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Development and Optimization of an Alternative Methodology for Detection of Milk Adulteration by Water

Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2013年第7期3卷 363-370页

作者： Wesley William Gongalves Nascimento Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira1 Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira Marco Antonio Moreira Furtado Virgilio de Carvalho dos Anjos maria jose valenzuela bell Department of Physics Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Campus CEP 36036-330 Juiz de Fora-MG Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Campus CEP 36036-330 Juiz de Fora-MG Brazil Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Campus CEP 36036-330 Juiz de Fora-MG Brazil

This paper presents a process which allows the determination of milk adulteration by water. Considering the limitations of the reference method （cryoscopy）, the proposed methodology matches electrical conductivity and cryoscopy index measurements. Based on statistical procedures, a linear descriptive model is achieved to quantify adulteration of milk with water. It is also shown that electrical conductivity measurements allow the detection of adulteration with water and sodium chloride.

关键词： Milk electrical conductivity cryoscopy adulteration water.

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Effect of oxygen and nitrogen functionalization on the physical and electronic structure of graphene

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2620-2635页

作者： Alexander J. Marsden Peter Brommer James J. Mudd M. Adam Dyson Robert Cook maria Asensio jose Avila Ana Levy Jeremy Sloan David Quigley Gavin R. bell Neil R. Wilson Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Centre for Scientific Computing University of Warwick Coventry UK Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin-BP 48 91192 Gifsur Yvette Cedex France

Covalent functionalization of graphene offers opportunities for tailoring its properties and is an unavoidable consequence of some graphene synthesis techniques. However, the changes induced by the functionalization are not well understood. By using atomic sources to control the extent of the oxygen and nitrogen functionalization, we studied the evolution in the structure and properties at the atomic scale. Atomic oxygen reversibly introduces epoxide groups whilst, under similar conditions, atomic nitrogen irreversibly creates diverse functionalities including substitutional, pyridinic, and pyrrolic nitrogen. Atomic oxygen leaves the Fermi energy at the Dirac point （i.e., undoped）, whilst atomic nitrogen results in a net n-doping; however, the experimental results are consistent with the dominant electronic effect for both being a transition from delocalized to localized states, and hence the loss of the signature electronic structure of graphene.

关键词： graphene functionalization chemical vapor deposition density functional theory

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