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Contribution of Genomic Surveillance in the Detection and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Variants during the 6 Pandemic Waves in the Central African Republic from 2020 to 2023

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第3期12卷 151-164页

作者： Clotaire Donatien Rafaï Ernest Lango-Yaya marie Roseline Darnicka Belizaire Ouoko Fa-Ti-Gbia Maurel Annicet Adonis Marcel Mbeko Simaleko Jean-Baptiste Roungou Oscar Senzongo Karl G. Njuwa Fai Boniface Koffi National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health of Bangui Bangui Republic Central African University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Ministry of Health and Population Bangui Central African Republic Africa CDC Addis-Abeba Ethiopia Homegrown Solutions for Health Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen diagnosis and genomic surveillance capacities. In 2021, Central African managed five waves of COVID-19 by integrating genomic surveillance into their health monitoring system. This study sought to report surveillance data from the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health and describe the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, descriptive observational study spans three years, from April 2020 to November 2023. It was conducted on a population of consenting volunteers from across the Central African Republic, who were tested using RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal samples. Data with sufficient information were obtained from the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (LNBCSP) databases. Sequencing was largely carried out at the National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB) in Kinshasa until May 2023, and subsequently at the LNBCSP. Results and Discussion: Out of 97,864 RT-PCR tests performed, 9,764 were positive, resulting in a prevalence of 9.98%. The average age of the patients was 39.97 years ± 13.76, and the male-to-female sex ratio was 2.12. RT-PCR test positivity was significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.013) and clinical manifestations. Ten variants circulated during the five recorded waves, with Omicron (B.1.1.529), Delta (B.1.617.2) variants being predominant. Notably, the B.1.620 and B.640 variants were prominent during the second wave. Conclusion: This retrospective study provides key insights into the COVID-19 pandemic in the CAR. It identifies risk factors and details the circulation of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Enhancing national genomic surveillance capacities would enable the country to better respond to future pandemic challenges.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Variants Central African Republic RT-PCR

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Experimental Study of Aerodynamic Behavior in Wind Tunnels with Ornithopter and Plane Models

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第1期15卷 54-58页

作者： marie-Francoise SCIBILIA Jan WOJCIECHOWSKI Centre National de la Recherche Scientiflque France. Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics Warsaw University of Technology Poland.

There are similarities between planes and birds. In fact aerodynamics bases are the same. In order to make some comparisons, this paper presents two series of experiments ： one in a wind tunnel with an omithopter model for measurements of aerodynamic forces with flapping wings. The wing movement has two degrees of freedom flapping around the longitudinal axis of the model and feathering around the wing axis. Measurements of aerodynamic forces： rift and drag in static case averaging values during many cycles of movement and in dynamic case have been performed. The other part of the paper concerns velocity and turbulence measurements on a metal plane wall jet in a wind tunnel with and without a rough surface, with and without acoustic vibrations in order to simulate a plane wing. Aerodynamic characteristics have been obtained in all cases.

关键词： wind tunnel aerodynamics characteristics ornithopter model plane wall jet.

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Multiplexing technology for in vitro diagnosis of pathogens： the key contribution of phosphorus dendrimers

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Science China Materials 2018年第11期61卷 1454-1461页

作者： Jean Pierre Majoral Jean marie Francois Richard Fabre Alice Senescau Serge Mignani Anne-marie Caminade Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4France LCC-CNRS Universit6 de Toulouse CNRSToulouseFrance Dendris 31670 LabegeFrance LISBP UMR CNRS 5504 INRA 79231077 Toulouse Cedex 04France Universite Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cite CNRS-UMR 860Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicolgique75006 ParisFrance

After the microbiology based on Pasteur's method and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), the diagnosis company named Dendris has proposed a third-generation of diagnosis enabling the search of a broad range of pathogens with strong sensitivity and specificity. This extraordinary profile was possible thanks to the use of phosphorus dendrimers for which various techniques of deposition on a given support were investigated and described and analyzed in this report.

关键词： phosphorus dendrimers diagnosis DNA arrays multiplexing technology

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Matrix Roots and Embedding Conditions for Three-State Discrete-Time Markov Chains with Complex Eigenvalues

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2022年第3期10卷 435-450页

作者： marie-Anne Guerry Department of Business Technology and Operations Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium

The present paper examines matrix root properties and embedding conditions for discrete-time Markov chains with three states and a transition matrix having complex *** as well as sufficient conditions for the existence of an m-th stochastic root of the transition matrix are *** roots are expressed in analytical form based on the spectral decomposition of the transition matrix,and properties of these matrix roots are proved.

