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Controlling and Evaluating the Structure and Morphology of Polymers on Multiple Scales

Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015年第12期3卷 48-60页

作者： Geoffrey R. Mitchell Ana Tojeira Thomas Gkourmpis James J. Holt Peter Harris marilena pezzuto Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development Institute Polytechnic of Leiria Marinha Grande Portugal Innovation & Technology Borealis AB Stenungsund Sweden Department of Physics University of Reading Whiteknghts Reading UK Centre for Advanced Microscopy University of Reading Whiteknights Reading UK CNR-Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri Pozzuoli Italy

Crystalline polymers spontaneously form hierarchical structures although the precise manner in which these scales of structure are interconnected especially terms of the formation and evolution of the complete structure remains unclear. We have set out to control these scales of structure by introducing additional components which self-assemble in to nano-scale units which then direct the crystallisation of the polymer matrix. In other words, we first assemble a low concentration top-level structure which is designed to template or direct the sub-sequent crystallisation of the matrix polymer. This top level structure takes on the role of controlling the structure. We have set out to both establish the design principles of such structures and to develop experimental procedures which allow us to follow the formation of such complex hierarchical polymer structures. In particular we focus of the relationships between these different levels of structure and time sequence of events required for the structure to evolve in the targeted manner. In this programme, we have exploited time-resolving small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy together with neutron scattering to probe and quantify the different scales of structure and their evolution. We highlight new neutron scattering instrumentation which we believe have great potential in the growing field of hierarchical structures in polymers. The addition of small quantities of nanoparticles to conventional and sustainable thermoplastics leads to property enhancements with considerable potential in a number of areas Most engineered nano-particles are highly stable and these exist as nano-particles prior to compounding with the polymer resin, they remain as nano- particles during the active use as well as in the subsequent waste and recycling streams. In this work we also explore the potential for constructing nano-particles within the polymer matrix during processing from organic compounds selected to provide nano

关键词： Component Semi-Crystalline Polymers Morphology Texture Nucleation Growth Shear Flow

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