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Carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso Chiti emanuele Blasi maria Vincenza Chiriaco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(CMCC) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(C).However,the C dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly *** we investigated the C mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change *** analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic C(SOC)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was *** have an idea of the maximum C stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also *** the plantation,C accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg C ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOC was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOC stock did not *** 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOC,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by *** comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher C levels in all the *** C dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial C removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising C sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Med

关键词： Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

Perception of the Muller-Lyer illusion in guppies

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 205-213页

作者： maria SANTACA Christian AGRILLO Department of General Psychology University of PadovaVia Venezia 8Padova 35131Italy

The Muller-Lyer illusion is a well-known distortion illusion that occurs when the spatial arrangement of inducers(i.e.,inwards-or outwards-pointing arrowheads)influences a line's perceived relative *** date,this illusion has been reported in several animal species but only in 1 teleost fish(i.e.,redtail splitfins Xenotoca eiseni),although teleost fish represent approximately 50%of vertebrate *** investigated the perception of this illusion in another teleost fish:guppies Poecilia reticulata,a species that diverged from the redtail splitfin 65 million years *** guppies were trained to select the longer between 2 lines;after meeting the learning criterion,illusory trials were *** trials were also arranged to exclude the possibility that their choices were based on potential spatial biases that relate to the illusory *** guppies'overall performance indicated that they were susceptible to the Muller-Lyer illusion,perceiving the line with the inwards-pointing arrowheads as *** performance in the control trials excluded the possibility that the subjects used the physical differences between the 2 figures as the discriminative cue in the illusory *** study suggests that sensibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion could be widespread across teleost fish and reinforces the idea that the perceptual mechanisms underlying size estimation might be similar across vertebrates.

关键词： comparative perception Muller-Lyer illusion Poecilia reticulata visual illusions

Physics, chemistry, and Hirshfeld surface analyses of gamma-irradiated thalidomide to evaluate behavior under sterilization doses

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第3期8卷 194-201页

作者： Valner A.F.S.N.Mussel Max R Ferreira maria B.e Marques maria I.Yoshida mariana R.Almeida Bernardo L.Rodrigues Wagner N.Mussel Departamento de Quimica ICExUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMGAv.Antonio Carlos 662731270-901 Belo HorizonteMGBrazil CNeN-CDTN Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear-Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia NuclearAv.Antonio Carlos6627 Belo HorizonteMGBrazil

Thalidomide was indicated as a sedative and antiemetic and prescribed for pregnant women. Its tragic teratogenic effects culminated in withdrawal from the market. Since the discovery of its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory actions, thalidomide has been used in the treatment of leprosy and multiple myeloma, which justify studies of its stability. We investigated the effects of irradiation of thalidomide up to 100 kGy （fourfold the usual sterilizing dose for pharmaceutics）. The polymorph of thalidomide was obtained in an isothermal experiment at 270℃. All samples underwent gamma irradiation for specific times. At different doses, decomposition of the pharmaceutical was not observed up to 100 kGy. The observed effect was angle turning between the phthalimide and glutarimide rings modulated by repulsion towards the carbonyl group, leading to a stable energetic configuration, as measured by the equilibrium in the torsion angle after irradiation. The thalidomide molecule has a center of symmetry, so a full turn starting from 57.3° will lead to an identical molecule. Further irradiation will start the process again. Samples irradiated at 30 and 100 kGy have more compact unit cells and a lower volume, which leads to an increase in the intermolecular hydrogen interaction within the unit cell, resulting in higher thermal stability for polymorph α.

关键词： Thalidomide Thermal stability Polymorphs Gamma irradiation Hirshfeld

Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor promotes mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and improves cardiomyopathy in vivo

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2023年第8期15卷 821-841页

作者： Rabbia Muneer Rida-e-maria Qazi Abiha Fatima Waqas Ahmad Asmat Salim Luciana Dini Irfan Khan Dr.Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270SindhPakistan Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin Sapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases particularly myocardial infarction(MI)are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the *** cardiac tissue possesses very limited regeneration potential,therefore use of a potent small molecule,inhibitor Wnt production-4(IWP-4)for stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes could be a promising approach for cardiac *** pathway inhibitors may help stem cells in their fate determination towards cardiomyogenic lineage and provide better homing and survival of cells in *** stem cells(MSCs)derived from the human umbilical cord have the potential to regenerate cardiac tissue,as they are easy to isolate and possess multilineage differentiation ***-4 may promote the differentiation of MSCs into the cardiac *** To evaluate the cardiac differentiation ability of IWP-4 and its subsequent in vivo *** Umbilical cord tissue of human origin was utilized to isolate the MSCs which were characterized by their morphology,immunophenotyping of surface markers specific to MSCs,as well as by tri-lineage differentiation *** analysis was performed to identify the optimal concentration of *** were treated with 5μM IWP-4 at two different time *** of MSCs into cardiomyocytes was evaluated at DNA and protein *** MI ratmodel was ***-4 treated as well as untreated MSCs were implanted in the MI model,then the cardiac function was analyzed via *** were labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate(DiI)dye for tracking,while the regeneration of infarcted myocardium was examined by histology and *** MSCs were isolated and *** analysis showed that IWP-4 was non-cytotoxic at 5μM *** specific gene and protein expression analyses exhibited more remarkable results in fourteen days treated group that was eventually sel

