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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 231-237页

作者： Sabrina Moreyra mariana lozada Laboratorio Ecotono.Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente(INIBIOMA)—CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue QuintralBarilocheArgentina

The foraging strategy at abundant resources of the social wasp Vespula germanica includes scanning in the direction of the nest while memorizing resource-specific landmarks and contextual cues.In the present study,we sought to explore wasps'behavioral plasticity on foraging trips to resources whose location and composition changed after a single visit.We evaluated how contextual modifications of food displacement and replacements 60 cm apart from the original site,affect re-orientation for re-finding previously memorized food resources.The results showed that wasps detected and collected the resource faster when more changes were introduced on the following visit.If returning foragers discovered several modifications on both the location and the kind of resource,they collected food more rapidly from the displaced dish,than if only a single parameter in the environment had been changed.These findings illustrate the grade of behavioral plasticity in V.germanica while foraging on abundant resources,which may contribute to the understanding of the prodigious invasive success of this species in anthropized environments.

关键词： behavioral plasticity environmental conditions foraging invasive insects learning social wasps

Evidence of associative blocking during foraging in the social wasp Vespula germanica

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1103-1108页

作者： Sabrina Moreyra Paola D'Adamo mariana lozada Laboratorio Ecotono Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente(INIBIOMA)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue(CRUB)BarilocheArgentina

While foraging,Vespula germanica usually return to abundant food sites.During this relocation behavior,these wasps learn to identify contextual cues associated with food position.We analyzed associative blocking in this species,that is,how an association with a conditioned stimulus(CS1)blocks subsequent learning when a novel stimulus(CS2)is added on a second foraging visit.Three groups of wasps(A,B,and C;total 74 individual wasps)were observed while collecting meat during one or two consecutive visits.In group A,an environmental cue(CS1)was paired with food placed at a specific site,and on the second visit,a second cue(CS2)was added while food remained in the same position.In a subsequent testing phase,CS1 was removed and the food source displaced nearby.We then recorded the number of hovers performed over the empty dish(previously baited).Group A wasps appeared to ignore the addition of CS2 on their second visit because they performed fewer hovers over the learned site.For group A,the duration of the decision-making process to finally fly toward the baited dish was shorter than when CS1 and CS2 were presented together on their first visit(group B).This is the first study to demonstrate the occurrence of associative blocking in vespids,confirming that a prior foraging experience influences subsequent food relocation in V.germanica.Our findings reveal that first learning episodes block further associations with novel contextual cues,contributing to understanding of complex cognitive processes involved in V.germanica´s foraging behavior.

关键词： associative blocking foraging behavior learning prior experience social wasps

Long-term spatial memory in Vespula germanica social wasps： the influence of past experience on foraging behavior

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 853-858页

作者： Sabrina Moreyra Paola D'Adamo mariana lozada Laboratory Ecotono INIBIOMA CONICET Universidad Nacional de/Comahue Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Argentina

Social insects exhibit complex learning and memory mechanisms while for- aging. Vespula germanica （Fab.）（Hymenoptera： Vespidae） is an invasive social wasp that frequently forages on undepleted food sources, making several flights between the resource and the nest. Previous studies have shown that during this relocating behavior, wasps learn to associate food with a certain site, and can recall this association 1 h later. In this work, we evaluated whether this wasp species is capable of retrieving an established association after 24 h. For this purpose, we trained free flying individuals to collect proteinaceous food from an experimental plate （feeder） located in an experimental array. A total of 150 individuals were allowed 2, 4, or 8 visits. After the training phase, the array was re- moved and set up again 24 h later, but this time a second baited plate was placed opposite to the first. After 24 h we recorded the rate of wasps that returned to the experimental area and those which collected food from the previously learned feeding station or the nonlearned one. During the testing phase, we observed that a low rate of wasps trained with 2 collecting visits returned to the experimental area （22%）, whereas the rate of returning wasps trained with 4 or 8 collecting visits was higher （51% and 41%, respectively）. Moreover, wasps trained with 8 feeding visits collected food from the previously learned feeding station at a higher rate than those that did from the nonlearned one. In contrast, wasps trained 2 or 4 times chose both feeding stations at a similar rate. Thus, significantly more wasps returned to the previously learned feeding station after 8 repeated foraging flights but not after only 2 or 4 visits. This is the first report that demonstrates the existence of long-term spatial memory in V. germanica wasps.

