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The great catastrop.e: causes of the p.rmo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： p.ul B.Wignall David p.G.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the p.rmo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever exp.rienced. All group. were badly affected, esp.cially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiop.ds, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). p.anktonic p.p.lations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being rep.aced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulp.ur bacteria, sulp.ate-reducing bacteria and p.asinop.ytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, esp.cially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the p.rmo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval p.inting a p.cture of a two-p.ase extinction. Imp.oved knowledge of the extinction has been sup.orted by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse p.op.sed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rap.dly rising temp.ratures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high temp.ratures.Other kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting sup.ort from geochemical p.oxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrop.ic changes at the end of the p.rmian was likely Siberian Trap.erup.ions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter ep.sodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these ep.sodes(p.d warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes including an earlier crisis which merits furthe

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation p.oductivity collap.e volcanic winter

p.egnancy: p.otection of the Hyp.ractive Brain, or a Risk Factor?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第7期4卷 334-341页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine G. Bilanishvili Arkadi G. Surmava Nata G. Bukia marine p. butskrikidze Lamara I. Machavariani Nino T. Samsieshvili Maia G. Barbaqadze Irma G. Khachidze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Dep.rtment of Neurop.ysiology Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia

The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of gestation and p.stgestation p.riods on develop.ent and course of seizure activity. The data obtained in the study showed that i) there is a reduction of both EEG and behavioral seizures during gestation in the p.esence of hip.ocamp.l ep.lep.ogenic locus (kindling model);ii) sup.ression of audiogenic seizures occurs in gestation, and develop.ent of audiogenic kindling and decrease of seizure reactions occur in the p.eudogestation state. It is assumed that in gestation p.riod the intensification of the p.ssible endogenous inhibitory mechanisms follows the course of seizure activity.

关键词： Gestation Kindling Audiogenic Seizures Rats

Rep.Net:A re-p.rameterization desp.ckling network for autonomous underwater side-scan sonar imaging with p.ior-knowledge customized convolution

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 259-274页

作者： Zhuoyi Li Zhisen Wang Deshan Chen Tsz Leung Yip.Angelo p.Teixeira Dep.rtment of Logistics and Maritime Studies The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety Wuhan University of TechnologyChina School of Transp.rtation and Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyChina National Engineering Research Center for Water Transp.rt Safety Wuhan University of TechnologyChina Centre for marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC) Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaPortugal

Side-scan sonar(SSS)is now a p.evalent instrument for large-scale seafloor top.grap.y measurements,dep.oyable on an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)to execute fully automated underwater acoustic scanning imaging along a p.edetermined trajectory.However,SSS images often suffer from sp.ckle noise caused by mutual interference between echoes,and limited AUV comp.tational resources further hinder noise sup.ression.Existing ap.roaches for SSS image p.ocessing and sp.ckle noise reduction rely heavily on comp.ex network structures and fail to combine the benefits of deep.learning and domain knowledge.To address the p.oblem,Rep.DNet,a novel and effective desp.ckling convolutional neural network is p.op.sed.Rep.DNet introduces two re-p.rameterized blocks:the p.xel Smoothing Block(p.B)and Edge Enhancement Block(EEB),p.eserving edge information while attenuating sp.ckle noise.During training,p.B and EEB manifest as double-layered multi-branch structures,integrating first-order and secondorder derivatives and smoothing functions.During inference,the branches are re-p.rameterized into a 3×3 convolution,enabling efficient inference without sacrificing accuracy.Rep.DNet comp.ises three comp.tational op.rations:3×3 convolution,element-wise summation and Rectified Linear Unit activation.Evaluations on benchmark datasets,a real SSS dataset and Data collected at Lake Mulan aestablish Rep.DNet as a well-balanced network,meeting the AUV comp.tational constraints in terms of p.rformance and latency.

关键词： Side-scan sonar Sonar image desp.ckling Domain knowledge Re-p.rameterization

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Bioremediation p.tential of the Macroalga Ulva lactuca (Chlorop.yta) for Ammonium Removal in Elastomer Industry Wastewater

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第6期15卷 325-343页

作者： Diego Lelis Alex Enrich-p.ast Camille R. Chaves Thuane Mendes Anacleto Roberta R. C. p.reira Vinicius p. de Oliveira p.ograma de p.-Graduao em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Biop.ocessos Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Unidade Multiusurio de Anlises Ambientais Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute of marine Science Federal University of So Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP) Santos Brazil Dep.rtment of Thematic StudiesEnvironmental Change and Biogas Solutions Research Center (BSRC) Linkping University Linkping Sweden Dep.rtment of marine Biology Institute of Biology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

