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世界科学 1991年第6期 34-36页

作者： marilyn monk 徐智策

通过鼠的研究,科学家发现了在胚胎早期探查特殊基因缺陷的方法.这些诊断是否适用于那些具有向后代传递严重遗传病危险的人?

关键词：胚胎植入基因缺陷遗传病疾病植入前诊断遗传疾病

Influence of ambient water coloration on habitat and conspecific choice in the female Lake Malawi cichlid, Metriaclima zebra

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 214-224页

作者： Noori Choj Nicolas Mathevon Eileen A.Hebets marilyn Beauchaud School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory CRNLCNRSInsermUniversite de Saint-EtienneSaint-EtienneFrance Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior KonstanzGerman

Female cichlid fish living in African great lakes are known to have sensory systems that are adapted to ambient light *** sen-sory system adaptations are hypothesized to have influenced the evolution of the diverse male nuptial *** rock-dwelling Lake Malawi mbuna cichlids,however,the extent to which ambient light environments influence female sensory systems and potentially associated male nuptial coloration remains ***,the ubiquitous blue flank coloration and UV reflection of male mbuna cichlids suggest the potential impacts of the blue-shifted ambient light environment on these cichlid's visual perception and male nuptial coloration in the shallow water depth in Lake *** the present study,we explored whether and how the sensory bias of females influences intersexual communication in the mbuna cichlid,Metriaclima zebra.A series of choice experiments in various light environments showed that *** females (1)have a pref-erence for the blue-shifted light environment,(2)prefer to interact with males in blue-shifted light environments,(3)do not show a preference between dominant and subordinate males in full-spectrum,long-wavelength filtered,and short-wavelength filtered light environments,and (4)show a"reversed"preference for subordinate males in the UV-filtered light *** results suggest that the visual perception of *** females may be biased to the ambient light spectra in their natural habitat by local adaptation and that this sensory bias may influence the evolution of blueand UV reflectivepatterns in male nuptial coloration.

关键词： ambient light environment Lake Malawi male coloration mbuna cichlids Metriaclima zebra sensory bias UV coloration UV perception visual communication.

Increased Mortality Risk in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping Review

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 754-766页

作者： Devin Evavold Tyler Mueller Erika Johnson marilyn G. Klug Larry Burd School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Objective: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are common, often undiagnosed, lifelong developmental disorders that result from prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is present at birth and typically identified around seven years of age. The most severe outcome in cases of FASD is mortality. The purpose of this scoping review is to 1) use a systematic review to provide an estimated mortality proportion for children with FASD, and 2) update a study published in 2014 by reviewing published reports of mortality in individuals diagnosed with FASD. Method: A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for reports published between 2013 and 2023 on mortality in individuals with FASD. Results: Three population-based studies have reported on all-cause mortality rates, finding a combined mortality rate of 10.9%, a 2.63 fold (95% CI: 2.61 to 2.65) increase in mortality risk over the general population. Since 2016, this review identified only eight new cases meeting the study inclusion criteria. The reported causes of death were five cases of pneumonia, and one case each of failure to thrive and dehydration, intestinal dilatation and asphyxiation caused by overeating due to pica, and acute gastric volvulus. Discussion: While current research suggests a diagnosis of FASD is associated with a 2.6-fold increase in mortality risk, this is likely an underestimation, as most cases of FASD-related mortality go unreported. Globally, about 1 new case is reported every 15 months. However, in the United States alone, between 1752 to 4400 FASD related deaths occur annually. Our review suggests that FASD is rarely identified as a causal or contributing factor in deaths of children and adolescents, resulting in a substantial undercount of FASD-related deaths. Increased attention to the role of FASD in infant and child mortality case reviews, child death review committee reports, and mortality reviews is needed.

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Mortality Birth Defects Death Exposure Pneumonia

Is a Mini-Screen for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Feasible?