关键词： foraging behavior learning long-term memory relocating behavior social wasps

The influence of past experience on wasp choice related to foraging behavior

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 759-764页

作者： Moreyra Sabrina Paola D'Adamo mariana lozada Laboratory Ecotono INIBIOMA Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Argentina

Memory has been little studied in social wasps. Vespula germanica （Fab.）（Hymenoptera： Vespidae） frequently revisits nondepleted food sources, making several trips between the resource and the nest. In this study, we analyzed this relocating behavior in order to evaluate whether this species is capable of remembering an established association after 1 h. To this end, we trained wasps to feed from a certain array. Then it was removed, setting it up again 1 h later, but this time 2 baited feeders were put in place, one at the original feeding site and the other opposite the first. We recorded the proportion of returning foragers, and their choice of feeder, after either 1 or 4 feeding trials. After 1 h, 78% of wasps trained with 4 feeding trials and 65% trained with 1, returned to the experimental area. Furthermore, during the testing phase, wasps trained with 4 feeding trials collected food from the previously learned feeder significantly more frequently than from the nonlearned one （P 〈 0.05）. In contrast, wasps that had been trained only once chose both feeders equally. Thus, memory retrieval could be observed 1 h after wasps had collected food on 4 consecutive occasions, but not after only 1. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that V. germanica is capable of remembering an association 1 h after the last associative event, demonstrating that 1 h does not impair memory retention if4 feeding experiences have occurred.

关键词： cognition foraging behavior learning memory social wasps Vespula germanica

Foraging behavior related to habitat characteristics in the invasive wasp Vespula germanica

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 383-388页

作者： PAOLA D'ADAMO mariana lozada Laboratorio Ecotono Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina

When foraging on carrion resources, the wasp Vespula germanica usually makes repeated visits to the feeding site until depleting the resource. In the present study we analyzed how environmental cues affect wasps＇ behavior when re-locating a protein food source. We studied this behavior in two different natural habitats： closed and open habitats. As closed habitats have more references to orient wasps to the feeding site than open habitats, we hypothesized that they would return to the foraging site more frequently in closed habitats than in open ones. We tested this hypothesis by studying wasp behavior in three different natural habitat conditions：（i） closed habitats, （ii） open habitats, and （iii） open habitats artificially modified by adding five sticks with flagging. Experiments consisted of training individual wasps to feed from a certain array, and at the testing phase we removed food and displaced the array by 60 cm. Therefore, we recorded wasps＇ choices when returning to the training area, by counting both the wasps＇ first approaches and the number of visits to the original feeding site and the displaced array. Wasps＇ behavior while re-locating a protein food source was different if foraging at open or closed habitats. Wasps more frequently re- visited a previous feeding location when foraging in closed habitats than when foraging in open ones. Furthermore, wasps more frequently visited the displaced array than the original feeding site in all three treatments. Nevertheless, when wasps were trained in closed habitats, they returned to the original feeding site more frequently than if trained in open ones. Interestingly, when five sticks with flagging were added in open habitats, wasps responded similarly as in closed habitats without these references. The results show that foraging behavior in V. germanica seems to be different in closed and open habitats, probably associated with the existence of references that guide foragers when re-locating undepleted resources

关键词： environmental cues food exploitation invasive species re-localization socialwasps Vespidae

Biodegradable Additive for the Construction Industry

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第6期7卷 523-525页

作者： Juan Carlos Torres lozada AIBRIM San SebastiánGuipúzcoa Spain

This paper presents the patent of a new additive for the construction industry,which is obtained from the biomass residues of the wood industry.This additive is biodegradable and has fluidifying,foaming,plasticizing and stabilizing properties.When the additive is mixed with cement binder compositions,cement mortar and concrete,lightweight,flame-retardant cellular materials,thermal and acoustic insulators are obtained.

