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Post-Mortem MRI and Histopathology in neurologic Disease:A Translational Approach

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neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 229-243页

作者： Laura e.Jonkman Boyd Kenkhuis Jeroen J.G.Geurts Wilma D.J.van de Berg Department of Anatomy and neurosciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center

In this review, combined post-mortem brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and histology studies are highlighted, illustrating the relevance of translational approaches to de?ne novel MRI signatures of neuropathological lesions in neuroin?ammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Initial studies combining post-mortem MRI and histology have validated various MRI sequences,assessing their sensitivity and speci?city as diagnostic biomarkers in neurologic disease. More recent studies have focused on de?ning new radiological(bio)markers and implementing them in the clinical(research) setting. By combining neurological and neuroanatomical expertise with radiological development and pathological validation,a cycle emerges that allows for the discovery of novel MRI biomarkers to be implemented in vivo. examples of this cycle are presented for multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain *** applications have been shown to be successful, while others require further validation. In conclusion, there is much to explore with post-mortem MRI and histology studies, which can eventually be of high relevance for clinical practice.

关键词： MRI Histology Biomarkers Multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease

Siwalik plant megafossil diversity in the eastern Himalayas: A review

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 243-264页

作者： Mahasin Ali Khan Sumana Mahato Robert A.Spicer Teresa e.V.Spicer Ashif Ali Taposhi Hazra Subir Bera Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303PR China School of environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

The eastern Himalayas are renowned for their high plant *** understand how this modern botanical richness formed,it is critical to investigate past plant biodiversity preserved as fossils throughout the eastern Himalayan Siwalik succession(middle Miocene-early Pleistocene).Here,we present a summary of plant diversity records that document neogene floristic and climate *** do this by compiling published records of megafossil plant remains,because these offer better spatial and temporal resolution than do palynological *** of the Siwalik floral assemblages based on the distribution of the nearest living relative taxa suggest that a tropical wet evergreen forest was growing in a warm humid monsoonal climate at the deposition *** qualitative interpretation is also corroborated by published CLAMP(Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) ***,we also reconstruct the climate by applying a new common proxy WorldClim2 *** allows the detection of subtle climate differences between floral assemblages free of artefacts introduced by using different methodologies and climate *** analysis of the Siwalik floras indicates that there was a gradual change in floral *** lower Siwalik assemblages provide evidence of a predominance of evergreen *** increase in deciduous elements in the floral composition is noticed towards the close of the middle Siwalik and the beginning of the upper Siwalik *** change reflects a climatic difference between Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene *** review helps us to understand under what paleoenvironmental conditions plant diversity occurred and evolved in the eastern Himalayas throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： megafossils Siwalik MiocenePleistocene Palaeovegetation Palaeoenvironment eastern Himalayas

Bone and Soft Tissue Blood Flow during Normobaric and Hyperbaric oxygen Breathing in Healthy Divers

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Journal of Biomedical Science and engineering 2014年第12期7卷 973-981页

作者： Agneta C.Larsson Johan Uusijarvi Jan e.Naslund Iréne Lund Peter Lindholm Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden Department of Anaesthesia&Intensive Care Division of Hyperbaric MedicineKarolinska HospitalStockholmSweden Department of Radiology Karolinska HospitalStockholmSweden

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate, using a photoplethysmographic (PPG) technique, how pulsatile blood flow within the patellar bone and skin over the patella reacts to normobaric (NBo) and hyperbaric oxygen breathing (HBo). methods: eleven healthy volunteers, breathed air or oxygen. Subjects were blinded to breathing gas. A range of partial pressures of oxygen were administered in 10 minute intervals: 21 kPa, 101 kPa (NBo), 21 kPa, (compression to 280 kPa), 59 kPa, 280 kPa (HBo), 59 kPa, (decompression), and 21 kPa. Changes were measured continuously for each individual. Results: Hyperoxia decreased pulsatile patellar blood flow ~32 resp. 38% and skin blood flow ~36 resp. 42% during the first 2 - 3 minutes of NBo resp. HBo. This decrease was normalized within 5 minutes after exposure. The results were similar when switching from air to NBo (101 kPa) and from air at pressure (59 kPa) to HBo (280 kPa). Conclusions: The study shows that pulsatile patellar skin and bone blood flow, decreases significantly as a reaction to oxygen breathing in healthy subjects. The results suggest that a non-invasive PPG technique could be used to monitor blood flow changes in bone during oxygen treatment.

