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Artemisia annua: A New Version of a Traditional Tea under Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Malaria

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2016年第12期7卷 545-563页

作者： Pedro Melillo de Magalhães Glyn Mara Figueira José maria de Souza Ana maria Revorêdo Ventura maria deise de oliveira ohnishi Darci Rodrigues da Silva Luiz Alberto Gonçalves Lobo Fabrício Bezerra Eleres Rosana Libonati Merlin Willcox Eloisa Cavassani Pimentel University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Evandro Chagas Institute Belém Brazil Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil University of Oxford (Research Initiative for Traditional Antimalarial Methods) Oxford UK Campinas Municipal Centre of Health Campinas Brazil

Introduction: The traditional antimalarial tea Artemisia annua, indicated for centuries in China to treat fevers, is again arousing interest for the treatment of malaria due to improvements attained in the plant composition by a few Institutions throughout the world, including the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, increasing its principal component by more than 100 times as from standard varieties, giving 1% in artemisinin and an expressive biomass yield such as 2 tons of dried leaves/hectare. Clinical trials carried out with this material in African countries have proven its therapeutic potential for a new generation of Artemisia tea in the treatment of falciparum malaria. In addition to artemisinin, recent studies have identified and quantified other compounds present in the crude extract and characterized their contributions to the anti-malarial efficacy, including their action against chloroquine-resistant strains. The majority of the clinical trials carried out with Artemisia tea in African countries have shown that the control of the parasitaemia is efficient in the initial treatment period, but few trials have followed the patients up to the 28th day. This first clinical trial carried out in Brazil with the A. annua infusion, after toxicological trials that defined the safety of this form of medication. Methods: The therapeutic efficacy of the tea was measured in patients with falciparum malaria over 28 days, comparing it with the current first-line treatment namely artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem?). The trial was carried out in controlled groups according to official protocol approved by the National Ethics in Research Committee (CONEP: 77/ 2011) and a rigorous control of the 17 patients with non-serious cases of falciparum malaria, recruited in the following three municipalities of the State of Pará, Brazil: Tucuruí, Goianésia do Pará and Anajás. The tea group received the infusion prepared in the proportion of 1.25 g of

关键词： Malaria Herbal Medicine Artemisia annua Clinical Trial

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Effects of uniaxial compressive strain on the electronic- transport properties of zigzag carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2016年第5期9卷 1267-1275页

作者： Masato ohnishi Ken Suzuki Hideo Miura Fracture and Reliability Research Institute Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan

Recently, substantial attention has been paid to the strain sensitivity of the carbon nanotubes＇（CNTs＇） electronic properties. In this study, the relationships between the geometric structures and electronic states of zigzag CNTs under uniaxial compressive strain were investigated. We found that different factors dominate the electronic states of zigzag CNTs depending on the strain regions： the initial stage of the strain loading, which lasts until column-buckling deformation begins, and the strain regions corresponding to column- and shell-buckling deformations. Because shell-buckling deformation significantly increases the re-orbital angle, the angle between the π orbital axis vectors of adjacent atoms, strong localization of the density of states （LDOS） occurs in the buckled area. We also analyzed the current able to pass through deformed CNTs using a tight-binding-based Green＇s function approach and determined that the current can be significantly suppressed by applying uniaxial compressive strain. Our method of predicting the electronic state of a deformed CNT based on the π-orbital angle is expected to be useful for predicting the electronic properties of CNT-based electronic devices and sensors.

关键词： carbon nanotube strain buckling deformation Green's function method electronic-transport property

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Role of gut microbiota and Toll-like receptors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7381-7391页

作者： Kouichi Miura Hirohide ohnishi department of Gastroenterology Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543Japan

Emerging data have shown a close association between compositional changes in gut microbiota and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The change in gut microbiota may alter nutritional absorption and *** addition,gut microbiota are a source of Toll-like receptor(TLR)ligands,and their compositional change can also increase the amount of TLR ligands delivered to the *** ligands can stimulate liver cells to produce proinflammatory ***,the gut-liver axis has attracted much interest,particularly regarding the pathogenesis of *** abundance of the major gut microbiota,including Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,has been considered a potential underlying mechanism of obesity and NAFLD,but the role of these microbiota in NAFLD remains *** reports have demonstrated that certain gut microbiota are associated with the development of obesity and *** instance,a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila causes a thinner intestinal mucus layer and promotes gut permeability,which allows the leakage of bacterial *** to increase Akkermansia muciniphila improve the metabolic parameters in obesity and *** children,the levels of Escherichia were significantly increased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)compared with those in obese *** can produce ethanol,which promotes gut ***,normalization of gut microbiota using probiotics or prebiotics is a promising treatment option for *** addition,TLR signaling in the liver is activated,and its downstream molecules,such as proinflammatory cytokines,are increased in *** data,TLR2,TLR4,TLR5,and TLR9 have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of ***,gut microbiota and TLRs are targets for NAFLD treatment.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gut microbiota Toll-like receptor Probiotics Prebiotics