关键词： Wood biomass waste additives construction

New Framework Based on Fusion Information from Multiple Landslide Data Sources and 3D Visualization

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第1期31卷 159-168页

作者： Fermin Villalpando Jose Tuxpan Jose Alfredo Ramos-Leal Simon Carranco-lozada Division of Applied Geosciences Scientific and Technological Research Institute of San Luis PotosiSan Luis Potosi 78216Mexico Catedras-CONA CyT National Council for Science and TechnologyCDMX 03940Mexico Centre for Scientific and Technological Studies National Polytechnic InstituteGuanajuato 37358Mexico

Recent monitoring techniques employ multiple sources of information for the characterization of the phenomenon to be studied, being the coupling and adjustment of multi-source data one of the first challenges to consider and solve. The authors propose a new framework of the multi-source and multi-temporal data-oriented fusion for the characterization of landslide events. The main objective is to generate 3D virtual models(in the form of dense point clouds) and feed them back with the characteristic of soil and subsoil information. The scheme consists of three main steps. The first one is on-site data collection(geological characterization, geophysical measurements, GPS measurements, and UAV/drone mapping). The second step is generation of a high-resolution 3D virtual model(~1-inch spatial resolution) from the frames acquired through the UAV using the structure of motion(SfM) processing;the developed virtual model is optimized with GPS measurements to minimize geolocation error and eliminate distortions. The last step is assembling of the acquired data in the field and densified point cloud considering the different nature of the data, re-escalating procedure and the information stacking layer.

关键词： 3D model natural risk geophysical/geological techniques unmanned aerial vehicle fusion data

International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） Convergence Project： Where Are They Now？

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现代会计与审计：英文版 2014年第10期10卷 991-1004页

作者： Aida R. lozada University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico

The convergence project between the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States (US) was signed on September 18, 2002 in Norwalk, Connecticut in the US. The first is responsible for issuing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) nowadays, which were created 40 years ago. More than one century ago, local regulations are used in the US. The boards differ in years of experience. With the signing of the agreement, both institutions are working to reduce the divergence of accounting. Although they have made a significant progress, it is appropriate to examine whether the difference in approaches to accounting will affect the achieved agreements. It is relevant to investigate whether the years leading the standards adopted in different countries will impact the final result. The date of completion of the project has been postponed and still has not indicated the date of termination. This research is an analysis of the importance of the convergence of accounting standards at a global level. The study presents statistics on the status of the adoption of international standards by country. The study shows a summary of the expressions made by the directors of both boards about the future of the project.

关键词：会计准则国际标准财务报告委员会理事会美国地方性法规统计数据

ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第6期28卷 1157-1165页

作者： C.E.BORJA I.A.FIGUEROA O.lozada-FLORES M.ESTRADA G.A.LARA-RODRIGUEZ J.A.VERDUZCO Instituto de Investigacion en Metalurgia y Materiales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolfis de Hidalgo (UMSNH)Fco. J. Mujica S/N Col. Felicitas del Rio C.P. 58030 Morelia Mich. Mexico Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mdxico (UNAM) Circuito Exterior S/N Cd. Universitaria C.P. 04510 Cd. Mx. Mexico

分析ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模型从理论上确定合金的成分。采用铜模吸铸法在氩气保护下制备圆柱形和圆锥形铸锭。用X射线衍射表征圆锥形铸锭以便确定非晶结构。结果表明:两... 详细信息

分析ZrCuAlNi系大块金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热学和力学性能。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模型从理论上确定合金的成分。采用铜模吸铸法在氩气保护下制备圆柱形和圆锥形铸锭。用X射线衍射表征圆锥形铸锭以便确定非晶结构。结果表明:两种合金的临界非晶直径为3 mm。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析其热行为,加热速率分别为0.5、0.67和0.83 K/s。γ参数、过冷液相区ΔT_x和约化玻璃转变温度T_(rg)等这些实验所得的参数均表明其具有高的非晶形成能力。非晶成分显示其脆性指数为40。合金的压缩试验采用的应变速率为0.016 s^(-1),得到弹性模量约为83 GPa,总应变约为5%,屈服强度为1.6 GPa,硬度为4 GPa。运用密实堆积和动态脆性指数模拟可以预测ZrCuAlNi系合金的非晶形成成分。

关键词：大块金属玻璃非晶形成能力脆性指数堆积率吸铸

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体现区域经济发展的社区大学

职教译丛 2001年第1期 18-20页

作者： lozada Marlene 李莉

后中等教育阶段的教育课程，一般人都认为大学是主流教育方式，但社区大学近年却吸引了越来越多的学生，甚至大学专业都出现了职业教育化的趋势，因为，受教育者把就业放在首要地位。

关键词：区域经济发展社区大学高等教育职业教育化