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Use of antibiotics in the treatment of Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第5期19卷 648-653页

作者： maria lia scribano Cosimo Prantera Gastroenterology Operative Unit Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini00152 RomeItaly

Many data coming from animal models and clinical observations support an involvement of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease(CD). It is hypothesized in fact,that the development of chronic intestinal inflammation is caused by an abnormal immune response to normal flora in genetically susceptible *** involvement of bacteria in CD inflammation has provided the rationale for including antibiotics in the therapeutic ***, randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate an efficacy of these drugs in patients with active uncomplicated CD,even if a subgroup of patients with colonic location seems to get benefit from antibiotics. Nitroimidazole compounds have been shown to be efficacious in decreasing CD recurrence rates in operated patients,and the use of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin is recommended in perianal ***,the appearance of systemic side effects limits antibiotic long-term employment necessary for treating a chronic relapsing ***,characterized by an excellent safety profile,has provided promising results in inducing remission of CD.

关键词： Antibiotics Crohn’s disease Gut microbiota Mycobacteria

Rifaximin and Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7487-7488页

作者： Cosimo Prantera maria lia scribano Gastroenterology Operative Unit Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini00152 RomeItaly

In a recent article,Longman and Swaminath analyzed our paper on the use of rifaximin in patients with moderately active Crohn’s disease(CD).Here we report some considerations concerning their *** exploratory post-hoc subgroup analysis showed that early-stage disease and,differently from that written by Longman and Swaminath,also colonic involvement seemed to be associated with a significant higher efficacy of rifaximin-EIR 800 mg twice ***-stage disease is generally considered as the more easily treatable phase of CD,and the better response to rifaximin in Crohn’s colitis is in accordance with the high concentration of bacteria in the *** addition,patients with C reactive protein level>5 mg/L achieved remission more significantly than patients with normal values,thus suggesting that the symptoms were probably caused by inflammation instead of by non-inflammatory *** also analyze the role of rifaximin against gut bacteria and the clinical situations that could obtain the best results from antibiotics.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Intestinal microbiota Nonabsorbable antibiotic Rifaximin

Predicting the aquatic risk of realistic pesticide mixtures to species assemblages in Portuguese river basins

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 12-20页

作者： Emília Silva Michiel A.Daam maria José Cerejeira Centro de Engenharia dos Biossistemas (CEER) Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA) University of Lisbon (UL) Tapada da Ajuda1349-017 Lisbon Portugal

Although pesticide regulatory tools are mainly based on individual substances, aquatic ecosystems are usually exposed to multiple pesticides from their use on the variety of crops within the catchment of a river. This study estimated the impact of measured pesticide mixtures in surface waters from 2002 and 2008 within three important Portuguese river basins（＇Mondego＇, ＇Sado＇ and ＇Tejo＇） on primary producers, arthropods and fish by toxic pressure calculation. Species sensitivity distributions（SSDs）, in combination with mixture toxicity models, were applied. Considering the differences in the responses of the taxonomic groups as well as in the pesticide exposures that these organisms experience, variable acute multi-substance potentially affected fractions（ms PAFs） were obtained. The median msP AF for primary producers and arthropods in surface waters of all river basins exceeded 5%, the cut-off value used in the prospective SSD approach for deriving individual environmental quality standards. A ranking procedure identified various photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, with oxadiazon having the relatively largest toxic effects on primary producers, while the organophosphorus insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and chlorpyrifos, and the organochloride endosulfan had the largest effects on arthropods and fish, respectively. These results ensure compliance with European legislation with regard to ecological risk assessment and management of pesticides in surface waters.

关键词： Pesticides Mixtures Risk assessment Multi-substance potentially affected fraction Surface waters

Effects of the availability of floral resources and neighboring plants on nectar robbery in a specialized pollination system

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 541-548页

作者： Júlia Mendonça Almeida Caio César Corrêa Missagia maria Alice Santos Alves Graduação Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)CEPAvenida Pasteur458Rio de Janeiro 22290-240Brazil Departamento de Ecologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes(IBRAG)Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e ComportamentoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil Departamento de Ecologia IBRAGLaboratório de Ecologia de Aves UERJ.Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil

Many plants pollinated by nectar-foraging animals have to maintain a balance between legitimate visitor attraction strategies and mechanisms that minimize illegitimate *** study investigated how floral display and neighboring species composition influences nectar robbing by hummingbirds in the tropical ornithophilous herb Heliconia *** tested the role of inflorescence display,flower abundance,and neighboring species in the reduction of nectar robbing in *** results indicate that nectar robbing hummingbird activity was higher in moderately large inflorescence displays and that the frequency of nectar robbing in *** decreases with increased flower abundance and the presence of neighboring plant *** non-ornithophilous plants decreased the frequency of nectar robbing in *** flowers to a greater extent than ornithophilous *** results suggest that nectar robbing hummingbirds are attracted to similar conditions that attract legitimate visitors and that spatial aggregation and mixed-species displays may represent a mechanism to dilute nectar robbing effects at an individual level.

