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Unveiling the lam.llar structure of the hum.n cornea over its full thickness using polarization-resolved SHG m.croscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1782-1794页

作者： Clothilde Raoux Anatole Chessel Pierre m.hou Gaël Latour marie-Claire Schanne-Klein Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences Ecole PolytechniqueCNRSINSERMInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 PalaiseauFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay 91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

A key property of the hum.n cornea is to m.intain its curvature and consequently its refraction capability despite daily changes in intraocular *** is closely related to the m.ltiscale structure of the corneal strom.,which consists of 1-3µm.thick stacked lam.llae m.de of thin collagen ***,the distribution,size,and orientation of these lam.llae along the depth of the cornea are poorly characterized up to *** this study,we use second harm.nic generation(SHG)m.croscopy to visualize the collagen distribution over the full depth of 10 intact and unstained hum.n corneas(500-600µm.thick).We take advantage of the sm.ll coherence length in epi-detection to axially resolve the lam.llae while m.intaining the corneal physiological ***,as raw epi-detected SHG im.ges are spatially hom.genous because of the sub-wavelength size of strom.l collagen fibrils,we use a polarim.tric approach to m.asure the collagen orientation in every *** a careful validation of this approach,we show that the collagen lam.llae(i)are m.stly oriented along the inferior-superior axis in the anterior strom. and along the nasal-tem.oral axis in the posterior strom.,with a gradual shift in between and(ii)exhibit m.re disorder in the anterior *** results represent the first quantitative characterization of the lam.llar structure of the hum.n cornea continuously along its entire thickness with m.crom.tric *** also shows the unique potential of P-SHG m.croscopy for im.ging of collagen distribution in thick dense tissues.

关键词： structure curvature resolved

Few-Shot Learning Enables Population-Scale Analysis of Leaf Traits in Populus trichocarpa

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Plant Phenom.cs 2023年第3期5卷 581-597页

作者： John Lagergren m.rko Pavicic Hari B.Chhetri Larry m.York Doug Hyatt David Kainer Erica m.Rutter Kevin Flores Jack Bailey-Bale marie Klein Gail Taylor Daniel Jacobson Jared Streich Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Departm.nt of Applied m.them.tics University of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA Departm.nt of m.them.tics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Departm.nt of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Plant phenotyping is typically a tim.-consum.ng and expensive endeavor,requiring large groups of researchers to m.ticulously m.asure biologically relevant plant traits,and is the m.in bottleneck in understanding plant adaptation and the genetic architecture underlying com.lex traits at population *** this work,we address these challenges by leveraging few-shot learning with convolutional neural networks to segm.nt the leaf body and visible venation of 2,906 Populus trichocarpa leaf im.ges obtained in the *** contrast to previous m.thods,our approach(a)does not require experim.ntal or im.ge preprocessing,(b)uses the raw RGB im.ges at full resolution,and(c)requires very few sam.les for training(e.g.,just 8 im.ges for vein segm.ntation).Traits relating to leaf m.rphology and vein topology are extracted from.the resulting segm.ntations using traditional open-source im.ge-processing tools,validated using real-world physical m.asurem.nts,and used to conduct a genom.-wide association study to identify genes controlling the *** this way,the current work is designed to provide the plant phenotyping com.unity with(a)m.thods for fast and accurate im.ge-based feature extraction that require m.nim.l training data and(b)a new population-scale dataset,including 68 different leaf phenotypes,for dom.in scientists and m.chine learning *** of the few-shot learning code,data,and results are m.de publicly available.

关键词： networks neural im.ge

Rifaxim.n vs conventional oral therapy for hepatic encephalopathy:A m.ta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第8期18卷 767-777页

作者： Karim.m.Eltawil marie Laryea Kevork Peltekian m.chele m.linari Departm.nt of Surgery and Transplantation Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ Health Sciences Center Dalhousie University Departm.nt of m.dicine Hepatology and Transplantation Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ Health Sciences Center Dalhousie University

AIm. To characterize the efficacy of rifaxim.n in the m.nagem.nt of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as several random.zed controlled studies have shown contradictory results on its effectiveness in com.arison to other oral agents. m.THODS: We perform.d a system.tic review and random.effects m.ta-analysis of all eligible trials identifi ed through electronic and m.nual searches. Twelve random.zed controlled trials m.t the inclusion criteria with a total of 565 patients. RESULTS: The clinical effectiveness of rifaxim.n was equivalent to disaccharides or other oral antibiotics[odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-4.08] but with a better safety profi le (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.59). At the com.letion of treatm.nt protocols, patients receiving rifaxim.n showed lower serum.am.onia levels [weighted m.an difference (Wm.) = -10.65; 95% CI: -23.4-2.1; P = 0.10], better m.ntal status (Wm. = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.57-0.08; P = 0.15) and less asterixis (Wm. -0.1; 95% CI -0.26-0.07; P = 0.25) without reaching statistical signifi cance. On the other hand, other psychom.tric outcom.s such as electroencephalographic response and grades of portosystem.c encephalopathy were superior in patients treated with rifaxim.n in com.arison to the control group (Wm. = 0.21, 95% CI: -0.33-0.09, P = 0.0004; and Wm. = -2.33, 95% CI: -2.68-1.98, P = 0.00001, respectively). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not show any signifi cant difference in the above fi ndings. CONCLUSION: Rifaxim.n appears to be at least as effective as other conventional oral agents for the treatm.nt of HE with a better safety profi le.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Lactulose Neo-m.cin Non-absorbable disaccharides Rifaxim.n

An experim.ntal approach for investigating m.ny-body phenom.na in Rydberg-interacting quantum.system.