关键词： Markov chain Embedding problem Matrix root Complex eigenvalues

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Effects of indole-3-butyric acid and age of stem cuttings on root morphology,growth,and survival of Cornus sericea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 433-440页

作者： Sahari Inoue Chibuzo Ilogu Jean-marie Sobze Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Centre for Boreal ResearchPeace RiverAB T8S 1R2Canada Fine Phenotyping Lab Crop Health and ProtectionHarpenden AL52JQUK

Red osier dogwood(Cornus sericea L.),widely distributed throughout North America,is essential for wildlife,thus *** is recommended for reclamation or revegetation of sites disturbed by oil and gas extraction because it tolerates a wide range of soil types and high pH *** germination of this species is extremely difficult with long stratification requirements and poor germination,cuttings facilitate *** this study,to develop techniques to propagate the species from stem cuttings,four concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)and two cutting ages previous year’s growth(PYG)and current year’s growth(CYG)were investigated for survival and *** 4 months,survival rate,height growth,and shoot biomass from PYG cuttings were enhanced with IB *** contrast,IB A did not affect these parameters in CYG *** morphology was significantly affected by IB A concentration and cutting ***,at higher concentrations,increased root surface and *** root surface area and length of PYG cuttings were increased,which may facilitate the absorption of essential resources and consequently increase *** results indicate that increasing the concentration of IB A may be an effective way to have better plant survival and growth of previous year’s cuttings in red osier dogwood.

关键词： Vegetative propagation IBA Chronological age Cornus sericea L. Survival rate

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Billiards Optimization Algorithm:A New Game-Based Metaheuristic Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5283-5300页

作者： Hadi Givi marie Hubálovská Department of Electrical Engineering Shahreza CampusUniversity of IsfahanIran Department of Technics Faculty of EducationUniversity of Hradec KraloveCzech Republic

Metaheuristic algorithms are one of themost widely used stochastic approaches in solving optimization *** this paper,a new metaheuristic algorithm entitled Billiards Optimization Algorithm(BOA)is proposed and designed to be used in optimization *** fundamental inspiration in BOA design is the behavior of the players and the rules of the billiards *** steps of BOA are described and then its mathematical model is thoroughly *** efficiency of BOA in dealing with optimization problems is evaluated through optimizing twenty-three standard benchmark functions of different types including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensionalmultimodal *** order to analyze the quality of the results obtained by BOA,the performance of the proposed approach is compared with ten well-known *** simulation results show that BOA,with its high exploration and exploitation abilities,achieves an impressive performance in providing solutions to objective functions and is superior and far more competitive compared to the ten competitor algorithms.

关键词： Optimization game-based billiards game exploration exploitation metaheuristic algorithm

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Management of Vulnating Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Burkina Faso

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第2期13卷 135-148页

作者： Ibrahima Diallo Aboubacar Gouéta Alseny Camara Assoumi Anatou Biga Mama Brigitte Ouoba Edi Emmanuel Martial Nao Moustapha Sérémé Bertin Priva Ouédraogo Yvette marie Chantal Gyébré Abdoulaye Keita Alpha Oumar Diallo ENT and HNS Department Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ENT and HNS Department Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ENT and HNS Department Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ENT and HNS Department Conakry University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Esophageal foreign bodies (EFB) are a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency because of the serious complications they can cause. Aim: This paper aimed to study the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery departments of the Yalgado Ouedraogo and Bogodogo University Hospital. Methodology: This was an analytic cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over 10 years (2012-2021). Results: We collected 91 cases of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies, i.e. 9.1 cases/year (4.7%). The mean age of the patients was 14 ± 19 years. The sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by accidental ingestion of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies (98.9%). The average time to consultation was 7.5 hours. Dysphagia was the dominant symptom (64.8%). Cervico-thoracic radiography found dual contour radiopaque images in 71.4%. Esophagoscopy with rigid tube was performed in 97.8%. The average time for extraction of the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies was 8 hours. Vulnerating esophageal foreign bodies were non-organic in 84.6%. The button cell represented 64.8%. Their location was cervical in 61.5% intraoperatively. The lesion assessment found ulcerative lesions in 42.9% (p Conclusion: Vulnating esophageal foreign bodies are relatively frequent in our ENT practice. Although their diagnosis is often easy, their treatment is still difficult and requires multidisciplinary management. Thus, for us, prevention remains the first effective weapon.