关键词： Myocardial infarction Inhibitor Wnt production-4 Differentiation Mesenchymal stem cells Wnt pathway Cardiac function

experimental evidence for heritable reproductive time in 2 allochronic populations of pine processionary moth

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 325-335页

作者： Manuela Branco maria-Rosa Paiva Helena maria Santos Christian Burban Carole Kerdelhue Centro de estudos Florestais (CeF) Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA) Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa) 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal CeNSe Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT) Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) 2829-516 Caparica Portugal INRA Centre de Bordeaux UMR1202 BIOGECO Cestas cedex France INRA Centre de Montpellier UMR CBGP F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex France

Phenology allows organisms to overcome seasonally variable conditions through life-cycle adjustment. Changes in phenology can drastically modify the evolutionary tra- jectory of a population, while a shift in the reproductive time may cause allochronic differentiation. The hypothesis of heritable reproductive time was experimentally tested, by studying a unique population of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoeapityocampa （Den. ＆ Schiff.） which has a shifted phenology, and however co-occurs with the typical population following the classical life cycle. When populations of both types were reared under controlled conditions, the reproductive time was maintained asynchronous, as ob- served in the field. The shifted population was manipulated in the laboratory to reproduce later than usual, yet the offspring emerged in the next year at the expected dates thus ＂com- ing back＂ to the usual cycle. Hybrids from crosses performed between the 2 populations showed an intermediate phenology. From the emergence times of parents and offspring, a high heritability of the reproductive time （h = 0.76） was observed. The offspring ob- tained from each type of cross was genetically characterized using microsatellite markers. Bayesian clustering analysis confirmed that hybrids can he successfully identified and separated from the parental genetic classes by genotyping. Findings support the hypothesis that, for this particular population, incipient allochronic speciation is due to a heritable shift in the reproductive time that further causes assortative mating and might eventually cause ecological adaptation/maladaptation in response to environmental changes.

关键词： allochronic speciation experimental crossings heritability phenology reproductive isolation Thaumetopoeapityocampa

effect of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Carbon Metabolism and Gene expression in Flower Tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 127-143页

作者： maria V. Busi maria e. Gomez-Lobato Sebastian P. Rius Valeria R. Turowski Paula Casati eduardo J. Zabaleta Diego F. Gomez-Casati Alejandro Araya Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas-lnstituto tecnologico de ChascomOs (IIB-INteCH) CONICeT/UNSAM Chascomus Argentina Centro de estudios Fotosinteticos y Bioquimicos (CeFOBI) Universidad Nacional de Rosario Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas liB CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Argentina Microbiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire et Pathogenicite UMR 5234 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universite Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2 Bordeaux France

We characterized the transcriptomic response of transgenic plants carrying a mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the expression of the unedited form of the ATP synthase subunit 9. The u-ATP9 transgene driven by A9 and APeTALA3 promoters induce mitochondrial dysfunction revealed by a decrease in both oxygen uptake and adenine nucleo- tides （ATP, ADP） levels without changes in the ATIP/ADP ratio. Furthermore, we measured an increase in ROS accumulation and a decrease in glutathione and ascorbate levels with a concomitant oxidative stress response. The transcriptome analysis of young Arabidopsis flowers, validated by qRT-PCR and enzymatic or functional tests, showed dramatic changes in u-ATP9 plants. Both lines display a modification in the expression of various genes involved in carbon, lipid, and cell wall metabolism, suggesting that an important metabolic readjustment occurs in plants with a mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, transcript levels involved in mitochondrial respiration, protein synthesis, and degradation are affected. More- over, the levels of several mRNAs encoding for transcription factors and DNA binding proteins were also changed. Some of them are involved in stress and hormone responses, suggesting that several signaling pathways overlap. Indeed, the tran- scriptome data revealed that the mitochondrial dysfunction dramatically alters the expression of genes involved in signaling pathways, including those related to ethylene, absicic acid, and auxin signal transduction. Our data suggest that the mitochondrial dysfunction model used in this report may be useful to uncover the retrograde signaling mechanism between the nucleus and mitochondria in plant cells.

