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Examining the Types and Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation in Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Burden and Impact of Acute and Long-Term Complications

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1322-1334页

作者： Rahma Yusuf Haji Mohamud Nur Adam Mohamed Mohamed Yaqub Hassan Khadija Yusuf Ali marian muse osman Amal Nor Ali Ifrah Adan Hilowle Iftin Mohamed osman Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud Department of Nursing Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Department of Pediatric Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Research Department National Institute of Health Mogadishu Somalia Department of Pulmonology Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Department of Emergency Medicine Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital Mogadishu Somalia

Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of FGM;immediate and long-term complications associated with the practice, and identify factors related to its prevalence. Method: In a one-year cross-sectional hospital-based study, data were collected from females aged 18 - 50 with a history of FGM. Face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, utilizing univariate and bivariate analyses to identify correlations between variables, which were presented in tables. Results: In a study involving 255 female participants, 65.5% were between 18 and 30 years old. The majority (82.7%) were married, while 47.1% were illiterate. FGM cases were more prevalent in rural areas (61.6%). Among the participants, 45.1% were employed. Type 3 FGM was the most common (44.3%), followed by Type 2 (32.2%) and Type 1 (23.9%). In terms of short-term complications experienced by circumcised women, the most common were bleeding, reported by 29.8% of participants, followed by infection (25.1%), and urinary retention (19.2%). Among the long-term complications observed, recurrent vaginal infections were the most prevalent, affecting 29.8% of the surveyed females. This was episiotomy during delivery (22.3%) and genital scarring (10.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals that Type 3 FGM is highly prevalent among the surveyed females, contributing to an increased risk of recurrent vaginal infections, prolonged second stage of labor, higher likelihood of episiotomy during delivery, and genital scarring. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective preventive strategies and implementation from both international and local organizations to eliminate the harmful practice of FGM.

关键词： Female Genital Mutilation Women Obstetrics and Gynecology Somalia

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Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance

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Health 2023年第11期15卷 1298-1317页

作者： Abdirazak Yusuf Ahmed Fawziya Abikar Nor Mustafa Yusuf Ahmed marian muse osman Dmertini Public Health Health System Adviser at Ministry of Mogadishu Somalia Mogadishu Somalia The Federal Ministry of Health Mogadishu Somalia Dean Faculty of Medicine and Health Science at Darulhikmah University Mogadishu Somalia Research Department National Institute of Health Mogadishu Somalia

Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome in its pursuit of UHC, the paper begins by providing an overview of the current healthcare landscape in Somalia, highlighting the lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources that hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. It then examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while emphasizing the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. Drawing on a range of data sources and case studies, the article proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen healthcare governance, improve resource allocation, and foster local capacity building, the study delves into the unique obstacles that Somalia faces, including a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources, which hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. The paper also examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while highlighting the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. The findings underscore the importance of political commitment, international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms in advancing towards UHC in Somalia, providing valuable insights for other low resource, conflict affected settings.

关键词： Universal Health Coverage Health Governance Health Finance Equitable Health Access

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Glucocorticoids-based prodrug design: Current strategies and research progress

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第3期19卷 45-82页

作者： Hongbing Liu muse Jia Peifu Xiao Jingxin Gou Tian Yin Haibing He Xing Tang Yu Zhang Department of Pharmaceutics Shenyang Pharmaceutical University School of Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

Attributing to their broad pharmacological effects encompassing anti-inflammation,antitoxin, and immunosuppression, glucocorticoids(GCs) are extensively utilized in the clinic for the treatment of diverse diseases such as lupus erythematosus, nephritis,arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, keratitis, macular edema, and leukemia. However, longterm use often causes undesirable side effects, including metabolic disorders-induced Cushing's syndrome(buffalo back, full moon face, hyperglycemia, etc.), osteoporosis,aggravated infection, psychosis, glaucoma, and cataract. These notorious side effects seriously compromise patients' quality of life, especially in patients with chronic ***, glucocorticoid-based advanced drug delivery systems for reducing adverse effects have received extensive attention. Among them, prodrugs have the advantages of low investment, low risk, and high success rate, making them a promising *** this review, we propose the strategies for the design and summarize current research progress of glucocorticoid-based prodrugs in recent decades, including polymer-based prodrugs, dendrimer-based prodrugs, antibody-drug conjugates, peptide-drug conjugates,carbohydrate-based prodrugs, aliphatic acid-based prodrugs and so on. Besides, we also raise issues that need to be focused on during the development of glucocorticoid-based prodrugs. This review is expected to be helpful for the research and development of novel GCs and prodrugs.