关键词： Brazilian Atlantic forest density floral antagonists Heliconiaceae

How reliable is the ReaxFF potential for describing the structure of alkanethiols on gold?A molecular dynamics study

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第S1期5卷 137-145页

作者： Velachi Vasumathi José Luis Cagide Fajin maria Natália Dias Soeiro Cordeiro REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of PortoRua do Campo Alegre 6874168-007PortoPortugal

The structures of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)of short(methyl)and long(hexyl)chain alkyl thiols on the clean gold(111)surface were modeled using for the Au–S interactions either the reactive ReaxFF potential or the well-known nonreactive Morse potential,while for the Au–Au interactions either the ReaxFF potential or an embeddedatom method(EAM).Analysis of the molecular dynamics(MD)trajectories of possible SAM structures suggests that disordering of interfacial Au atoms is definitely driven by the gold–sulphur *** MD results reveal a novel structure where two methanethiol molecules are bound to a gold adatom that has been lifted from the surface at 300 K,and the same kind of RS–Au–SR motif was also observed for hexanethiol at 600 K but not at 300 *** is more,the above motif is only observed for the reactive ReaxFF ***,these results are in clear agreement with recent experiments and more costly first principles-based MD *** findings strongly support the use of reactive potentials such as ReaxFF for gathering an accurate description of Au–S interactions in inexpensive classical MD simulations.

关键词： Reactive potential alkanethiols self-assembled monolayers gold surface MD simulations

An easy,accurate and efficient procedure to create forest fire risk maps using the SEXTANTE plugin Modeler

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1361-1372页

作者： lia Duarte Ana Claudia Teododo Earth Sciences Institute(ICT) University of PortoRua Campo Alegre4169-007 PortoPortugal Department of Geosciences Environment and Land PlanningFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PortoRua Campo Alegre4169-007 PortoPortugal

To prevent, detect, and protect against forest fires, forest personnel need to define rules for determining forest fire risk. In Portugal, all municipalities must annually produce forest fire risk （FFR） maps. To produce more reliable FFR maps more easily, we developed an open source model using the Modeler plugin of SEXTANTE in the program QGIS version 2.0 Dufour. The model provides all the maps involved in the FFR model （susceptibility map, hazard map, vulnerability map, economic value map, and potential loss map） and was produced according to Portuguese Forest Authority＇s （AFN, Autoridade Florestal Nacional） rules for determining the FFR. This model was tested for the Portuguese municipality Santa maria da Feira, where 40 % of the total municipality area falls in the category ＂very high＂ or ＂high＂ fire risk. The ＂very high＂ fire risk area is mainly classified as broad-leaved forest and has the steepest slopes （〉15 %）. The distance of burned areas to roads was also analyzed; the proportion of burned areas increased with increasing distance to the main roads. In addition, 92.6 % of the ＂high＂ and ＂very high＂ risk zones were located in areas with lower elevation. These results confirmed that forest fire is strongly influenced not only by environmental factors but also by anthropogenic factors. The procedure implemented here was compared with our open source application already available in QGIS and also to the same procedure implemented in GIS pro- prietary software. Although the results were obviously the same, the model developed here presents several advan- tages over the other two approaches. Besides being faster, it is easy to change the model parameters according to user needs （i.e., to the rules of different countries）, and can be modified and adapted to other variables and other areas to create risk maps for different natural phenomena （e.g., floods, earthquakes, landslides）. The model is easy to use and to create risk and hazard maps rapidly in a free, open

关键词： Forest fire risk (FFR) maps SEXTANTE Modeler. QGIS Open source

Apoptosis induced by a low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet in rat livers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第22期22卷 5165-5172页

作者： maria Emília L Monteiro Analucia R Xavier Felipe L Oliveira Porphirio JS Filho Vilma B Azeredo Department of Internal Medicine Medicine College Fluminense Federal University Niteroi RJ 24030-210 Brazil Department of Pathology Medicine College Fluminense Federal University Niteroi RJ 24030-210 Brazil Biomedical Science Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-913 Brazil Department of Nutrition and Dietitian Nutrition College Fluminense Federal University Niteroi RJ 24030-210 Brazil

