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Design Automation of the Manufacturing Process of a Mini Biodiesel Plant

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第2期13卷 111-125页

作者： Deivison silveira Santos de jesus SENAI Camaqari - BA Brazil FAMEC Camaqari - BA BrazilCETEB/CA BRA Camaqari - BA Brazil

The increasing pollution in the atmospheric layer has meant world-wide temperature variations, causing the melting of icecaps and floods, among other environmental factors. This change in temperature has been mainly caused by the indiscriminate emission of CO2, especially due to the rising number of vehicles in circulation. Researchers have identified that, among other types of fuel, diesel has the highest level of CO2 emission. Hence the need for the development of biodiesel, produced from oleaginous plants, aimed at reducing the emission of this harmful gas into the atmosphere, besides using renewable resources. However, as in any automation process, it is necessary to have sensors, actuators, and controllers, which together perform the automation and control of the production process. Besides that, there are other process variables to be accounted for, such as temperature, flow, and level. Considering such concept, and within the academic context, the creation process of a mini biodiesel plant will be described.

关键词： biodiesel mini-plant automation control

Oral allopurinol to prevent hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第13期15卷 1600-1606页

作者： Hector Martinez-Torres Xochilt Rodriguez-Lomeli Carlo Davalos-Cobian jesus Garcia-Correa Juan Manue Maldonado-Martinez Fabiola Medrano-Muoz Clotilde fuentes-Orozco Alejandr Gonzalez-Ojeda Department of Gastroenterology an Endoscopy UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades del Centr Medico Nacional de Occidente-IMSS Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Medico Naciona de Occidente-IMSS

AIM:To assess the efficacy of allopurinol to prevent hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(PEP).METHODS:One hundred and seventy patients were enrolled and randomized to two groups:a study group(n=85)who received 300 mg of oral allopurinol at 15 h and 3 h before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and a control group(n=85)receiving an oral placebo at the same *** Outcome Measurements included serum amylase levels and the number severity of the episodes of *** amylase levels were classified as normal(151 IU/L).Episodes of PEP were classified following Ranson's criteria and CT severity ***:Gender distribution was similar between *** age was 53.5±18.9 years for study group and 52.8±19.8 years for ***,the distribution of benign pathology was similar between *** was more common in the control group(P=0.003).Mild PEP developed in two patients from the study group(2.3%)and eight(9.4%) from control group(P=0.04),seven episodes were observed in high-risk patients of the control group(25%) and one in the allopurinol group(3.3%,P=0.02).Risk factors for PEP were precut sphincterotomy(P=0.02),pancreatic duct manipulation(P=0.002)and multiple procedures(P=0.000).There were no deaths or side ***:Oral allopurinol before ERCP decreased the incidences of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis in patients submitted to high-risk procedures.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Hyperamylasemia Acute pancreatitis Oralallopurinol Risk factors

Catechin and Epicatechin Contents in Wines Obtained from Brazilian Exotic Tropical Fruits

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 449-457页

作者： Suyare Araújo Ramalho Nayjara Carvalho Gualberto maria Terezinha Santos Leite Neta Rejane Andrade Batista Suzane Macêdo Araújo Jane de jesus da silveira Moreira Narendra Narain Laboratory of Flavor & Chromatographic Analyses/PROCTA Federal University of Sergipe Sao Cristóvao Brazil

Flavonoids constitute a diverse group of secondary metabolites which are present in both fruits and wines. The contents of some of the most prominent compounds such as catechin and epicatechin are little known in wines prepared from tropical fruits. In this context, this study was aimed to determine catechin and epicatechin contents in wines processed from 7 tropical fruits (cajá-umbu, cashew apple, mangaba, pineapple, siriguela, sugar apple and umbu), by HPLC-DAD system. Moreover the total phenolic compounds content was also determined in these wines and compared to those of the commercial wines obtained from grapes and cashew apple. The wines produced in this work contained higher total phenolic compounds contents when compared to that of the grape wines. The higher values of total phenolic compounds were found in wines elaborated from cajá-umbu (123.4 mg·mL-1 GAE) and from cashew (87.5 mg·mL-1 GAE). However, higher contents of catechin and epicatechin were found in wines obtained from mangaba (14.01 ± 0.37 mg·L-1, 22.66 ± 1.03 mg·L-1), siriguela (9.97 ± 0.28, 4.38 ± 0.45) and cashew apple (7.46 ± 0.18, 1.30 ± 0.17) fruits. The present work indicates that the use of exotic tropical fruits is feasible in developing wines which could serve as functional foods as these contain appreciable quantities of catechin and epicatechin.

关键词： Tropical Fruits Cajá-Umbu Mangaba Cashew Apple Siriguela Wines HPLC-DAD

Antioxidant drugs to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis:What does evidence suggest?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第21期21卷 6745-6753页

作者： Clotilde fuentes-Orozco Carlos Davalos-Cobian jesus Garcia-Correa Gabriela Ambriz-Gonzalez Michel Dassaejv Macias-Amezcua jesus Garcia-Renteria Jorge Rendon-Felix mariana Chavez-Tostado Lizbeth Araceli Cuesta-Marquez Andrea Socorro Alvarez-Villasenor Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores Alejandro Gonzalez-Ojeda Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology Specialties Hospital of the Western Medical CenterMedical Unit of High SpecialtyMexican Institute of Social Security Guadalajara Jalisco 44340 Mexico Department Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Specialties Hospital of the Western Medical CenterMedical Unit of High SpecialtyMexican Institute of Social Security Guadalajara Jalisco 44340 Mexico Department of Pediatric Surgery.Children’s Hospital.Western National Medical Center Mexican Institute of Social Security Guadalajara Jalisco 44340 Mexico Health Research Coor-dination.Mexican Institute of Social Security Baja Californa Sur 23000 Mexico

AIM:To determine whether or not the use of antioxidant supplementation aids in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ***:A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) was made to evaluate the preventive effect of prophylactic antioxidant supplementation in post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP).The inclusion criteria included:acute post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in adults; randomized clinical trials with the use of any antioxidant as an intervention compared with placebo,to reduce *** outcome measure was the incidence and severity of *** RCTs involving 3110 patients since 1999 *** antioxidants used were selenite,β-carotene,and pentoxifylline(each one in one trial),N-acetylcysteine(NAC) in three trials,and allopurinol in six *** group of patients treated with NAC received different doses; either oral or intravenous,and allopurinol-treated patients received five different oral doses in two different administration *** results are expressed with raw numbers,proportions,as well as mean and standard *** incidence of pancreatitis between groups was analyzed with Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test(F).The main outcome is expressed as relative risks and 95%***:The incidence of pancreatitis in all antioxidant treatment groups was 8.6%,whereas it was 9.7% in the control *** antioxidants used were selenite,β-carotene,and pentoxifylline(each one in one trial),NAC in three trials,and allopurinol in six *** allopurinol trials,three different dosifications were used; two trials reported a low dosage(of less than 400 mg),two trials reported a moderate dose(600 mg) and the remaining two employed higher doses(more than 900 mg).Supplementation was not associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of PEP [relative risk(RR) = 0.93; 95%CI:0.82-1.06; P = 0.28].In addition,the incid

关键词： Antioxidant drugs Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis Prophylaxis