关键词： Glucocorticoids Prodrug design Targeted drug delivery Research progress

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Investigating the Influence of Glaucoma on the Quality of Life among Adult Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 88-100页

作者： Paul Mwale Karen Tabalasa Abdishakur A. muse Ke Min Department of Ophthalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Background: Research exploring the influence of glaucoma on quality of life has gained momentum in recent years. Numerous studies have investigated the multifaceted aspects of quality of life in glaucoma patients, utilizing various assessment tools and methodologies. Objective: To determine the influence that glaucoma has on the quality of life among adult patients. Study site: kitwe teaching eye hospital, Zambia. Method: It was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from 30th June 2022 to 17th April 2023. The study included 106 diagnosed glaucoma patients who were above the age of 55 years. Data was collected using validated 25-item national eye institute visual function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Microsoft excel to present frequencies and percentages that generated graphical presentation. Results: 62% of the participants worry about their eye sight most of the time, 26% sometimes and 12% a little time. 9% of the participants had little difficulty to read ordinary prints, 14% moderate difficulties and 58% extremely difficult. 40% of the participants could drive despite glaucoma damaging their eyes while 60% could not. Majority of the patients said it was difficult noticing things around them while walking or sitted in one place. There was a significant difference between effects of glaucoma on patients and the existing relationship between glaucoma and quality of life (ANOVA, p = 0.019 and ANOVA, p = 0.023). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the magnitude of impact that glaucoma has on the Quality of Life (QoL) in diagnosed patients and the relationship between glaucoma and the Quality of Life. Due to the progressive visual loss, the amount of activities these patients would perform is negatively affected especially where social and economic activities are concerned which also affects their monthly earnings for those living in middle to low-income countries. Therefore, social welfare a

关键词： Glaucoma Quality of Life Glaucoma Patients

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Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance

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Health（健康） 2023年第11期

作者： Abdirazak Yusuf Ahmed Fawziya Abikar Nor Mustafa Yusuf Ahmed marian muse osman

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The Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection in Pediatric Infectious Mononucleosis: A Single-Centered, Retrospective Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 459-475页

作者： Abdishakur Abdukadir muse Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed Pu Yang Lihong Liao Bibek Dhar Shrestha Agness Nicholaus Kanusya Paul Mwale Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Ophthalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Background: Recent studies indicate that the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) has increased in China. Furthermore, it has been shown that children diagnosed with IM are prone to acquiring other pathogens. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of these co-infections in children with IM. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of coinfections and common pathogens, as well as to compare clinical manifestations in children with and without coinfections. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with data from January 2018 to January 2023. Data, including demographics, symptoms, lab results, and complications, were collected from the hospital’s electronic database and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests to compare the means of continuous variables. Statistical significance was determined by p-values less than 0.05. Results: The study involved 216 participants diagnosed with IM, predominantly males (61.6%) aged 0 - 4 years (50.9%). Coinfection was detected in 39.8% of children, with multiple pathogens present in 33.72% of these cases. Among coinfection cases, 40% occurred in children under 5 years old, and females made up 54.2% of these cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the most prevalent pathogen, accounting for 18.1% of cases. Influenza B (IFB) and Influenza A (IFA) viruses were found in 16.7% and 13.9% of participants, respectively, indicating a notable occurrence of respiratory pathogen coinfections. Male gender, fever, tonsillopharyngitis, lower HGB levels, higher ESR, CRP, and AST levels were correlated with coinfections. Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed a high prevalence of coinfections among children diagnosed with IM, particularly involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza viruses. These coinfections were notably

关键词： Prevalence Mononucleosis Coinfection Children Epstein-Barr Virus Features

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《周处除三害》原型：阮经天没演出我的万分之一

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知音（海外版） 2024年第7期 32页

作者： muse

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Factors Affecting Adherence to National Malaria Treatment Guidelines in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy among Healthcare Workers in Public Health Facilities in Jowhar District, Somalia

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Health 2022年第11期14卷 1114-1129页

