect] with CI, as reported in the Cochrane reviews were plotted in forest plot form. RESULTS: Eight articles met inclusion criteria, which all included treatment in preterm infants. Dopamine increased mean arterial blood pressure(BP)(n = 163; r = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.76 to 0.94) and systolic BP(n = 142; r = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.42 to 0.94) comparing to placebo. Dopamine has been shown overall to be statistically more effective in increasing BP than dobutamine(n = 251, r = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.20-0.32). However there were no differences in short term outcomes(periventricular leucomalacia, periventricular haemorrhage) and mortality between both drugs. There is no statistical evidence of dopamine being more effective than adrenaline or corticosteroids. There was no difference in morbidity and mortality outcomes when dopamine was compared to hydrocortisone(RR 1.81, 95%CI: 0.18 to 18.39) or adrenaline. CONCLUSION: In preterms, dopamine is the most studied drug, and we suggest it could be used as first line treatment in hypotension.

关键词： Hypotension Preterm Inotrope Dopamine Dobutamine Adrenaline/epinephrine Corticosteroids

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指南结核病的诊断、治疗及防控：最新NICE指南概要

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英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第6期19卷 349-355页

作者： Lucy Elizabeth Hoppe Rachel Kettle Michael eisenhut Ibrahim Abubakar 闫丽萍沙巍 National Institute forHealth and CareExcellence LondonSWIA 2BU UK National Institute forHealth and CareExcellence Manchester MI 4BT Lnton & DunstableUniversity HospitalNHS FoundationTrust Luton Bedford LU4 0DZ MRC Clinical TrialsUnit at UCL andCentre for InfectiousDiseaseEpidemiology University CollegeLondon LondonWC1E 6BT 同济大学附属上海市肺科医院结核瘌临床研究中心上海市结核病(肺)重点实验室

与其他西欧国家相比，英国的结核病疫情仍较严峻。结核病最易发生在得不到充分社会保障的群体，如流浪汉、居住条件差的或贫困人群、吸毒人群及来自于结核病高发国家的人群。然而很多病例是可以通过公共卫生措施进行预防的。

关键词：结核病诊断管理摘要控制预防

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MR成像与眼底镜检查对视网膜母细胞瘤分期的诊断价值比较

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第4期 390-391页

作者： A. Khurana C.A. eisenhut W. Wan K.B. Ebrahimi C. Patel J.M. O 'Brien 刘学焕 Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Section Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford UniversityStanford CA USA

目的比较MR成像与眼底镜检查对视网膜母细胞瘤分期的诊断价值。方法经机构审查委员会批准,回顾性评估36例接受眼球摘除术病人的MR及眼底镜影像。以组织病理学作为参考标准,比较两种诊断方法对于生长方式、虹膜新生血管、视网膜脱落、玻... 详细信息

目的比较MR成像与眼底镜检查对视网膜母细胞瘤分期的诊断价值。方法经机构审查委员会批准,回顾性评估36例接受眼球摘除术病人的MR及眼底镜影像。以组织病理学作为参考标准,比较两种诊断方法对于生长方式、虹膜新生血管、视网膜脱落、玻璃体种植及视神经侵犯的敏感性和特异性。通过McNemar’s检验对数据进行分析。结果两种方法检测不同的肿瘤生长方式的准确度差异无统计学意义（P=0.80）。眼底镜对于玻璃体种植的检出优于MRI（P<0.001）。对于巩膜筛板前视神经受累,MR成像与眼底镜检查敏感度相似,但特异度增加[40%（CI:0.12～0.74）∶20%（CI:0.03～0.56）]。MRI检测视神经受累突破巩膜筛板的敏感度为80%（CI:0.28～0.99）,特异度为74%（CI:0.55～0.88）。视神经无强化可排除组织病理学浸润,但视神经强化具有很高的假阳性率（22%24%）。结论眼底镜检查仍然是确定球内肿瘤范围的方法,而MR成像有助于评估球外肿瘤的范围。因此,两种检查方法对于视网膜母细胞瘤的分期各具优势和特点。要点①眼底镜检查是确定视网膜母细胞瘤球内范围的首选方法。②MR成像可以很好地评估巩膜外和球外肿瘤的范围。③MRI上视神经的强化不一定表明其受累。

关键词：视网膜母细胞瘤视网膜母细胞瘤分期眼底镜检查 MRI 敏感性和特异性

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