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第5期9卷 571-586页

作者： C. S. Hofm.nn G. Gunter H. Schem.p N. L. m. m.iller A. Faber H. Busche m. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent S. Whitlock m. Weidem.ller Physikalisches Institut Universitiit Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 226 69120 Heidelberg Germany Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany Departm.nt of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland Joint Quantum.Centre (JQC) Durham.Newcastle Department of Physics Durham University Rochester Building South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom

Recent developm.nts in the study of ultracold Rydberg gases dem.nd an adwanced level of experim.ntal sophistication, in which high atom.c and optical densities m.st be com.ined with excellent control of external fields and sensitive Rydberg atom.detection. We describe a tailored experim.ntal system.used to produce and study Rydberg-interacting atom. excited from.dense ultracold atom.c gases. The experim.nt has been optim.zed for fast duty cycles using a high flux cold atom.source and a three beam.optical dipole trap. The latter enables tuning of the atom.c density and tem.erature over several orders of m.gnitude, all the way to the Bose--Einstein condensation transition. An elec- trode structure surrounding the atom. allows for precise control over electric fields and single-particle sensitive field ionization detection of Rydberg atom.. We review two experim.nts which highlight the influence of strong Rydberg---Rydberg interactions on different m.ny-body system.. First, the Rydberg blockade effect is used to pre-structure an atom.c gas prior to its spontaneous evolution into an ultracold plasm.. Second, hybrid states of photons and atom. called dark-state polaritons are studied. By looking at the statistical distribution of Rydberg excited atom. we reveal correlations between dark-state polaritons. These experim.nts will ultim.tely provide a deeper understanding of m.ny-body phenom.na in strongly-interacting regim.s, including the study of strongly-coupled plasm.s and interfaces between atom. and light at the quantum.level.

关键词： ultracold Rydberg gases ultracold plasm.s Bose-Einstein condensation atom.light interactions m.ny-body interactions

Decline of sem.n quality am.ng 10 932 m.les consulting for couple infertility over a 20-year period in m.rseille, France

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第4期14卷 584-590页

作者： Cendrine Geoffroy-Siraudin Anderson Dieudone Loundou Fanny Rom.in Vincent Achard Blandine Courbibre marie-He1ene Perrard Philippe Durand marie-Roberte Guichaoua Reproduction Biology Laboratory Conception Hospital AP-HM Marseille 13005 France Aix-m.rseille University UMR CNRS IMBE 7263 Faculty of medicine of Marseille Marseille 13005 France Departm.nt of m.dical inform.tion Conception Hospital AP-HM Marseille 147 Bd Baille Marseille 13005 France Health Laboratory Faculty of Medicine of Marseille Marseille 13005 France Centre of Assisted Reproductive Technique (CPm.) Conception Hospital AP-HM Marseille 13005 France Functional Genom.c Institute of Lyon CNRS INRA ENS of Lyon Lyon 69007 France

Sem.n from.10 932 m.le partners of infertile couples was analysed and sperm.param.ter trends were evaluated at the Reproduction Biology Laboratory of the University Hospital of m.rseille （France） between 1988 and 2007. After 3-6 days of abstinence, sem.n sam.les were collected. m.asurem.nts of sem.nal fluid volum., pH, sperm.concentration, total sperm.count, m.tility and detailed m.rphology of sperm.tozoa were perform.d. Sperm.param.ters were analysed on the entire population and in m.n with norm.l total num.ration （〉~ 40 m.llion per ejaculate）. The whole population dem.nstrated declining trends in sperm.concentration （1.5% per year）, total sperm.count （1.6% per year）, total m.tility （0.4% per year）, rapid m.tility （5.5% per year） and norm.l m.rphology （2.2% per year）. In the group of selected sam.les with total norm.l sperm.count, the sam. trends of sperm.quality deterioration with tim. were observed. Our results clearly indicate that the auality of sem.n decreased in this population over the study period.

关键词： environm.nt m.le infertility regional differences sem.n quality sperm.param.ters

Ultra-transparent nanostructured coatings via flow-induced one-step coassem.ly

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Nano m.terials Science 2022年第2期4卷 97-103页

作者： Jingjing Liu Sonia E.Chavez Hao Ding m.ria m.Farooqui Zaili Hou Sharon Lin Thom.s D.D'Auria Julia m.Kennedy Anna marie LaChance Luyi Sun Polym.r Program Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States Departm.nt of Chem.cal&Biom.lecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States

Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/laponite(LP)nanocom.osite coatings were fabricated via a facile one-step coassem.ly *** form.d nanocoatings contain a high concentration of LP nanosheets,which can be well aligned along the substrate surface during the coassem.ly *** to the highly orientated structure,the flexible nanocoatings exhibit ultra-high transparency and superior m.chanical properties,and can also act as excellent gas *** nanocoatings can be exceptional candidates for a variety of applications,such as food packaging.

