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Genomic selection in plant breeding:Key factors shaping two decades of progress

Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 552-578页

作者： Admas Alemu Johanna Astrand Osval A.Montesinos-López Julio Isidro y Sanchez Javier Fernandez-Gónzalez Wuletaw Tadesse Ramesh R.Vetukuri Anders S.carlsson Alf Ceplitis JoséCrossa Rodomiro Ortiz Aakash Chawade Department of Plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden Lantmannen Lantbruk SvalövSweden Facultad de Telematica University de ColimaColimaColima 28040Mexico Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas(CBGP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo-UPM28223 MadridSpain International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) RabatMorocco International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Km 45Carretera México-VeracruzTexcocoMéxico 52640Mexico

Genomic selection,the application of genomic prediction(GP)models to select candidate individuals,has significantly advanced in the past two decades,effectively accelerating genetic gains in plant *** article provides a holistic overview of key factors that have influenced GP in plant breeding during this *** delved into the pivotal roles of training population size and genetic diversity,and their relationship with the breeding population,in determining GP *** emphasis was placed on optimizing training population *** explored its benefits and the associated diminishing returns beyond an optimum *** was done while considering the balance between resource allocation and maximizing prediction accuracy through current optimization *** density and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,level of linkage disequilibrium,genetic complexity,trait heritability,statistical machine-learning methods,and non-additive effects are the other vital *** wheat,maize,and potato as examples,we summarize the effect of these factors on the accuracy of GP for various *** search for high accuracy in GP—theoretically reaching one when using the Pearson’s correlation as a metric—is an active research area as yet far from optimal for various *** hypothesize that with ultra-high sizes of genotypic and phenotypic datasets,effective training population optimization methods and support from other omics approaches(transcriptomics,metabolomics and proteomics)coupled with deep-learning algorithms could overcome the boundaries of current limitations to achieve the highest possible prediction accuracy,making genomic selection an effective tool in plant breeding.

关键词： genomic selection genetic gain genomic prediction optimization deep learning training population optimization

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Nursing in a Globalized World: Nursing Students with International Study Experience Report Higher Competence at Graduation

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第12期4卷 848-858页

作者： Jan Nilsson marianne carlsson Eva Johansson Ann-Charlotte Egmar Jan Florin Janeth Leksell Christina Lindholm Gun Nordstrom Kersti Theander Bodil Wilde-Larsson Margret Lepp Ann Gardulf Department of Health Sciences Faculty of HealthScienceand TechnologyKarlstad UniversityKarlstadSweden The Japanese Red Cross Institute for Humanitarian Studies TokyoJapan Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Gavle University GavleSweden Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and SocietyDivision of NursingKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden The Red Cross University College StockholmSweden Department of Learning InformaticsManagement and EthicsMedical Management CentreKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden School of Health and Social Studies Dalarna UniversityFalunSweden Sophiahemmet University StockholmSweden 1 Department of Nursing Hedmark University CollegeHedmarkNorway 1 Primary Care Research Unit County Council of VarmlandSweden 1 Institute of Health and Care Science University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden 1 Ostfold University College HaldenNorway 1 Unit for Clinical Nursing Research Immunotherapy and ImmunologyDivision of Clinical ImmunologyDepartment of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska Institutet at Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden

Due to globalization, there is a need for nurses with skills and competence in providing safe, competent and culturally appropriate care. The aim of the study was to investigate whether International Study Experiences (ISE) in other countries during basic nursing education had an impact on newly graduated nurses as regards to self-reported competence. Moreover, a second aim was to explore what background factors that facilitated or constituted a hindrance for nursing students to choose to conduct part of their basic nursing education abroad. At 11 Universities/University Colleges (henceforth called Higher Education Institutions [HEIs]) in Sweden, 565 nursing students responded to the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale. Students with ISE rated their competence significantly higher on three NPC competence areas—“Legislation in nursing and safety planning”, “Leadership and development of nursing” and “Education and supervision of staff/students”. Background factors that significantly seemed to enhance ISE were living alone, not having children or other commitments in relation to family, international focus at the HEI and previous international experience. Lack of financial means was reported to prevent students from choosing ISE. The study implies that several background factors are of importance whether students choose ISE or not. ISE during basic nursing education might result in better self-reported competence in leading and developing nursing care, including education of future nurses, and in providing safe care.