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 767-781页

作者： Tyler Mueller Devin Evavold June-Yung Kim marilyn G. Klug Larry Burd School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA Department of Social Work University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are a global public health concern with lifelong consequences for affected individuals. Recent prevalence studies suggest FASD prevalence rates range from 1-5% among school age children. Most people with FASD are not correctly diagnosed and inadequate screening to identify patients with increased risk may contribute to under-diagnosis. This study developed a 10-item screening tool for FASD and examined its feasibility. Methods: The sample consisted of 355 children who had been evaluated at an FASD clinic. Data from the 33-item Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder Behavioral Checklist was used to develop a brief FASD screen by comparing the changes in Cronbach’s alpha for different combinations of items. The validity of the brief scale was then further examined using receiving operating characteristic analyses. Results: The 10-item screen demonstrated acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to identify children at high risk for FASD. The percentage correctly classified was 91.3 and the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve was 0.971. Conclusions: This feasibility study demonstrated that a screen for FASD consisting of 10 items with yes or no responses can be completed in 3 - 4 minutes. The tool is brief, with a low administration burden and has acceptable epidemiologic performance characteristics including accuracy. Future research should examine the performance of this tool when used in larger, community-based populations where screening for FASD would be appropriate.

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) Children Screening Prevalence

Well water contaminants and colorectal cancer in North Dakota

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第11期15卷 1454-1458页

作者： Amber D Lyon-Colbert Marc D Basson marilyn G Klug Gary G Schwartz Department of Population Health University of North DakotaGrand ForksND 58202United States College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272United States College of Medicine University HospitalsClevelandOH 44106United States Department of Population Health University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksND 58202United States

This study aims to identify common contaminants in well water linked to an increase in colorectal cancer(CRC)incidence rates in North Dakota(ND)***-specific incidence rates for CRC were obtained from the ND Statewide Cancer *** demographic,agricultural,and geophysical data were obtained from population-based *** between well water contaminants and CRC incidence were examined for 16 counties in ND with complete well water profiles between *** were analyzed by multiple linear *** in well water exhibited a significant positive association with CRC incidence(4.75,P=0.001),and barium exhibited a small,but significant negative association(-0.06907,P=0.01).Residents in counties in ND with prevalent well water usage contaminated with iron may be at higher risk for CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Iron Water quality Well water North Dakota

Nurses’perceptions about neonatal intensive care units providing family-centered care are associated with skin-to-skin contact implementation

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 61-65页

作者： marilyn Aita Gwenaëlle De Clifford-Faugère Geneviève Laporte Sébastien Colson Nancy Feeley Faculty of Nursing Universitéde MontréalMontrealCanada CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre MontrealCanada Quebec Network on Nursing Intervention Research MontrealCanada Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences CEReSSAix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance Ingram School of Nursing McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Centre for Nursing Research and Lady Davis Institute Jewish General HospitalMontrealCanada

Skin-to-skin contact(SSC)consists of positioning the diaper-clad infant against the parent’s chest and is considered a nursing practice rooted in family-centered care(FCC).1 SSC implies simultaneous parental presence and helps to facilitate their involvement from the earliest hours of their preterm infants’lives as this intervention is delivered by parents.1 FCC has gained worldwide popularity in recent years to promote parental presence and active participation of parents in care during neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)hospitalization.2 Both practices relate to developmental care(DC),which regroups specific interventions aimed at reducing stress and improving infant neurological development.

关键词： centered gained Skin

THE USE OF PLANE WAVES TO APPROXIMATE WAVE PROPAGATION IN ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2007年第3期25卷 350-367页

作者： Tomi Huttunen Peter monk Department of Physics University of KuopioP.O.Box 1627FIN-70211 KuopioFinland Department of Mathematical Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA

In this paper we extend the standard Ultra Weak Variational Formulation （UWVF） of Maxwell＇s equations in an isotropic medium to the case of an anisotropic medium. We verify that the underlying theoretical framework carries over to anisotropic media （however error estimates are not yet available） and completely describe the new scheme. We then consider TM mode scattering, show how this results in a Helmholtz equation in two dimensions with an anisotropic coefficient and demonstrate how to formulate the UWVF for it. In one special case, convergence can be proved. We then show some numerical results that suggest that the UWVF can successfully simulate wave propagation in anisotropic media.