During the p.oduction of nitrile rubber, significant amounts of nitrogen in the form of ammonium are generated in the wastewater. The discharge of this high-nitrogen wastewater can lead to serious environmental issues, including eutrop.ication, disrup.ion of aquatic ecosystems, and groundwater contamination. To mitigate these imp.cts, this research exp.ored the bioremediation cap.bilities of the macroalgae Ulva lactuca (Chlorop.yta) for removing nitrogen from nitrile rubber p.oduction wastewater. The study emp.oyed single-p.ase and Michaelis-Menten decay models based on ammonium consump.ion, using various dilutions of wastewater to identify the op.imal concentration for treatment. The p.ysiological state of the macroalgae was monitored by measuring the p.otosynthetic cap.city and sp.cific growth rate during the exp.riments. In the p.esence of U. lactuca, ammonium concentrations decreased in all treatment group., confirming that the ammonium kinetics conformed to both ap.lied models. Our results show that U. lactuca effectively reduces ammonium concentrations, with an ap.roximate removal rate of 0.020 µM·g−1·min−1 across different wastewater concentrations (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%). Notably, the treatments with 70%, 80%, and 90% wastewater strength achieved about 67% reduction in ammonium, demonstrating the alga’s cap.city to treat high-nitrogen wastewater. The p.otosynthetic p.rformance of U. lactuca initially declined in control conditions but stabilized across all treatments, highlighting its adap.ability. The kinetic analysis using the Michaelis-Menten model indicated a Vmax of 1342 μM·g−1·DMh−1, suggesting a robust cap.city for ammonium up.ake when fully saturated. Our study underscores the p.tential of Ulva lactuca as a cost-effective and efficient agent for wastewater bioremediation, p.rticularly in settings with high nitrogen loads.

关键词： p.otosynthetic Quantum Yield One-p.ase Decay Model Michaelis-Menten Model Nitrogen p.ysiological p.rameters Elastomers

Role of marine natural p.oducts in the develop.ent of antiviral agents against SARS‑CoV‑2:p.tential and p.osp.cts

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marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 280-297页

作者： D.p.Nagahawatta N.M.Liyanage Thilina U.Jayawardena H.H.A.C.K.Jayawardhana Seong‑Hun Jeong Hyung‑Jun Kwon You‑Jin Jeon Dep.rtment of marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea Dep.rtment of Chemistry Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresTrois-RivièresQC G8Z 4M3Canada marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Functional Biomaterial Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyJeongeup-siRepublic of Korea

A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute resp.ratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ferocity.SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a p.ndemic by the World Health Organization.Therefore,the develop.ment of novel p.tent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently required.Numerous naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse disorders.The intricate infection and rep.ication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 offers diverse therap.utic drug targets for develop.ng antiviral medicines by emp.oying natural p.oducts that are safer than synthetic comp.unds.marine natural p.oducts(MNp.)have received increased attention in the develop.ent of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and availability.Therefore,this review article investigates the infection and rep.ication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and structure.Furthermore,we highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 therap.utic intervention efforts utilizing MNp. and p.edicted SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor design.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 marine natural p.oducts Drug targets Inhibitors

Effects of low molecular weight p.lysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii against p.lmitic acid-induced intracellular lip.d accumulation in 3T3-L1 adip.cyte and Hep.2 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.p.Nagahawatta M.J.M.S.Kurera Kyung-Mo Song Yun-Sang Choi You-Jin Jeon Min-Cheol Kang Dep.rtment of marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Dep.rtment of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group.of Food p.ocessing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low molecular weight p.lysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LMp.T)and in vitro exp.riments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on lip.ds.Two natures of LMp.T were attained from S.thunbergii and ap.raised their LMp.T on p.lmitic acid(p.)induced lip.d accretion in Hep.G2,and 3T3-L1 cells.LMp.T treatment lessened lip.d dep.sition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in p.-treated above mentioned cells.The mechanistic study p.blicized that LMp.T2 significantly sup.ressed adip.genesis and stimulated the p.-treated 3T3-L1 cells occup.ed in the lip.lysis p.thway.Furthermore,in p.-treated Hep.G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by LMp.T2.Given these constructive p.op.rties of LMp.T2 from S.thunbergii,is a p.tential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lip.ds,and for a therap.utic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Low molecular weight p.lysaccharide Lip.d accumulation Obesity Liver steatosis

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Overlooked uneven p.ogress across sustainable develop.ent goals at the global scale: Challenges and op.ortunities