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Special focus on advances in disturbance/uncertainty estimation and attenuation techniques with applications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第7期61卷 180-181页

作者： Shihua LI Lei GUO Kouhei ohnishi Southeast University Beihang University Keio University

Disturbances and uncertainties exist in most engineering systems and always result in adverse effects on the control performances of closed-loop *** design and analysis of nonlinear control systems under disturbances is an active research topic in control systems *** advanced disturbance/uncertainty estimation and attenuation(DUEA)techniques have been developed to deal with systems in the presence of various disturbances and parametric uncertainties,e.g.,stochastic control,

关键词： Special focus on advances in disturbance/uncertainty estimation and attenuation techniques with applications

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Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polaritons Guided by a Thin Metal Stripe

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第6期24卷 1626-1628页

作者：饶轶刘仿黄翊东 DAl ohnishi 彭江得 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Optical device Research and development Centre ROHM 21 Mizosaki-Cho Saiin Ukyo-Ku Kyoto 615-8585 Japan

A long-range surface plasmon polariton （LRSPP） waveguide consisting of a 15nm thick gold stripe embedded in a homogeneous polymer BCB is reported. LRSPPs are excited by TM-mode input light successfully using an end-fire method. By scanning the output coupling fibre, the near field of the LRSPP is measured. The propagation loss of as low as 2.34 dB/mm is demonstrated.

关键词： GAP WAVE-GUIdeS RESONANCE FILMS WAVELENGTHS

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Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin Method for RANS Simulation Utilizing Pointwise Relaxation Algorithm

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第3期7卷 510-533页

作者： Kanako Yasue Michiko Furudate Naofumi ohnishi Keisuke Sawada department of Aerospace Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan

An efficient implicit procedure for the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methodis developed utilizing a pointwise relaxation algorithm. In the pointwise relaxation,those contributions from the degrees of freedom in own computational cell are accounted for in the implicit matrix inversion. The resulting scheme is shown to be stablewith very large CFL numbers for both the Euler and the Navier-Stokes equations fortypical test problems. In order to achieve a faster convergence, efforts are also madeto reduce computing time of the present method by utilizing a p-multigrid schemeand also by solving a simplified matrix instead of a fully loaded dense matrix in theimplicit matrix inversion. A superior performance of the present implicit DG methodon the parallel computer using up to 128 PEs is shown in terms of readily achievablescalability and high parallel efficiency. The RANS simulation of turbulent flowfieldover AGARD-B model is carried out to show the convergence property and numericalstability of the present implicit DG method for engineering applications.

关键词： Discontinuous Galerkin method pointwise relaxation implicit scheme viscous compressible flow

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Short-term intravenous interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第19期14卷 3038-3043页

作者： Hiroaki Okushin Toru ohnishi Kazuhiko Morii Koichi Uesaka Shiro Yuasa department of Internal Medicine Himeji Red Cross Hospital

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of short- term, multiple daily dosing of intravenous interferon (IFN) in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B. METHODS:IFN-β was intravenously administered at a total dose of 102 million international units (MIU) over a period of 28 d in 26 patients positive for HBeAg and HBV-DNA. IFN-beta was administered at doses of 2 MIU and 1 MIU on d 1, 3 MIU twice daily from d 2 to d 7, and 1 MIU thrice daily from d 8 to d 28. Patients were followed up for 24 wk after the end of treatment. RESULTS:Six months after the end of the treatment, loss of HBV-DNA occurred in 13 (50.0%) of the 26 patients, loss of HBeAg in 9 (34.6%), development of anti-HBe in 10 (38.5%), HBeAg seroconversion in 8 (30.8%), and normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 11 (42.0%). CONCLUSION:This 4-wk long IFN-β therapy, which was much shorter than conventional therapy lasting 12 wk or even more than 1 year, produced therapeutic effects similar to those achieved by IFN-α or pegylated- IFN-α (peg-IFN). Fewer adverse effects, greater efficacy, and a shorter treatment period led to an improvement in patients’ quality of life. IFN-β is administered intravenously, whereas IFN-α is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Because both interferons are known to bind to an identical receptor and exert antiviral effects through intracellular signal transduction, the excellent results of IFN-β found in this study may be attributed to the multiple doses allowed by the intravenous route.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B e antigen Hepatitis B virus Interferon beta Multiple daily dosing Short-term treatment Intravenous injection

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Study on adsorption behavior of cesium using ammonium tungstophosphate(AWP)-calcium alginate microcapsules

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第9期55卷 1719-1725页

作者： WU Yan MIMURA Hitoshi NIIBORI Yuichi ohnishi Takashi KOYAMA Shinichi WEI YueZhou School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-6-01-2Sendai980-8579Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency 4002 NaritaO-arai-machiIbaraki311-1393Japan