关键词： Photopletysmography Hyperbaric oxygen Bone osteomyelitis Blood Flow

C1C2 Wiring and Posttraumatic Atlantoaxial Dislocation: An effective and Cheap Surgical Procedure in a Developing Country

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 357-370页

作者： Ibrahim Dao Massimiliano Visocchi Salah Sow John Jabang ousmane ouattara Astride Somda Abdoulaye Sanou elie Dibloni Nassoum Arsène Tossou Narcisse ouedraogo Frédéric Bako Massadiami Soulama Malick Diallo Patrick Wendpouiré Hamed Dakouré Department of neurosurgery University Hospital Souro Sanou Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso High Institute of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Military Hospital Colonel Major Tanguet ouattara Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of neurosurgery Craniovertebral Junction Surgery Unit School of Medicine Catholic University Rome Italy Department of Radiology and medical Imaging University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of neurosurgery (Unit) Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital Banjul Gambia Department of neurosurgery University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of neurosurgery Military Hospital Capitaine Halassane Coulibaly Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of orthopedic Surgery University Hospital Souro Sanou Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation remains a rare and serious condition with a high preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Its successful surgical management is still challenging and gratifying for neurosurgeons. Several technics have been described such as wiring, trans articular screwing, C1C2 screwing with plate and screw introduced by Goel et al., and modified by insertion of polyaxially screw and rod many years later by Harms. Unavailability and expensiveness of upper cervical spine instrumentation device led us to C1C2 Wiring resulting in a good outcome. Finally, a quadriplegic patient with a more comfortable financial condition had ordered devices from abroad and benefit for Goel and Harms screwing technique and improved dramatically from ASIA A to ASIA e. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients managed in our department by a same neurosurgeon from January 2019 to April 2024. Results: We defined 6 men and 1 woman with an average age of 33 years. Unrestrained driver in a rollover motor vehicle accident was most common. only one patient was neurologically intact on admission. neurovegetative disorders were noticed in one patient. Dislocation was associated to a fracture of the dens in two patients. Three patients have been successfully operated with remarkable outcome, mostly from ASIA A to e. Conclusion: C1C2 dislocation is a serious condition and C1C2 Wiring represents an effective and cheaper technic. Therefore, this technic should deserve consideration above all in low incomes countries when screwing devices are not available. Seatbelt should be demanded for motor vehicle drivers and passengers.

关键词： Superior Cervical Spine Dislocation Fracture Wiring Screwing neurovegetative Disorders

Holocene soils and relict paleosols, southern coast ranges,California, USA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S1期44卷 15-19页

作者： W.D.neTTLeToN B.R.BRASHeR e.C.BeNHAM o.A.CHADWICK USDA-NRCS NSSC SSL Lincoln NE 68508 and Dept. of Geography U. C. Santa Barbara CA

Thirty-nine soils were studied on Holocene and late Pleistocene geomorphic ***, sandstone, and alluvium derived from these rocks are the parent materials. Climateis mediterranean. Chamise （Adenostoma faciculatum） is on the drier sites and redwood （Sequoiasempervirens） on the moister sites. our objectives are twofold, （1） Find if today’s two-season wet-dry, subhumid climate explains the general noncalcic nature of the soils, or if not （2） accept thattheir noncalcic nature results from more moist past climates and define some indicator soilproperties. The depth to carbonate in the soils formed in calcareous materials on Holocenesurfaces corresponds roughly to the average annual depth of water movement, not to the predictedwettest years. We accept then, that the relict paleosols formed under one or more pluvial cyclesbecause they are free of carbonate below their B horizons. Defined levels of pedon clayaccumulation, dithionite-citrate extractable Fe （Fed） accumulation in the B horizons, cationexchange capacity at pH 7 （CeC7） to clay ratios, and the minimum base saturation at pH 7 （BS7） inthe pedons are useful properties for separating these relict paleosols from the Holocene age soils.A further evidence of the relict nature of the soils on the Pleistocene surfaces is the weatheringreversal noted in these previously weathered materials.

关键词： geomorphic surfaces weathering paleoclimates leaching

Risk of colon cancer in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer patients as predicted by fuzzy modeling:Influence of smoking

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4485-4491页

作者： Rhonda M Brand David D Jones Henry T Lynch Randall e Brand Patrice Watson Ramesh Ashwathnayaran Hemant K Roy Department of Internal medicine Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern UniversityEvanston ILUinted States Department of Biological Systems engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln NEUinted States Hereditary Cancer Institute Creighton UniversityUinted States

AIM： To investigate whether a fuzzy logic model could predict colorectal cancer （CRC） risk engendered by smoking in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） patients. meTHoDS： Three hundred and forty HNPCC mismatch repair （MMR） mutation carriers from the Creighton University Hereditary Cancer Institute Registry were selected for modeling. Age-dependent curves were generated to elucidate the joint effects between gene mutation （hMLH1 or hMSH2）, gender, and smoking status on the probability of developing CRC. ReSULTS： Smoking significantly increased CRC risk in male hMSH2 mutation carriers （P 〈 0.05）. hMLH1 mutations augmented CRC risk relative to hMSH2 mutation carriers for males （P 〈 0.05）. Males had a significantly higher risk of CRC than females for hMLH1 non smokers （P 〈 0.05）, hMLH1 smokers （P 〈 0.1） and hMSH2 smokers （P 〈 0.1）. Smoking promoted CRC in a dose-dependent manner in hMSH2 in males （P 〈 0.05）. Females with hMSH2 mutations and both sexes with the hMLH1 groups only demonstrated a smoking effect after an extensive smoking history （P 〈 0.05）. CoNCLUSIoN： CRC promotion by smoking in HNPCC patients is dependent on gene mutation, gender and age. These data demonstrate that fuzzy modeling may enable formulation of clinical risk scores, thereby allowing individualization of CRC prevention strategies.