AIM: To determine whether high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diets can cause lesions in rat ***: We randomly divided 20 female Wistar rats into a control diet group and an experimental diet group. Animals in the control group received an AIN-93 M diet, and animals in the experimental group received an Atkins-based diet(59.46% protein, 31.77% fat, and 8.77% carbohydrate). After 8 wk, the rats were anesthetized and exsanguinated for transaminases analysis, and their livers were removed for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and light microscopy studies. We expressed the data as mean ± standard deviation(sd) assuming unpaired and parametric data; we analyzed differences using the student's t-test. statistical significance was set at P < ***: We found that plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. According to flow cytometry, the percentages of nonviable cells were 11.67% ± 1.12% for early apoptosis, 12.07% ± 1.11% for late apoptosis, and 7.11% ± 0.44% for non-apoptotic death in the experimental diet group and 3.73% ± 0.50% for early apoptosis, 5.67% ± 0.72% for late apoptosis, and 3.82% ± 0.28% for non-apoptotic death in the control diet group. The mean percentage of early apoptosis was higher in the experimental diet group than in the control diet group. Immunohistochemistry for autophagy was negative in both groups. sinusoidal dilation around the central vein and small hepatocytes was only observed in the experimental diet group, and fibrosis was not identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Trichrome Masson staining in either ***: Eight weeks of an experimental diet resulted in cellular and histopathological lesions in rat livers. Apoptosis was our principal finding; elevated plasma transaminases demonstrate hepatic lesions.

关键词： Apoptosis Liver injury High-protein diet High-fat diet Low-carbohydrate diet

Soil ecosystem changes by vegetation on old-field sites over five decades in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 667-677页

作者： Danielle Cristina Ortiz Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza Tatiani maria Pech Marie Luise Carolina Bartz Dilmar Baretta Alexandre Siminski Júlia Carina Niemeyer Federal University of Santa Catarina Ulysses Gaboardikm 3CuritibanosSC 89520-000Brazil Postgraduate Programme in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems(PPGEAN) Federal University of Santa CatarinaUlysses Gaboardikm 3CuritibanosSC 89520-000Brazil Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra3000-456 CoimbraPortugal Department of Animal Science UDESC OesteSanta Catarina State UniversityChapecóSC 89815-630Brazil

Vegetation types alter soil ecosystems by changing soil fauna community activities and soil physi-cal-chemical ***,it is unclear how tree species(natural forest,native and exotic tree plantations)promote changes in the soil ecosystem,and if these changes alter functional groups of soil fauna and ecosystem *** determine the effects of five decades of old-field veg-etation on soil ecosystems in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest,field sampling of three ecosystems(exotic tree species Pinus elliottii ***,endangered tree species Arau-caria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze plantation,and a natural ecosystem)were carried out,as well using bait-lamina tests and bioassays with collembolans,earthworms and seeds of Lactuca sativa *** sampling evaluated the soil fauna community and soil physical-chemical *** bait-lamina test in situ was carried out for 14-days to deter-mine fauna feeding activity,and the bioassays evaluated the reproduction of Folsomia candida,the avoidance of Eisenia andrei,and germination of *** in the soil from each *** results are:(1)vegetation type altered the soil fauna community composition;(2)soil fauna feeding was reduced in the plantations compared to the natural eco-system;(3)a physical barrier was created by recalcitrant litter that compromised fauna community structure and seed bank germination in situ;and,(4)changes in soil physical-chemical properties promoted decomposers.

关键词： Endangered tree species Exotic tree species Forest ecosystem Soil fauna functional groups Soil invertebrates

Nerve growth factor involvement in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 4986-4995页

作者： Guido Rasi Annalucia Serafino lia Bellis maria Teresa Lonardo Federica Andreola Manuela Zonfrillo Giovanni Vennarecci Pasquale Pierimarchi Paola Sinibaldi Vallebona Giuseppe maria Ettorre Eugenio Santoro Claudio Puoti Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine National Research Council Rome Italy Hepatic Haemodynamic Unit Marino Hospital Rome Italy Division of Surgical Oncology and Liver Transplantation Regina Elena Cancer Institute Rome Italy Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome Italy Department of Internal Medicine and DigestiveDiseases Marino Hospital Rome Italy

AIM: To define NGF (nerve growth factor) and its high- affinity receptor trkANGF presence and distribution in fibrotic liver and in HCC, and to verify if NGF might have a role in fibrosis and HCC. METHODS: Intracellular distribution of NGF and trkANGF were assessed by immunohistochemistry and immuno- electron microscopy in liver specimens from HCC, cirrhosis or both. ELISA was used to measure circulating NGF levels. RESULTS: NGF and trkANGF were highly expressed in HCC tissue, mainly localized in hepatocytes, endothelial and some Kupffer cells. In the cirrhotic part of the liver they were also markedly expressed in bile ducts epithelial and spindle-shaped cells. Surprisingly, in cirrhotic tissue from patients without HCC, both NGF and trkANGF were negative. NGF serum levels in cirrhotic and/or HCC patient were up to 25-fold higher than in controls. CONCLUSION: NGF was only detected in liver tissue with HCC present. Intracellular distribution suggests paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of action. Better definition of mechanisms may allow for therapeutic and diagnostic/prognostic use of NGF.

关键词： Nerve growth factor Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cirrhosis Confocal microscopy Transmission electron microscopy