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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi S V V Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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Diabetic foot attack:Managing severe sepsis in the diabetic patient

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Kisshan raj Balakrishnan Dharshanan raj Selva raj Sabyasachi Ghosh Gregory AJ Robertson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Wrexham Maelor HospitalWrexham LL137TDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic HospitalOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom

Diabetic foot attack(DFA)is the most severe presentation of diabetic foot disease,with the patient commonly displaying severe sepsis,which can be limb or life *** can be classified into two main categories:Typical and atypical.A typical DFA is secondary to a severe infection in the foot,often initiated by minor breaches in skin integrity that allow pathogens to enter and *** form often progresses rapidly due to the underlying diabetic pathophysiology of neuropathy,microvascular disease,and hyperglycemia,which facilitate infection spread and tissue *** form of DFA can present as one of a number of severe infective pathologies including pyomyositis,necrotizing fasciitis,and myonecrosis,all of which can lead to systemic sepsis and multiorgan *** atypical DFA,however,is not primarily *** can occur secondary to either ischemia or Charcot *** of the typical DFA involves prompt diagnosis,aggressive infection control,and a multidisciplinary *** can be guided by the current International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on diabetic foot infections,and the combined British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society-Vascular Society *** article highlights the importance of early recognition,comprehensive management strategies,and the need for further research to establish standardized protocols and improve clinical outcomes for patients with DFA.

关键词： Diabetic foot attack Diabetic foot infection Diabetes mellitus Sepsis Systemic sepsis

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Influence of surface modified mixed metal oxide nanoparticles on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of polyurethane matrix

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第1期17卷 1-14页

作者： Joseph raj Xavier Department of Chemistry Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai-602105India

Newly synthesized functional nanoparticles,3-amino-1,2,4-triazole(ATA)/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)were introduced to the polyurethane(PU)*** techniques were used to investigate the barrier properties of the synthesized PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanocomposite coated steel *** natural seawater,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments indicated outstanding protective behaviour for the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)coated *** coating resistance(Rcoat)of PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)was determined to be 2956.90 kΩ·cm^(−2).The Rcoat of the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanocomposite coating was found to be over 50%higher than the PU *** current measured along the scratched surface of the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)coating was found to be very low(1.65 nA).The enhanced ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanoparticles inhibited the entry of electrolytes into the coating interface,as revealed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the degradation *** contact angle testing validated the hydrophobic nature of the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)coating(θ=115.4°).When the concentration of ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanoparticles was 2 wt%,dynamic mechanical analysis revealed better mechanical ***,the newly synthesised PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanocomposite provided excellent barrier and mechanical properties due to the addition of ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanoparticles to the polyurethane,which inhibited material degradation and aided in the prolongation of the coated steel’s life.

关键词： SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)nanoparticle nanocomposite coatings dynamic mechanical analysis electrochemical techniques corrosion colloids and interfaces

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Study of Type-B QPOs Observed in Black Hole X-Ray Binary Swift J1728.9-3613

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 1-9页

作者： raj Kumar Astrophysical Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400094India

We report the detection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO)of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.A type-B QPO was observed for the first two days and it disappeared as flux increased,but again appeared at∼7.70 Hz when flux was dramatically *** source was found in the soft intermediate state during these *** further studied the energy dependence of the *** found that QPO was observed only for a higher energy range implying that the origin of QPO is possibly due to the corona emitting higher energy photons by the inverse Compton *** variation of spectral parameters can be explained with the disk truncation *** fractional rms was found to be monotonically increased with *** phase lag spectrum followed the“U-shaped”*** rms and phase lag spectrum are modeled and explained with the single-component Comptonization model vkompthdk.

关键词： X-rays binaries-accretion-accretion disks-X-rays individual (Swift J1728.9-3613)

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Consistency features and fuzzy-based segmentation for shadow and reflection detection in digital image forgery

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 83-100页

作者： rajan CRISTIN Velankanni CYRIL raj St.Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute University

Advances in photo editing software have made it possible to generate visually convincing photographic forgeries which have been increased tremendously in recent years. In order to alleviate the problem of image forgery, a handful of techniques have been presented in the literature to detect forgery either in shadow or reflection. This paper aims to develop a technique to detect the image forgery either in shadow or reflection using features enabled neural network. The proposed technique of image forgery detection contains three important steps, like segmentation, feature extraction and detection. In segmentation, shadow points and reflection points are identified using map-based segmentation and FCM clustering. Then, feature points from the shadow points and reflective parts are extracted by considering texture consistency and strength consistency using LVP operator. The final step of forgery detection is performed using the feed forward neural network, where a new algorithm called ABCLM is developed for training of neural network weights. The performance is analyzed with four existing algorithms using measures such as accuracy and MSE. From the analysis, we understand that the proposed technique obtained the maximum accuracy of 80.49%.