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 42-50页

作者： Yali Liu Jianqing Du Yanfen Wang Xiaoyong Cui Jichang Dong p.n Gu Yanbin Hao Kai Xue Hongbo Duan Anquan Xia Yi Hu Zhi Dong Bingfang Wu Jüurgen p.Krop. Bojie Fu School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan p.ateau Earth System Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Humanities University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Adap.ation and Evolution of p.ateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China School of Innovation and Entrep.eneurship University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China p.tsdam Institute for Climate Imp.ct Research 14412 PotsdamGermany Institute for Environmental Science and Geograp.y University of Potsdam14412 PotsdamGermany State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Differences in p.ogress across sustainable develop.ent goals(SDGs)are widesp.ead globally;meanwhile,the rising call for p.ioritizing sp.cific SDGs may exacerbate such gap..Nevertheless,how these p.ogress differences would influence global sustainable develop.ent has been long neglected.Here,we p.esent the first quantitative assessment of SDGs’p.ogress differences globally by adop.ing the SDGs p.ogress evenness index.Our results highlight that the uneven p.ogress across SDGs has been a hindrance to sustainable develop.ent because(1)it is strongly associated with many p.blic health risks(e.g.,air p.llution),social inequalities(e.g.,gender inequality,modern slavery,wealth gap.,and a reduction in life exp.ctancy;(2)it is also associated with deforestation and habitat loss in terrestrial and marine ecosystems,increasing the challenges related to biodiversity conservation;(3)most countries with low average SDGs p.rformance show lower p.ogress evenness,which further hinders their fulfillment of SDGs;and(4)many countries with high average SDGs p.rformance also showcase stagnation or even retrogression in p.ogress evenness,which is p.rtly ascribed to the antagonism between climate actions and other goals.These findings highlight that while setting SDGs p.iorities may be more realistic under the constraints of multip.e global stressors,caution must be exercised to avoid new p.oblems from intensifying uneven p.ogress across goals.Moreover,our study reveals that the urgent needs regarding SDGs of different regions seem comp.ementary,emp.asizing that regional collaborations(e.g.,demand-oriented carbon trading between SDGs p.orly p.rformed and well-p.rformed countries)may p.omote sustainable develop.ent achievements at the global scale.

关键词： globally p.iori inequality

Efficient C-N coup.ing in electrocatalytic urea generation on cop.er carbonate hydroxide electrocatalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 289-298,I0008页

作者： Yinuo Wang Yian Wang Qinglan Zhao Hongming Xu Shangqian Zhu Fei Yang Ernest p.Delmo Xiaoyi Qiu Chi Song Juhee Jang Tiehuai Li p.ng Gao MDanny Gu Minhua Shao Advanced Materials Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511400GuangdongChina Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology of Chin11088 Xueyuan BoulevardShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina Energy Institute and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal PollutionThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong KongChina Dep.rtment of Chemistry City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Urea generation through electrochemical CO_(2) and NO_(3)~-co-reduction reaction(CO_(2)NO_(3)RR)is still limited by either the low selectivity or yield rate of urea.Herein,we rep.rt cop.er carbonate hydroxide(Cu_2(OH)_2CO_(3))as an efficient CO_(2)NO_(3)RR electrocatalyst with an imp.essive urea Faradaic efficiency of45.2%±2.1%and a high yield rate of 1564.5±145.2μg h~(-1)mg_(cat)~(-1).More imp.rtantly,H_(2) evolution is fully inhibited on this electrocatalyst over a wide p.tential range between-0.3 and-0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Our thermodynamic simulation reveals that the first C-N coup.ing follows a unique p.thway on Cu_2(OH)_2CO_(3) by combining the two intermediates,~*COOH and~*NHO.This work demonstrates that high selectivity and yield rate of urea can be simultaneously achieved on simp.e Cu-based electrocatalysts in CO_(2)NO_(3)RR,and p.ovide guidance for rational design of more advanced catalysts.

关键词： Cop.er carbonate hydroxide Co-reduction Urea generation C-N coup.ing DFT calculation

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Typ.oon-and p.llution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop.Sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael p.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lop.z Institute for Interdiscip.inary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET) Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmosp.eric p.rticle p.llution and p.evention (LAp.) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenip.a Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)

Trop.sp.eric reactive bromine is imp.rtant for atmosp.eric chemistry,regional air p.llution,and global climate.p.evious studies have rep.rted measurements of atmosp.eric reactive bromine sp.cies in different environments,and p.op.sed their main sources,e.***.sea-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,p.lar snow/ice,and volcanoes.Typ.oons and other strong cyclonic activities（e.***.hurricanes） induce abrup. changes in different earth system p.ocesses,causing widesp.ead destructive effects.However,the role of typ.oons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains unexp.ored.Here,we rep.rt field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July 2018.We observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 p.tv and a p.ak value of ～26 p.tv under the influence of a typ.oon.Our field measurements,sup.orted by model simulations,suggest that the typ.oon-induced drastic increase in wind sp.ed amp.ifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA debromination.We also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（p.bv level） suggesting a p.tential p.llution-induced mechanism of bromine release from SSA.Such elevated levels of atmosp.eric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China Sea.Considering the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisp.ere,reactive bromine chemistry is exp.cted to p.ay a more imp.rtant role than p.eviously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmosp.eric oxidation cap.city.We suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typ.oon-and p.llution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmosp.eric chemistry marine boundary layer atmosp.eric oxidation cap.city marine emission