关键词： Ultra weak Maxwell Plane wave Anisotropic medium.

Evaluation of Clinician Training in Autism Screening, Care Management, and Patient Education

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 488-513页

作者： Belinda O’Hagan Julie White Ilana Hardesty Rachel Amgott Candice Bangham Xinyang Liu Alyson Codner Amy Ursitti Alana Chandler Sarah Foster marilyn Augustyn Jacey Greece Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Boston Medical Center Boston United States of America Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston United States of America Department of Community Health Sciences Boston University School of Public Health Boston United States of America

Objective: The demand for pediatric developmental evaluations has far exceeded the workforce available to perform them, which creates long significant wait times for services. A year-long clinician training using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO®) model with monthly meetings was conducted and evaluated for its impact on primary care clinicians’ self-reported self-efficacy, ability to administer autism screening and counsel families, professional fulfillment, and burnout. Methods: Participants represented six community health centers and a hospital-based practice. Data collection was informed by participant feedback and the Normalization Process Theory via online surveys and focus groups/interviews. Twelve virtual monthly trainings were delivered between November 2020 and October 2021. Results: 30 clinicians participated in data collection. Matched analyses (n = 9) indicated statistically significant increase in self-rated ability to counsel families about autism (Pre-test Mean = 3.00, Post-test Mean = 3.89, p = 0.0313), manage autistic patients’ care (Pre-test Mean = 2.56, Post-test Mean = 4.11, p = 0.0078), empathy toward patients (Pre-test Mean = 2.11, Post-test Mean = 1.22, p = 0.0156) and colleagues (Pre-test Mean = 2.33, Post-test Mean = 1.22, respectively, p = 0.0391). Unmatched analysis revealed increases in participants confident about educating patients about autism (70.59%, post-test n = 12 vs. 3.33%, pre-test n = 1, p = 0.0019). Focus groups found increased confidence in using the term “autism”. Conclusion: Participants reported increases in ability and confidence to care for autistic patients, as well as empathy toward patients and colleagues. Future research should explore long-term outcomes in participants’ knowledge retention, confidence in practice, and improvements to autism evaluations and care.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Program Evaluation Case-Based Training Provider Burnout Continuing Medical Education

TheUltraWeakVariational FormulationUsing Bessel Basis Functions

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第2期11卷 400-414页

作者： Teemu Luostari Tomi Huttunen Peter monk Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern FinlandP.O.Box 1627FI-70211 KuopioFinland Department of Mathematical Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA

We investigate the ultra weak variational formulation(UWVF)of the 2-D Helmholtz equation using a new choice of basis *** the UWVF basis functions are chosen to be plane ***,we instead use first kind Bessel *** compare the performance of the two ***,we show that it is possible to use coupled plane wave and Bessel bases in the same *** test cases we shall consider propagating plane and evanescent waves in a rectangular domain and a singular 2-D Helmholtz problem in an L-shaped domain.

关键词： The ultra weak variational formulation Helmholtz problem planewave basis Bessel basis non-polynomial basis.

Physiological mechanisms of migration

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 347-348页

作者： marilyn RAMENOFSKY Guest Editor Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of Califomia Davis California 95616 USA

Migratory movements of organisms have arisen across diverse phylogenetic lines for millions of years （Alerstam, 1990; Drake and Gatehouse, 1995; Dingle, 1996; Greenberg and Marra, 2005; Newton, 2008）. Some movements are only a matter of centimeters over uneven surfaces, as seen in the amoeba slime mold Dic- tyostelium discoideum （Gilbert et al., 2012）. While at the other extreme the annual aerial routings of about 80,000 km achieved by the arctic tern Sterna paradisea （Egevang et al., 2010） are well known as birds travel between breeding grounds in the arcticand southern oceans to overwinter.

关键词：生理机制迁移生物体繁殖地进化迁徙粘菌鸟类