关键词： image forensics forgery detection shadow reflection texture neural network

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LRS Bianchi Type-II Inflationary Universe with Massless Scalar Field and Time Varying Λ

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 42-44页

作者： raj Bali Swati Department of Mathematics University of RajasthanJaipur 302004India

The locally rotationally symmetric(LRS)Bianchi type-II inflationary cosmological model is investigated for massless scalar field with flat potential and time varyingΛ.To obtain the deterministic solution,it is assumed that scale factor is a(t)~e^(Ht) as we considered previously for Bianchi type-I spacetime andΛ~a^(-2) as considered by Chen and Wu,where H is the Hubble constant and effective potential V(φ)=const;φHigg's *** is shown that such a time varyingΛleads to no conflict with existing ***,it does change the predictions of standard cosmology in the matter-dominated phase and alleviates some problems in reconciling observations with the inflationary *** model represents anisotropic spacetime in ***,the model isotropizes for large values of t andβ=3H^(2),whereβis *** physical and geometrical aspects of the model in the context of an inflationary scenario is also discussed.

关键词： scenario field Bianchi

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Steroid hormone receptors and prostate cancer： role of structural dynamics in therapeutic targeting

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 682-686页

作者： raj Kumar Department of Basic Sciences The Commonwealth Medical College Scranton PA USA.

Steroid hormone receptors （SHRs） act in cell type- and gene-specific manner through interactions with coregulatory proteins to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes at the level of gene regulation. Binding of steroid receptor modulator （SRM） ligand leads to allosteric changes in SHR to exert positive or negative effects on the expression of target genes. Due, in part, to the fact that current SRMs generally target ligand binding domain （LBD）/AF2 and neglect intrinsically disordered （ID） N-terminal domain （NTD）/AF1, clinically relevant SRMs lack selectivity and are also prone to the development of resistance over time. Therefore, to maximize the efficacy of SHR-based therapeutics, the possibility of developing unique modulators that act to control AF1 activity must be considered. Recent studies targeting androgen receptor＇s （AR＇s） ID AF1 domain for the castration-resistant prostate cancer has provided the possibility of therapeutically targeting ID NTD/AF1 surfaces by allosteric modulations to achieve desired effects. In this review article, we discuss how inter- and intra- molecular allosteric regulations controlled by AR＇s structural flexibility and dynamics particularly the ID NTD/AF1 is an emerging area of investigation, which could be exploited for drug development and therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer.

关键词： allosteric regulation coregulatory proteins endocrine cancers intrinsically disordered proteins steroid hormone receptors structural dynamics transactivation activity

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Proximity Approach to Study the Fusion Barriers for Proton and Helium Induced Reactions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第11期31卷 39-43页

作者： raj Kumari Sumandeep Kaur Department of Physics Pan jab University Chandigarh 160 014 India

By using various proximity potentials, the fusion barrier heights and positions are calculated for proton and helium induced reactions with targets in the mass range 51≤ A ≤130 and 12≤ A ≤233, respectively. The calculated fusion barriers are parameterized by using the relations RB^Par = aX1 ＋ b and VB^Par = cX2, where X1 and X2 are A2^1/3 and Z1Z2/RB^Par, respectively. The values of the constants a, b and c are different for different versions of proximity potentials. We find that the parameterized forms derived by using Proximity 1977 yield values closer to the empirical data in proton as well as helium induced reactions and can be used further to estimate directly the barrier parameters for the fusion reactions of proton and helium with any target.

关键词： PROTONS HELIUM CHEMICAL reactions PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) MASS (Physics)

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Bianchi Type-Ⅲ String Cosmological Models with Time Dependent Bulk Viscosity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第2期24卷 585-588页

作者： BALI raj PRADHAN Anirudh Department of Mathematics University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302 004 India Department'of Mathematics Hindu Post-Graduate College Zamania-232 331 Ghazipur India

Bianchi type-Ⅲ string cosmological models with bulk viscous fluid for massive string are investigated. To obtain the determinate model of the universe, we assume that the coeffcient of bulk viscosity ξ is inversely proportional to the expansion θ in the model and expansion θ in the model is proportional to the shear g. This leads to B =lC^n, where l and n are constants. Behaviour of the model in the presence and absence of bulk viscosity is discussed. The physical implications of the models are also discussed in detail.

关键词： GENERAL-RELATIVITY COSMIC STRINGS VISCOUS-FLUID QUARK MATTER DUST

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Bianchi Type-V Bulk Viscous Barotropic Fluid Cosmological Model with Variable G and A

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第8期25卷 3090-3093页

作者： raj Bali Seema Tinker Department of Mathematics University of Rajasthan 3aipur-302004 India

We investigate the Bianchi type-V bulk viscous barotropic fluid cosmological model with variable gravitational constant G and the cosmological constant A, assuming the condition on metric A/A=B/B=C/C=m/tn potential aswhere A, B, and C are functions of time t, while m and n are constants. To obtain the deterministic mo del, we also assume the relations P = p - 3η H, p = 7P, η = ηop^s, where p is the isotropic pressure, η the bulk viscosity,0≤r≤1 H the Hubble constant, ηo and s are constants. Various physical aspects of the model are *** case of n = 1 is also discussed to compare the results with the actual universe.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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