关键词： electron transport transcriptome analysis Arabidopsis.

Lights and shadows in the evolutionary patterns of insular bovids

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 213-228页

作者： Roberto ROZZI maria Rita PALOMBO Department of earth Sciences SapienzaUniversity of RomeRomeItaly Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria(DNR-IGAG) RomeItaly

endemic bovids are intriguing elements of insular *** living species include the Japanese serow(Cap-ricornis crispus)and the Formosan serow(***),the tamaraw from Mindoro,Philippines,(Bubalus min-dorensis)and the anoas(*** and ***),2 species of dwarf buffalos endemic to Sulawesi,*** endemic bovids are only recorded in some Asian,North American and Western Mediterranean *** we present a comprehensive overview of the changes in body size and evolutionary patterns ex-hibited by both extant and extinct insular *** appraisal indicates that each insular representative of Bo-vidae shows its own peculiar evolutionary model,albeit some parallel trends exist(*** in body size,allometric changes in limb bones,alteration of the life history traits).Some changes in morphology(*** simplification of horn cores,the increase in hypsodonty,the acquisition of a‘low-gear’locomotion),for in-stance,appear as common,albeit not general,patterns triggered by a combination of selective *** size patterns support the‘generality of the island rule’and suggest that biotic interaction had/have a major role in in-fluencing body size evolution in these species,although in different ways on different *** things consid-ered,available evidence suggest that a major role in the evolution of insular bovids is played by the structure of the insular community,the nature of available niches and by the dynamics of ecological interactions.

关键词： evolutionary island shadow

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermophysical Properties of Three Neoteric Solvents-Ionic Liquids Based on Choline Chloride

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2014年第1期30卷 119-124页

作者： POPeSCU Ana-maria CONSTANTIN Virgil Laboratory of Molten Salts llie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy Bucharest 006021 Romania

The authors prepared,characterized and preliminary studied the properties of some neoteric solvents-ionic liquids based on choline chloride,i.e.,three ionic liquids based on the eutectics of choline chloride（2-hydroxyN,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride） with,respectively,urea,malonic acid and citric *** obtained mixtures were clear and colorless ionic liquids at room *** thermophysical properties,namely,density,viscosity,and electrical conductivity of these mixtures were investigated as a function of temperature within a range of 298-353 *** for the temperature dependence of the measured properties were generated and discussed in terms of Arrhenius *** the electrochemical windows of the eutectic liquids were determined.

关键词： Neoteric solvent Ionic liquid Choline chloride Malonic acid Citric acid Density Viscosity Conductivity

Bile-acid-induced cell injury and protection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1677-1689页

作者： maria J Perez Oscar Briz Research Unit University Hospital of Salamanca Laboratory of experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting CIBERehd University of Salamanca E.D. 129 37007 Salamanca Spain

Several studies have characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte injury caused by the retention of hydrophobic bile acids （BAs） in cholestatic diseases. BAs may disrupt cell membranes through their detergent action on lipid components and can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species that, in turn, oxidatively modify lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and eventually cause hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. Several pathways are involved in triggering hepatocyte apoptosis. Toxic BAs can activate hepatocyte death receptors directly and induce oxidative damage, thereby causing mitochondrial dysfunction, and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. When these compounds are taken up and accumulate inside biliary cells, they can also cause apoptosis. Regarding extrahepatic tissues, the accumulation of BAs in the systemic circulation may contribute to endothelial injury in the kidney and lungs. In gastrointestinal cells, BAs may behave as cancer promoters through an indirect mechanism involving oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as acting as selection agents for apoptosis-resistant cells. The accumulation of BAs may have also deleterious effects on placental and fetal cells. However, other BAs, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, have been shown to modulate BA-induced injury in hepatocytes. The major beneficial effects of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid are protection against cytotoxicity due to more toxic BAs; the stimulation of hepatobiliary secretion; antioxidant activity, due in part to an enhancement in glutathione levels; and the inhibition of liver cell apoptosis. Other natural BAs or their derivatives, such as cholyI-N- methylglycine or pharmacological properties. cholylsarcosine, interest owing have also aroused to their protective

关键词： Apoptosis Cholestasis Liver Necrosis Oxidative stress Ursodeoxycholic acid