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Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 887-903页

作者： Sarah Vieira Novais mariana delgado oliveira zenero Elizio Ferreira Frade Junior Renato Paiva de Lima Carlos Eduardo Pelegrino Cerri Department of Soil Science Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz University of S&#227 o Paulo Piracicaba Brazil Department of Environmental Sciences Federal Institute of Mato Grosso Barra do Gar&#231 a Brazil

Increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, upon changes in land use and agricultural management, lead to a search for techniques that enhance carbon residence time in soil. Pyrolysis increases the recalcitrance of organic materials and enhances their activities as physical, chemical and biological soil conditioners. Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O quantified from a sandy soil that was treated with three rates (12.5, 25 e 50 Mg·ha-1) of either non-pyrolysed poultry manure and sugarcane straw or biochars, pyrolysed at two contrasting temperatures (350°C and 650°C). Subsequently, the flux of the three gases was converted and compared in a standard unit (CO2eq). The added biochars, significantly reduced GHG emissions, especially CO2, relative to the non-pyrolysed materials. The greatest differences between applied rates of poultry manure, relative sugarcane straw, both to biochar and raw material, and the positive response to the increase of pyrolysis temperture, confirm the importance of raw material choice for biochar production, with recalcitrance being an important initial characteristic. Greater emissions occurred with intermediate rate of biochars (25 Mg·ha-1) amendment to the soil. These intermediate rates had higher microbial biomass, provided by an intermediate C/N ratio derived from the original soil and the biochar, promoting combined levels of labile C and oxygen availability, leading to an optimal environment for microbiota.

关键词： CO2 CH4 N2O Weathered Soil

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Effects of Biochar on the Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Sugarcane Residues Applied to Soils

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 869-886页

作者： Thalita Fernanda Abbruzzini mariana delgado oliveira zenero Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade Fernando Dini Andreote Julio Campo Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Department of Soil Science “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Piracicaba Brazil Institute of Ecology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. Mexico

The sugar and bioethanol industry generate large amounts of filter cake and vinasse, residues that are applied to sugarcane fields as conditioners and organic fertilizers. However, these may be significant sources of greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere. This study assessed the impact of sugarcane straw biochar on the emissions of CO2, CH4and N2O promoted by filter cake and vinasse applied to soil, and its effects on the chemical properties and bacterial communities of a Typic Hapludox and a Quartzipsamment. A laboratory incubation was conducted for 100 days with both soils under five treatments: vinasse and filter cake amendment (FV), plus biochar at 10 (FV + B10), 20 (FV + B20) and 50 (FV + B50) Mg·ha-1, and a control. Soil pH, available P and exchangeable base contents increased with biochar added to sandy soil. Mineral N decreased with biochar addition to both soils. The FV treatment increased CO2 emissions by 5-fold and 2.4-fold in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, FV +B10 increased CO2 emissions by 4% and 6.4% in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to FV. Cumulative N2O emissions in FV were 537% and 125% higher in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to the control. Nevertheless, increasing biochar amendment rates reduced N2O emissions from 24% to 34% in sandy soil, and from 14% to 56% in clayey soil. CH4 emissions were negligible. The effects of filter, vinasse and biochar amendments on soil amelioration were closely related to its buffering capacity. Temporal changes on bacterial community structure were more pronounced in the sandy soil compared to clayey, and indicated that N2O emission mitigation in clayey soil was directly related to biotic mechanisms, while abiotic mechanisms caused by biochar played a more important role in mitigating N2O emissions in sandy soil.

关键词： Filter Cake Fingerprinting Nitrous Oxide Pyrolysis Carbon Soil Fertility Vinasse

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