关键词： Internationalization International Study Experience Nursing Education Self-Reported Competence

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Finding stable multi-component materials by combining cluster expansion and crystal structure predictions

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2137-2146页

作者： Adam carlsson Johanna Rosen Martin Dahlqvist Materials Design Department of PhysicsChemistryand Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversitySE-58183 LinköpingSweden

A desired prerequisite when performing a quantum mechanical calculation is to have an initial idea of the atomic positions within an approximate crystal *** atomic positions combined should result in a system located in,or close to,an energy ***,designing low-energy structures may be a challenging task when prior knowledge is scarce,specifically for large multi-component systems where the degrees of freedom are close to *** this paper,we propose a method for identification of low-energy crystal structures within multi-component systems by combining cluster expansion and crystal structure predictions with density-functional theory *** structure prediction searches are applied to the Mo_(2)AlB_(2) and Sc2AlB_(2) ternary systems to identify candidate structures,which are subsequently used to explore the quaternary(pseudo-binary)(Mo_(x)Sc_(1–x))2AlB_(2) system through the cluster expansion formalism utilizing the ground-state search ***,we show that utilizing low-energy structures found within the cluster expansion ground-state search as seed structures within crystal structure predictions of(Mo_(x)Sc_(1–x))2AlB_(2) can significantly reduce the computational *** this combined approach,we not only correctly identified the recently discovered Mo_(4/3)Sc_(2/3)AlB_(2) i-MAB phase,comprised of in-plane chemical ordering of Mo and Sc and with Al in a Kagomélattice,but also predict additional low-energy structures at various *** result demonstrates that combining crystal structure prediction with cluster expansion provides a path for identifying low-energy crystal structures in multi-component systems by employing the strengths from both frameworks.

关键词： structure cluster crystal

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The role of super-spreaders in modeling of SARS-CoV-2

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 778-794页

作者： François Rousse Marcus carlsson MagnusÖgren Benjamin Kalischer Wellander School of Science and Technology Örebro University70182ÖrebroSweden Centre for Mathematical Sciences Lund UniversityBox 11822100LundSweden Hellenic Mediterranean University P.O.Box 1939GR-71004HeraklionGreece Centrum för forskning och utveckling(CFUG)Region Gävleborg Sweden

In stochastic modeling of infectious diseases,it has been established that variations in infectivity affect the probability of a major outbreak,but not the shape of the curves during a major outbreak,which is predicted by deterministic models(Diekmann et al.,2012).However,such conclusions are derived under idealized assumptions such as the population size tending to infinity,and the individual degree of infectivity only depending on variations in the infectiousness *** this paper we show that the same conclusions hold true in a finite population representing a medium size city,where the degree of infectivity is determined by the offspring distribution,which we try to make as realistic as possible for *** particular,we consider distributions with fat tails,to incorporate the existence of *** also provide new theoretical results on convergence of stochastic models which allows to incorporate any offspring distribution with a finite variance.

关键词： COVID-19 Compartmental models SEIR SIR Offspring distribution for SARS-CoV-2

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Distributions with Maximum Spread Subject to Wasserstein Distance Constraints

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2019年第1期7卷 69-105页

作者： John Gunnar carlsson Ye Wang University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90089-4017USA

Recent research on formulating and solving distributionally robust optimization problems has seen many different approaches for describing one’s ambiguity set,such as constraints on first and second moments or *** this paper,we use theWasserstein distance to characterize the ambiguity set of distributions,which allows us to circumvent common overestimation that arises when other procedures are used,such as fixing the center of mass and the covariance matrix of the *** particular,we derive closed-form expressions for distributions that are as“spread out”as possible,and apply our result to a problem in multi-vehicle coordination.

关键词： Distributionally robust optimization Surveillance Districting

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Frequency Extrapolation through Sparse Sums of Lorentzians

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第1期25卷 117-125页

作者： Fredrik Andersson Marcus carlsson Maarten V de Hoop Centre for Mathematical Sciences Lund University Department of Mathematics Purdue University

Sparse sums of Lorentzians can give good approximations to functions consisting of linear combination of piecewise continuous functions. To each Lorentzian, two parameters are as- signed： translation and scale. These parameters can be found by using a method for complex fre- quency detection in the frequency domain. This method is based on an alternating projection scheme between Hankel matrices and finite rank operators, and have the advantage that it can be done in weighted spaces. The weighted spaces can be used to partially revoke the effect of finite band-width filters. Apart from frequency extrapolation the method provides a way of estimating discontinuity locations.

关键词： sparse sum Lorentzians Hankel matrices finite rank operator discontinuity location.