A functional microcapsule was prepared by encapsulating the fine crystalline ammonium tungstophosphate （AWP） in calcium alginate polymer （CaALG）. The characterization of AWP-CaALG microcapsule was examined by SEM and EPMA. The ad- sorption behavior of Cs（Ⅰ）, Rb（Ⅰ）, Sr（Ⅱ）, Pd（II）, Ru（Ⅲ）, Rh（Ⅲ）, La（Ⅲ）, Ce（Ⅲ）, Dy（Ⅲ） and Zr（IV） was investigated by the batch method. The batch experiments were carried out by varying the shaking times, HNO3 concentration, and initial concen- tration of metal ions. Relatively large K＋ values above 105 cm3/g for Cs（I） were obtained in the range of 0.1-5 M HNO3, re- sulting in a separation factor of Cs/Rb exceeding 102. In contrast, the K＋ values of Sr（II）, Pd（II）, Ru（Ⅲ）, La（Ⅲ）, Dy（Ⅲ）, Ce（Ⅲ） and Zr（IV） were considerably lower than 50 cm3/g. The K＋ value of Cs（1） decreased in the order of the coexisting ions, H＋〉 Na＋〉〉 NH4＋, and a linear relationship with a slop of about -1 was obtained between log Kd and log [NH4＋] （[NH4＋] 〉 0.01 M） The adsorption of Cs（I） was found to be controlled by chemisorption mechanism, and followed a Langmuir-type adsorption equation. A high uptake percentage of 99.4% for Cs（I） was obtained by using the dissolved solutions of spent fuel from FBR-JOYO （JAEA）.

关键词： cesium high level liquid waste (HLLW) ammonium tungstophosphate alginate microcapsule adsorption

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Inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on ileal ulcer formation in rats induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第7期11卷 1040-1043页

作者： Mari Hagiwara Keiko Kataoka Hideki Arimochi Tomomi Kuwahara Haruyuki Nakayama Yoshinari ohnishi department of Molecular Bacteriology

AIM: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)cause gastrointestinal damage as one of their side effects in humans and experimental animals. Lipid peroxidation plays an important role in NSAID-induced ulceration. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)reductase inhibitors on the ulceration in small intestines of ***: The effects of three HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, fluvastatin, pravastatin and atorvastatin on ileal ulcer formation in 5-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl) thiophene (BFMeT)-treated rats were examined. Antioxidative activity of the inhibitors was measured by a redox-linked colorimetric ***: Fluvastatin, which was reported to have antioxidative activity, repressed the ileal ulcer formation in rats treated with BFMeT an NSAIDs. However, the other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (pravastatin and atorvastatin)did not repress the ileal ulcer formation. Among these HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, fluvastatin showed a significantly stronger reducing power than the others(pravastatin, atorvastatin).CONCLUSION: Fluvastatin having the antioxidaitive activity suppresses ulcer formation in rats induced by NSAIDs.

关键词： Ileal ulcer Fluvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

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Pitfalls and promises of bile duct alternatives:A narrative review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第39期28卷 5707-5722页

作者： Mitsuo Miyazawa Masayasu Aikawa Junpei Takashima Hirotoshi Kobayashi Shunsuke ohnishi Yoshito Ikada department of Surgery Teikyo University Mizonokuch HospitalKanagawa 213-8507Japan department of Surgery Saitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitama 350-1298Japan department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineSapporo 060-8638Japan department of Bioenvironmental Medicine Nara Medical UniversityNara 634-8521Japan

Biliodigestive anastomosis between the extrahepatic bile duct and the intestine for bile duct disease is a gastrointestinal reconstruction that abolishes duodenal papilla function and frequently causes retrograde *** chronic inflammation can cause liver dysfunction,liver abscess,and even bile duct *** research has been conducted for over 100 years to directly repair bile duct defects with alternatives,no bile duct substitute(BDS)has been *** narrative review confirms our understanding of why bile duct alternatives have not been developed and explains the clinical applicability of BDSs in the near *** searched the PubMed electronic database to identify studies conducted to develop BDSs until december 2021 and identified studies in *** independent reviewers reviewed studies on large animals with 8 or more *** types of BDSs prevail:Autologous tissue,non-bioabsorbable material,bioabsorbable material,and others(decellularized tissue,3D-printed structures,etc.).In most studies,BDSs failed due to obstruction of the lumen or stenosis of the anastomosis with the native bile *** has not been developed primarily because control of bile duct wound healing and regeneration has not been elucidated.A BDS expected to be clinically applied in the near future incorporates a bioabsorbable material that allows for regeneration of the bile duct outside the BDS.

关键词： Bile duct alternative Bile duct substitute Biliary regeneration Bile duct reconstruction Peribiliary gland Bioabsorbable polymer

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