关键词： Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer Lynch syndrome Smoking Colorectal cancer Fuzzy modeling Risk assessment

Multi-length scale modeling of carburization,martensitic microstructure evolution and fatigue properties of steel gears

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 157-165页

作者： edward Charles Henry Crawford o’Brien Hemantha Kumar yeddu School of engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUnited Kingdom

Multi-length scale modeling is performed to(i)predict the carburized case depth of SAe8620 steel gears by solving the Fick’s second law of diffusion,(ii)model the martensitic microstructure evolution in a grain inside the carburized case as well as to study the effect of stress cycling on retained austenite(RA)and martensite using a 3D phase-field model,(iii)simulate the effect of carburization and different RA contents on macroscale fatigue behavior of SAe8620 steel spur gear using the finite element *** diffusion model predicts that the case depth increases with increasing heat treatment time and *** phase-field simulations show that RA can transform to martensite during fatigue loading,where the extent of the transformation will depend on the type of stresses applied,*** in a high stress regime or low stress regime of fatigue *** transformation of martensite to austenite is also observed in low RA sample under high stress *** macroscale simulations show that the carburized case with high RA gives rise to better fatigue life compared to that with low RA.

关键词： Phase-field model Martensitic transformation Microstructure Gear steel Carburization

Why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ is a myth

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National Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 156-174页

作者： Robert A.Spicer Tao Su Paul J.Valdes Alexander Farnsworth Fei-Xiang Wu Gongle Shi Teresa e.V.Spicer Zhekun Zhou CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Plant ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of Sciences School of environment Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open University School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Key Laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and Human origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

The often-used phrase ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ implies a flat-surfaced Tibet rose as a coherent entity, and that uplift was driven entirely by the collision and northward movement of India. Here, we argue that these are misconceptions derived in large part from simplistic geodynamic and climate modeling, as well as proxy misinterpretation. The growth of Tibet was a complex process involving mostly mesozoic collisions of several Gondwanan terranes with Asia, thickening the crust and generating complex relief before the arrival of India. In this review, earth system modeling, paleoaltimetry proxies and fossil finds contribute to a new synthetic view of the topographic evolution of Tibet. A notable feature overlooked in previous models of plateau formation was the persistence through much of the Cenozoic of a wide east–west orientated deep central valley, and the formation of a plateau occurred only in the late neogene through compression and internal sedimentation.

关键词： Tibet paleoaltimetry paleogeography paleontology Himalaya

Contrasting sorption behaviours affecting groundwater arsenic concentration in Kandal Province,Cambodia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1701-1713页

作者： Laura A. Richards Maria J. Casanueva-Marenco Daniel Magnone Chansopheaktra Sovann Bart e. van Dongen David A. Polya School of earth and environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular environmental Science The University of ManchesterWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of BiomoleculesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of CádizCádizSpain School of Geography University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnLincolnshireLN6 7TSUK Department of environmental Science Royal University of Phnom PenhPhnom PenhCambodia

Natural arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater which provides drinking water and/or irrigation supplies remains a major public health issue,particularly in South and Southeast Asia.A number of studies have evaluated various aspects of the biogeochemical controls on As mobilization in aquifers typical to this region,however many are predicated on the assumption that key biogeochemical processes may be deduced by sampled water *** validity of this assumption has not been clearly established even though the role of sorption/desorption of As and other heavy metals onto Fe/Mn (hydr) oxides is an important control in As ***,selective chemical extractions of sand-rich and clay-rich sediments from an As-affected aquifer in Kandal Province,Cambodia,were undertaken to explore the potential role of partial re-equilibrium through sorption/desorption reactions of As and related solutes (Fe,Mn and P) between groundwater and the associated solid aquifer *** general,groundwater As is strongly affected by both pH and eh throughout the study ***,contrasting sorption behaviour is observed in two distinct sand-dominated (T-Sand) and clay dominated (T-Clay) transects,and plausibly attributed to differing dominant lithologies,biogeochemical and/or hydrogeological ***/desorption processes appear to be re-setting groundwater As concentrations in both transects,but to varying extents and in different *** T-Sand,which is typically highly reducing,correlations suggest that dissolved As may be sequestered by sorption/re-adsorption to Fe-bearing mineral phases and/or sedimentary organic matter;in T-Clay eh is a major control on As mobilization although binding/occlusion of Fe-bearing minerals to sedimentary organic matter may also *** linear regression analysis was conducted with groups categorised by transect and by eh,and the output correlations support the contrasting sorption behaviours encountered in this study area.I

关键词： Arsenic Groundwater Partial equilibrium Sorption Water-rock interactions Cambodia