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麦瓶草种群中的花药黑粉菌感染:花的形态学变异、菌孢子散布式样及病原菌-传媒调节性选择(英文)

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2002年第1期44卷 88-96页

作者：刘登义 Ulla carlsson 安徽师范大学生物多样性研究中心芜湖241000 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science University of Ume

花药黑粉菌 (Microbotryumviolaceum)可系统侵染其寄主植物麦瓶草 (Silenedioica) ,使其不育而代之以在植物花中布满菌孢子。这些菌孢子主要由花传媒昆虫带到健康植株。花传媒昆虫对花部特征变异的行为反应不仅可能影响花粉的输入输出... 详细信息

花药黑粉菌 (Microbotryumviolaceum)可系统侵染其寄主植物麦瓶草 (Silenedioica) ,使其不育而代之以在植物花中布满菌孢子。这些菌孢子主要由花传媒昆虫带到健康植株。花传媒昆虫对花部特征变异的行为反应不仅可能影响花粉的输入输出率 ,而且影响菌孢子的着落率和植株的发病与否。为研究S .dioica雌株花部性状特征与花粉传布、菌孢子着落及由此而导致的植株染病之间的相关性 ,用采自 4个不同S .dioica种群的植物进行了移栽实验。该 4个种群均位于瑞典北部的Skeppsvik群岛 ,代表了从健康 (岛 1,种群 1) ,低度发病 (岛 2 ,种群 2 )到高度发病 (岛 3、4,种群 3、4)的发病梯度。从上述 4个不同种群中各采 5 0个植株移栽至岛 4的中部。来自健康种群的植株较来自高发病种群的植株具有较大的花 ,较长的花柱。研究发现 ,着落在花上的花粉粒数和菌孢子数呈强正相关。来自健康种群的植株每朵花上着落的花粉粒和菌孢子数分别是高发病种群 (种群 4)植株的 4倍和 9倍 ,导致来自 4个不同种群的植株的发病率存在着显著差异 ,种群 1、2、3、4的发病率分别为 37%、2 0 %、18%、0。在涉及 10个种群的田间调查研究中 ,发现种群中健康植株的平均花柱长度 (与花冠大小 ,胚珠数目正相关 )与植株的发病率显著负相关。讨论了?

关键词：麦瓶草花形态学花药黑粉菌侵染菌孢子着落式样病原体-传媒调节性选择

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Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the military operational context: the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A)

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 103-115页

作者： Jaime K.Devine Jake Choynowski Tina Burke Kajsa carlsson Vincent F.Capaldi Ashlee B.McKeon Walter J.Sowden Operational Fatigue and Performance Institutes for Behavior ResourcesBaltimoreMD 21218USA Behavioral Biology Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of Research503 Robert Grant AveSilver SpringMD 20910USA Tripler Army Medical Center HonoluluHI 96859USA

Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training ***: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.

关键词： Actigraphy Sleep-wake patterns Military sleep assessment Operational environment Scoring methodology

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EFFECTIVENESS OF BIMATOPROST 0.03% (LUMIGAN) ON MEDICALLY UNCON-TROLLED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE A.M.

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国际眼科杂志 2003年第1期3卷 29-30页

作者： carlsson A.C.Crichton Queens University University of Calgary Canada

Purpose: To review the effectiveness of bimatoprost in controlling IOP in patients who have failed on multiple medications. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 66 glaucoma patients who had previousl... 详细信息

关键词： Bimatoprost 眼内压化疗失控疗效降眼压作用

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留学瑞典的中国学生与瑞典大学生应激源及应对策略的跨文化比较

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中国临床心理学杂志 2013年第2期21卷 309-312页

作者：肖琼 Ingemar Ottosson Ingegerd carlsson 西安石油大学心理研究所西安710065 瑞典隆德大学语言与文学研究中心瑞典隆德se22100 瑞典隆德大学心理系瑞典隆德se22100

目的:比较中国在瑞典的留学生及瑞典大学生的应激源类型、应对方式及心理咨询求助倾向。方法:利用自编压力源问卷、brief COPE量表、心理咨询倾向问卷对中国在瑞典的88名留学生、183名瑞典大学生进行调查。结果:①中国留学生最大的压力... 详细信息

目的:比较中国在瑞典的留学生及瑞典大学生的应激源类型、应对方式及心理咨询求助倾向。方法:利用自编压力源问卷、brief COPE量表、心理咨询倾向问卷对中国在瑞典的88名留学生、183名瑞典大学生进行调查。结果:①中国留学生最大的压力源是"就业",瑞典学生是"学业",中国学生感受到"对生活意义的思考带来的压力"大于瑞典学生,而瑞典学生"人际关系"压力明显高于中国学生;②中国学生更多采用回避性策略应对压力,瑞典学生则更多采用工具性及情感支持性应对。③中国学生比瑞典学生在遇到心理困扰时更倾向于寻求心理咨询帮助。结论:两国学生在应激源类型、应对策略、心理咨询的倾向方面存在差异,并具有文化的原因。

关键词：中国留学生瑞典大学生应激源压力应对策略心理咨询

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