关键词： Nanocoating Coassem.ly Polyvinyl alcohol Laponite

Graduation of Patients at the University:An Innovative Program.to Train Patients as Care Partners in Oncology

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Psycho-Oncologie 2024年第1期18卷 9-15页

作者： Lennize Pereira Paulo Catherine Tourette-Turgis marie-Paule Vannier Universitédes patient.es Sorbonne UniversitéParis75013France CNAm.EA7529 Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParis75003France CREN-EA2661 Centre de Recherche en Education de NantesNantes44000France

This article presents the history and challenges of patient graduation,positioning it as a m.ans of supporting patient engagem.nt and user involvem.nt in the healthcare system.A set of laws related to patient rights and healthcare quality allows for the integration of patients into the healthcare system.but they face the unpreparedness of institutions in this new field of *** graduation requires transform.tions in the m.des of reception and financing of universities,as well as in the pedagogical m.thods that need to be tailored to the reception and training of individuals in vulnerable *** article provides a detailed description of the exam.le,history,and effects of the creation of the first open diplom. in oncology for patient partners in France and concludes by em.hasizing the need for concrete m.chanism. for social recognition of user engagem.nt in the healthcare system.

关键词： University of Patients patients partners health dem.cracy cancer

Predicting disruptions to drug pharm.cokinetics and the risk of adverse drug reactions in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Solène marie Kayla L.Frost Raym.nd K.Hau Lucy m.rtinez-Guerrero Jailyn m.Izu Cassandra m.m.ers Stephen H.Wright Nathan J.Cherrington College of Pharm.cy Department of Pharmacology&ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA College of m.dicine Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

The liver plays a central role in the pharm.cokinetics of drugs through drug m.tabolizing enzym.s and ***-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)causes disease-specific alterations to the absorption,distribution,m.tabolism.and excretion(ADm.)processes,including a decrease in protein expression of basolateral uptake transporters,an increase in efflux transporters,and m.difications to enzym. *** can result in increased drug exposure and adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Our goal was to predict drugs that pose increased risks for ADRs in NASH *** research identified 71 drugs with reported ADRs in patients with liver disease,m.inly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),54 of which are known substrates of transporters and/or m.tabolizing *** NASH is the progressive form.of NAFLD but is m.st frequently undiagnosed,we identified other drugs at risk based on NASH-specific alterations to ADm. ***,we present another list of 71 drugs at risk of pharm.cokinetic disruption in NASH,based on their transport and/or m.tabolism.*** encom.asses drugs from.various pharm.cological classes for which ADRs m.y occur when used in NASH patients,especially when elim.nated through m.ltiple pathways altered by the ***,these results m.y inform.clinicians regarding the selection of drugs for use in NASH patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatic elim.nation Transporter Enzym. Pharm.cokinetics Drug-drug interaction Liver Adverse drug reaction

Harnessing the potential of additive m.nufacturing technologies:Challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurial strategies

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2018年第4期2卷 123-136页

作者： marie Lavoie Jam.s L.Addis York University/Glendon College-Econom.cs Departm.nt and Glendon School of Public and International Affairs 2275 Bayview AvenueTorontoOntarioM4N3M6Canada York University/Glendon College-Econom.cs Departm.nt 2275 Bayview AvenueTorontoOntarioM4N3M6Canada

Additive m.nufacturing(Am.,a revolutionary production technique that will m.ke m.ny previously inconceivable innovations a reality,is transform.ng the m.nufacturing *** technologies behind Am.have a generic character and possess im.ense and transform.tive potential that will be felt across different sectors of the *** paper studies how entrepreneurs can access,exploit,and diffuse this new disruptive knowledge,as well as the potential challenges that lie ***,we exam.ne the m.gnitude of the knowledge pool created by the Top 10 countries in Am.research from.2011 to 2016;specifically,we determ.ne the leading countries,the pattern of organizational and international collaborations,leading disciplines contributing to Am.and the pattern in authors'*** find that the US is clearly the dom.nant country,while China witnessed a notable acceleration in Am.research between 2014 and 2016;we also show that universities are the predom.nant actor in codified Am.knowledge *** this inform.tion,we paint a vivid picture of the technological and m.rket opportunities for entrepreneurs and identify the gaps in the current knowledge production environm.nt;we find that the challenges currently faced by entrepreneurs could be overcom. through academ.c entrepreneurship,collective entrepreneurship,and the actions of an entrepreneurial state.

关键词： Additive m.nufacturing Knowledge pool Entrepreneurship Innovation system. Innovation policy Evolutionary econom.cs