关键词： Foreign Bodies Esophagus Vulnerable Management Sequelae

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Integration between Genomic and Computational Statistical Surveys for the Screening of SNP Genetic Variants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Pediatric Patients*

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2024年第3期14卷 146-191页

作者： Dago Dougba Noel Koffi N’Guessan Bénédicte Sonia Dagnogo Olefongo Daramcoum Wentoin Alimata marie-Pierre Mauro Giacomelli Dagnogo Dramane Eboulé Ago Eliane Rebecca Yao Saraka Didier Martial Diarrassouba Nafan Giovanni Malerba Raffaele Badolato Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Brescia Italy Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine Childrens Hospital ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy Unit of Biostatistics and Biomathematics & Unit of Bioinformatics Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy Biological Sciences Training and Research Unit Department of Genetic and Biochemistry Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo Cte dIvoire Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Section of Biology and Genetics University of Verona Verona Italy Biosciences Training and Research Unit Biology and Health Laboratory Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex multifactorial disorders that include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Considering that IBD is a genetic and multifactorial disease, we screened for the distribution dynamism of IBD pathogenic genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms;SNPs) and risk factors in four (4) IBD pediatric patients, by integrating both clinical exome sequencing and computational statistical approaches, aiming to categorize IBD patients in CD and UC phenotype. To this end, we first aligned genomic read sequences of these IBD patients to hg19 human genome by using bowtie 2 package. Next, we performed genetic variant calling analysis in terms of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for genes covered by at least 20 read genomic sequences. Finally, we checked for biological and genomic functions of genes exhibiting statistically significant genetic variant (SNPs) by introducing Fitcon genomic parameter. Findings showed Fitcon parameter as normalizing IBD patient’s population variability, as well as inducing a relative good clustering between IBD patients in terms of CD and UC phenotypes. Genomic analysis revealed a random distribution of risk factors and as well pathogenic SNPs genetic variants in the four IBD patient’s genome, claiming to be involved in: i) Metabolic disorders, ii) Autoimmune deficiencies;iii) Crohn’s disease pathways. Integration of genomic and computational statistical analysis supported a relative genetic variability regarding IBD patient population by processing IBD pathogenic SNP genetic variants as opposite to IBD risk factor variants. Interestingly, findings clearly allowed categorizing IBD patients in CD and UC phenotypes by applying Fitcon parameter in selecting IBD pathogenic genetic variants. Considering as a whole, the study suggested the efficiency of integrating clinical exome sequencing and computational statistical tools as a right approach in discriminating IBD phenotypes as well as improvi

关键词： Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Crohn Disease (CD) Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Clinical Exome Analysis Computational Statistic SNP Genetic Variants

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Public Participation Applied to the Environmental Planning

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2005年第2期8卷 152-156页

作者： Vognimary marie Odette School of Resource and Environment Science Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 Chinapostgraduate

This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public participation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar.

关键词： public participative local population decision making for environmentaleffects project

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Management of Mandibular Fractures in Children in Ivory Coast: Experience of the Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at the University Hospital of Cocody from 2000 to 2019

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第7期14卷 341-349页

作者： Bakary Ouattara Camille Assouan Laurent Boka Koffi Konan René Kouakou Ake Lucien Jonathan Yapo Annick Zoglo-Bro Ahi Morel Mounin Chapo Affoué Linda marie Pierre Koffi Kahder Morel Diarra Atse Kobo N’Guessan Konan Marc Koffi Department of Stomatology Maxillofacial Surgery University Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Republic of Ivory Coast Department of Oral Pathology University Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Republic of Ivory Coast

Introduction: Mandibular fractures in children are becoming increasingly common. Treatment of these fractures is difficult due to their anatomical and physiological complexity. Therefore, there is a need for well-codified management. Our main aim was to develop a decision algorithm for the management of mandibular fractures in children based on our experience. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University Hospital of Cocody over a period of 20 years (2000-2019). Results: We enrolled 58 patients. The mean age of the patients was 9.35 ± 2.3 years with a sex ratio of 2.22. Traffic accidents were the main cause of mandibular fractures (60.35%). Condylar fractures were the most common (46.87%). Treatment was orthopedic in 45.76% of cases, mixed (orthopedic and surgical) in 24.14% and surgical in 5.17%. Patients were followed up weekly for 1 month, then monthly for 6 months and annually for 3 years, with panoramic radiographs of the maxilla starting at 21 days. We observed 2 cases of complications: temporomandibular ankylosis and gingival stomatitis. Conclusion: Mandibular fractures are common in children. Management is difficult due to anatomical and physiological peculiarities. The choice of treatment depends on several criteria.

关键词： Fractures Mandible Children Treatment Ivory Coast

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