作者： Abdullahi muse Mohamoud Magda Elhadi Ahmed Yousif osman Khalafalla Saeed PHC & HE Center Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Introduction: Early diagnosis and effective treatment remain critical elements of a malaria control strategy in preventing mortality and reducing the incidence of severe malaria illness in Somalia. In Sub-Saharan African countries showed different levels of adherence to their national malaria guidelines for malaria treatment and prevention in pregnancy, while experiences from many countries indicated several challenges and constraints that may make the implementation of the guidelines difficult. Objective: The study aimed to assess factors affecting adherence to revised national malaria treatment guidelines in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy among health care workers in public health facilities in Jowhar District, Somalia. Methodology: A cross-sectional health facility-based study conducted in Jowhar district. A structured interview questionnaire was used for data collection from (n = 150). Healthcare workers selected from ten public health facilities using proportional to size sampling and an observational checklist was used to assess patient’s medical prescriptions to review their conformity to the guidelines and the availability of antimalarial drug, malaria diagnostic tests (mRDTs and microscopy) and job aids, such as the national malaria treatment guidelines, clinical algorithm (flow chart), malaria rapid diagnosis tests mRDTs’ use of wall charts, and drug dose wall charts at the facilities. Data was analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis that includes frequency, and percentages by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Results: Healthcare workers interviewed were 89 (59.3%) aware of the existence of the revised national malaria treatment guidelines. However, 61 (40.7%) were not aware of the guidelines and only 46 (30.7%) had been trained for the national malaria guidelines in the treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy. Overall, 33 (22%) of the workers reported to

关键词： Malaria Guideline Adherence Malaria in Pregnancy Jowhar District Somalia

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Effect of In-Service Training Program on the Practice of Healthcare Workers toward Malaria Prevention and Treatment Guidelines during Pregnancy in Health Facilities in Jowhar District, Somalia

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Health 2022年第11期14卷 1173-1190页

作者： Abdullahi muse Mohamoud Magda Elhadi Ahmed Yousif osman Khalafalla Saeed PHC & HE Center Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Malaria is generally considered a major public health problem in Somalia. Providing early diagnosis and effective treatment is the key element of malaria control strategies in malaria-endemic countries, including Somalia. This required to advocate and ensure health worker’s adherence to the national malaria guidelines at all levels of health care service. A well-designed in-service training program may improve the level of health worker’s adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines, although results have been inconsistent. This is an interventional health facility-based pre and post comparative study aimed to assess the effect of an in-service training program on the practice of healthcare workers toward malaria prevention and treatment guidelines, during in pregnancy in health facilities in Jowhar district, Middle Shabelle region of Somalia. The study was implemented in three phases: pre-intervention phase, intervention phase and post-intervention phase. The sample size consisted of (n = 150) health workers who were selected from ten public health facilities using proportional to size sampling;the data collection adopted in this research is composed of a structured interview questionnaire and observational checklist. Data was analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis that includes frequency and percentage and the Chi-square (x2) test was used to test the associations among variables using SPSS software version 25. The study showed that the level of health workers’ awareness of the national malaria guidelines in the treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy was found to be good before the intervention 89 (59.3%) and this proportion increased to 150 (100%) post-intervention of the training program. A significance difference has been observed between health workers’ awareness and their adherence to the malarial guidelines at pre-test and post-test with a p-value 0.000. The proportion of health workers who attended pr

关键词： Malaria In Pregnancy In-Service Training Healthcare Workers National Malaria Guideline Jowhar District Somalia

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生物技术在沙化土壤修复中的应用

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中国科技纵横 2024年第5期 41-43页

作者：崔嵬唐娜吉木色乌达巴拉内蒙古绿创环保科技有限公司内蒙古呼和浩特 010010 呼和浩特市生态环境监控中心内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

过去由于耕地过度开垦、草场过载放牧等原因,我国土壤出现严重的沙化、退化现象,变得更加贫瘠.土壤生产力下降的同时,水土严重流失,不仅不利于农业生产,而且会引发沙尘暴等灾害,危害人们的正常生活.在当前可持续发展理念下,为防止生态... 详细信息

过去由于耕地过度开垦、草场过载放牧等原因,我国土壤出现严重的沙化、退化现象,变得更加贫瘠.土壤生产力下降的同时,水土严重流失,不仅不利于农业生产,而且会引发沙尘暴等灾害,危害人们的正常生活.在当前可持续发展理念下,为防止生态环境进一步恶化,保护我国农业生产有序推进,需加大力度开展沙化土壤修复工作,将其进行恢复和重建.基于此,分析沙化土壤形成的原因及危害,并探讨沙化土壤中生物技术的应用.

关键词：生物技术沙化土壤成因危害修复

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