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The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

作者： marian ostwald Renata KASPERSKA Poznan University of Technology Institute of Applied Mechanics ul.Piotrowo 3 60-965 PoznanPoland Pedagogical University of Zielona Gora ul.Wojska Polskiego 69 65-625 Zielona GoraPoland

＜正＞The aim of this paper is to present the bicriteria optimization model of the sandwich cylindrical panel under axial compression and external pressure. The objective functions are weight and panel deformability. The deformability is defined as the converse of the panel bending rigidity and it represents some qualitative measure of the panel deflections. The design variables are the thicknesses of the layers. The constraints include a stability condition, stress conditions, the validation of theoretical models, and finally, technological and constructional requirements. The problem was solved with the help of the Pareto concept of optimality, with continuous and discrete sets of the design variables. Results of numerical calculations for panels made of aluminum alloy and steel are presented in the form of tables and diagrams. A comparison of the optimal parameters for the unilayer and the sandwich panels is pr esented.

关键词： multicriteria optimization sandwich structures shell structures

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Does the platinum-loading in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes influence the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly?

Industrial Chemistry & Materials

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2023年第4期1卷 501-515页

作者： Ricardo Sgarbi William Ait Idir Quentin Labarde Michel Mermoux Peizhe Wu Julia Mainka Jerome Dillet Clemence Marty Fabrice Micoud Olivier Lottin marian Chatenet CNRS Grenoble INP(Institute of Engineering and Management Univ.Grenoble Alpes)LEPMIUniv.Grenoble AlpesUniv.Savoie Mont Blanc38000 GrenobleFrance LEMTA-Universitede Lorraine-CNRS NancyFrance CEA LITENUniv.Grenoble AlpesF-38054GrenobleFrance

MEAs with various cathode Pt loadings were elaborated and aged using a multiple-stressor accelerated stress test(AST)in a segmented *** thinnest(lowest Pt loading)cathodes have lower initial activity,owing to larger oxygen reduction reaction hindrance and oxygen transport *** the lowest cathode Pt loadings initially degrade faster,the overall loss of ECSA at end-of-test is nearly similar whatever the cathode Pt loading,with no local heterogeneities of aging detected along the gas *** cathode Pt/C catalyst degrades mostly by ostwald ripening(which seems more pronounced for lower cathode Pt loading)and nanoparticles agglomeration,owing to superficial carbon functionalization and related Pt crystallite migration:no consequent carbon corrosion is witnessed in this ***,the oxidized Pt2+ions formed by Pt corrosion diffuse/migrate roughly in a similar manner through the membrane for all cathode Pt loadings,and are re-deposited by crossover H2 close to the cathode|membrane ***,the mechanisms of Pt/C degradation are not depending on the cathode Pt loading for the chosen AST.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) Cathode catalyst layer(CL) Platinum loading Durability

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