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Exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors:Fact or fiction?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第10期12卷 1509-1510页

作者： mario Guslandi Gastroenterology Unit S.Raffaele University Hospital Via Olgettina 60Milano 20132Italy

The existence of a possible link between inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） has been repeatedly suggested. Recently, a few studies have addressed the issue of a possible, similar effect by selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors （COXIBs）. The present article reviews the available scientific evidence for this controversial subject.

关键词： COX-2 inhibitor Inflammatory bowel disease Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury and probiotic agents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第31期18卷 4241-4242页

作者： mario Guslandi Gastroenterology Unit S.Raffaele University Hospital20132 MilanItaly

Intestinal bacteria play a role in the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAID）-induced small intestinal injury. Agents such as probiotics, able to modi~ the gut ecology, might theoretically be useful in preventing small intestinal damage induced by NSAIDs. The clinical studies available so far do suggest that some probiotic agents can be effective in this respect.

关键词： Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Small intestine Intestinal bacteria Probiotics

Alpha-synuclein as a biomarker in Parkinson's disease: focus on neural derived extracelluar vesicles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1503-1504页

作者： Cristina Agliardi Franca R.Guerini mario Meloni mario Clerici IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi MilanItaly Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of MilanMilanItaly

The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is rapidly increasing,and more than 12 million people are expected to suffer from PD by *** is a highly invalidating neurodegenerative condition that arises from the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars *** main cause for such degeneration is the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies.

关键词： degeneration Alpha prevalence

Targeting intestinal microflora in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7225-7226页

作者： mario Guslandi Gastroenterology Unit S.Raffaele University Hospital Via Olgettina 60 Milan 20132 Italy

TOTHE EDITORIn their recent review article, Andoh and Fujiyama examined the various therapeutic approaches targeting intestinal microflora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. I would like to provide some additional data to complete and update their comments. First of all, when considering the role of probiotics in IBD treatment it must be emphasized that, in addition to Bifldobacteria, the Nissle 1917 E. coli strain and cocktails of microorganisms such as VSL # 3 mentioned in the article, other probiotic agents have been tested in the short- and long-term treatment of either ulcerative colitis and Crohn＇s disease, the results of those studies being reported in major international scientific journals.

关键词：肠疾病微生物疾病生命期 Crohn疾病

MPM simulations of dam-break floods

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第3期29卷 397-404页

作者： Xuanyu Zhao Dongfang Liang mario Martinelli Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Deltares DelftThe Netherlands

Owing to its ability of modelling large deformations and the ease of dealing with moving boundary conditions,the material point method is gaining popularity in geotechnical engineering *** this paper,this promising Lagrangian method is applied to hydrodynamic problems to further explore its *** collapse of water columns with different initial aspect ratios is simulated by the material point *** order to test the accuracy and stability of the material point method,simulations are first validated using experimental data and results of mature numerical ***,the model is used to ascertain the critical aspect ratio for the widely-used shallow water equations to give satisfactory *** the comparisons between the simulations based on the material point method and the shallow water equations,the critical aspect ratio for the suitable use of the shallow water equations is found to be 1.

关键词： Material point method dam-break floods Lagrangian method shallow water equations

Study on the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 153-158页

作者： Qiuyan Yuan Huijun Jia mario Poveda Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba

In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand（COD）in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate ***, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.

关键词： Leachate pre-treatment Biological nutrient removal Air stripping Mixing ratio Nitrification Phosphorus removal

Estimating the Lost Economic Production Caused by Internal Displacement Because of Disasters

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 496-506页

作者： mario A.Salgado-Gálvez Centre Internacional de Metodes Numerics en Enginyeria(CIMNE) 08034 BarcelonaSpain

Disasters are a large cause of internal displacement at the global level, in 2017 alone affecting more than19 million people. This dimension of disaster risk is usually overlooked in many disaster risk management strategies and assessments. It is only very recently that efforts to quantify displacement risk and integrate that dimension into existing physical risk models have been made. A key component of internal displacement assessment is the quantification of its economic impacts, both direct and indirect, not only to make a figure available but to raise awareness and increase accountability among governments, stakeholders, policymakers, and decision *** article presents a novel and peril-agnostic methodology with which to estimate, using a scenario-based approach, the economic production lost because of internal population displacement. The methodology is applied by using as a triggering event the April 2015 Gorkha, Nepal M7.8 earthquake. The method quantifies the indirect cost caused by internal population displacement because of that event in terms of lost economic production and estimates the loss to be between USD 400 and 850 million.

关键词： Disability adjusted life years Disaster risk Internally displaced people Lost economic production Disaster risk assessment

Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 623-630页

作者： Anders Pape MOLLER mario DiAZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay 0rsay Cedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) National Museum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Human proximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human proximity in terms of availability of resources and protection against predators and parasites. We recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-kin transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Spain, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null expectation was less than a third. Mean distance for species was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat specialist species with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from species having more broods per year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest predation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, population density, and continental breeding population sizes were larger for species living closer to human habitation. Most relationships between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong phylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after phylogenetic correction. Proximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and species tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Replicated measurements of the spatial and tempo- ral variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing process of organisms＇ urbanization.

关键词： birds distance to nearest house flight initiation distance humans refuge urbanization.

The impact of ancestral population size and incomplete lineage sorting on Bayesian estimation of species divergence times

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 874-885页

作者： Konstantinos ANGELIS mario DOS REIS Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London Gower Street London WC 1E 6BT UK

Although the effects of the coalescent process on sequence divergence and genealogies are well understood, the vir- tual majority of studies that use molecular sequences to estimate times of divergence among species have failed to account for the coalescent process. Here we study the impact of ancestral population size and incomplete lineage sorting on Bayesian estimates of species divergence times under the molecular clock when the inference model ignores the coalescent process. Using a combination of mathematical analysis, computer simulations and analysis of real data, we find that the errors on estimates of times and the molecular rate can be substantial when ancestral populations are large and when there is substantial incomplete lineage sorting. For example, in a simple three-species case, we find that if the most precise fossil calibration is placed on the root of the phylogeny, the age of the internal node is overestimated, while if the most precise calibration is placed on the internal node, then the age of the root is underestimated. In both cases, the molecular rate is overestimated. Using simulations on a phylogeny of nine species, we show that substantial errors in time and rate estimates can be obtained even when dating ancient divergence events. We analyse the hominoid phylogeny and show that estimates of the neutral mutation rate obtained while ignoring the coalescent are too high. Using a coalescent-based technique to obtain geological times of divergence, we obtain estimates of the mutation rate that are within experimental estimates and we also obtain substantially older divergence times within the phylogeny [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 874-885, 2015].

关键词： Ancestral polymorphism Incomplete lineage sorting Divergence time estimation Gene tree Species tree