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Influence of grazing exclosure on vegetation biomass and soil quality

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 62-68页

作者： Shagufta Qasim Shamim Gul maria hussain shah Fayyaz hussain Sarfraz Ahmad Muhammad Islam Gulbano Rehman Muhammad Yaqoob Syed Qasim shah Department of Plant Sciences Sardar Bahadur Khan Women UniversityQuettaBalochistanPakistan Department of Botany University of BalochistanSarab roadQuettaBalochistanPakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University QCCanada Land Resources Research Institute National Agricultural Research CentrePakistan Agriculture Research CouncilIslamabadPakistan Rangeland Research Centre National Agricultural Research CentrePakistan Agriculture Research CouncilIslamabadPakistan Small Ruminant Production Scientist Diversification&Sustainable Intensification of Production System Program(DSIPSP)International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA)Pakistan OfficeNational Agricultural Research CenterPark RoadIslamabadPakistan Department of Chemistry University of BalochistanQuettaPakistan

This study investigated the influence of sixteen years exclosure from unmanaged grazing on aboveground vegetation biomass,soil organic matter(SOM),soil aggregation and nitrogen(N)mineralization in arid shrubland of Baluchistan,*** was carried out from three sites along the chronosequence of secondary *** site was located at open-for-grazing area(grazed site)and the other two sites were located in the area that is protected since *** of the protected site is more remote from grazing(protected site 1)where the land is less disturbed and has thick vegetation than the other protected site(protected site 2).Results showed a significant difference for aboveground vegetation biomass across sites and was in the order of protected site 1>protected site 2>grazed *** organic matter was 53% and 46% higher in protected sites than grazed *** larger than 2 mm size were not detected in soil from grazed site but represented 4.5% and 3% of the sample soil profile at the protected site 1 and protected site 2,*** of N mineralization was lower in soils at the grazed site as compared to soils at the protected *** moisture contents were significantly lower at grazed site and showed a strong positive correlation with aboveground vegetation *** study demonstrates that unmanaged grazing severely affected aboveground vegetation biomass,soil organic matter,large-sized soil aggregates,nitrogen mineralization and soil moisture *** term exclosure from grazing(~16 years)can enhance aboveground vegetation biomass and soil quality in terms of soil organic matter accumulation,soil aggregation,retention of soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization in this arid rangeland.

关键词： Rangeland Grazing Soil organic matter Aggregation Nitrogen mineralization

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Outcomes and variables that impact pneumatic retinopexies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 564-569页

作者： maria V.Castanos Daniel Vail Oscar Otero-Marquez Yash shah Avnish Deobhakta New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai New York 10003New YorkUSA

●AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of pneumatic retinopexy(PR)in patients undergoing PR as primary treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)and analyze the factors associated with success and failure in the studied population.●METHODS:A retrospective chart review was done of patients with RRD treated with PR as primary management method treated at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai between January 2017 and December *** outcome measured success or failure of *** outcome measured best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)after PR.A separate risk analysis was done to identify and stratify risks associated with success and failure of PR.●RESULTS:A total of 179 eyes from 179 patients were included for final *** 83 patients(46.37%)achieved anatomical reattachment of the retina after primary PR with no need for additional *** 96 patients(53.63%)had a failed primary PR and required a PPV and 6 of them required pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)with scleral buckle(SB).In total,19 cases(10.61%)were done as temporizing pneumatics,18(94.74%)underwent PPV,and 1(5.26%)did not require further *** visual acuities at postoperative month 1(POM1)for patients who underwent primary PR successfully and for those that underwent PPV after,were 0.58(20/80)and 1.03(20/200)*** who met Pneumatic Retinopexy Versus Vitrectomy for the Management of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Outcomes Randomized Trial(PIVOT)criteria had a statistically significant decreased risk of primary PR failing(hazard ratio 0.29,P=0.00).Majority of missed or new breaks were found superotemporally.●CONCLUSION:PR is a good treatment option for treating RRDs in patients that meet PIVOT criteria and can be conducted as a temporizing *** criteria and fovea on status decrease the risk of PR failure.

关键词： retina pneumatic retinopexy rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

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Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： maria Cristina Lavagnolo Valentina Poli Anna maria Zampini Valentina Grossule Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and CO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring *** definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should *** regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as ***,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process *** these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is *** authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research *** Oxygen Demand(BOD),CO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of *** results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of *** confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic Natural environment Plastic waste

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Carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Emanuele Blasi maria Vincenza Chiriaco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(CMCC) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(C).However,the C dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly *** we investigated the C mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change *** analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic C(SOC)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was *** have an idea of the maximum C stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also *** the plantation,C accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg C ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOC was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOC stock did not *** 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOC,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by *** comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher C levels in all the *** C dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial C removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising C sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Med

关键词： Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

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Has the open surgical approach in colorectal cancer really become uncommon?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1485-1492页

作者： maria Cariati Giuseppe Brisinda maria Michela Chiarello Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CrotoneCrotone 88900Italy Abdominal and Endocrine Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the *** is man-datory to treat patients with colorectal *** colorectal cancer be treated in laparoscopy?Scientific literature has validated the oncological quality of laparo-scopic approach for the treatment of patients with colorectal *** non-inferiority trials with good remote control have answered positively to this long-debated *** as 1994,first publications demonstrated technical feasibility and compliance with oncological imperatives and,as far as short-term outcomes are concerned,there is no difference in terms of mortality and post-operative morbidity between open and minimally invasive surgical approaches,but only longer operating times at the beginning of the ***,from 2007 onwards,long-term results were published that demonstrated the ab-sence of a significant difference regarding overall survival,disease-free survival,quality of life,local and distant recurrence rates between open and minimally in-vasive *** this editorial,we aim to summarize the clinical and technical aspects which,even today,make the use of open surgery relevant and necessary in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Laparoscopy Laparoscopic colorectal resection Bowel obstruction Bowel perforation Advanced colorectal cancer

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History of chronic gastritis:How our perceptions have changed

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1851-1858页

作者： Dmitry Bordin maria Livzan Department of Pancreatic Biliary and Upper GI Tract DiseasesA.S.Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific CenterMoscow 111123Russia Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology Russian University of MedicineMoscow 127006Russia Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine Tver State Medical UniversityTver 170100Russia Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Omsk State Medical UniversityOmsk 644099Russia

Currently,the diagnostic strategy for chronic gastritis(CG)is aimed not just at fixing the presence of gastric mucosal inflammation,but also at gastric cancer(GC)risk stratification in a particular *** classification approach with the definition of the stage of gastritis determines the need,activities and frequency of dynamic monitoring of a ***,this attitude to the patient suffering from CG was far from *** present publication is a literature review describing the key milestones in the history of CG research,from the description of the first observations of inflammation of the gastric mucosa,assessment of gastritis as a predominantly functional disease,to the advent of endoscopy of the upper digestive tract and diagnostic gastric biopsy,assessment of the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in progression of inflammatory changes to atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia and GC.

关键词： Chronic gastritis Intestinal metaplasia Dysplasia Gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori

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Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2739-2771页

作者： Quanqi SHI Shutao YAO maria HAMRIN Ji LIU Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Department of Physics UmeåUniversityUmeå90746Sweden Department of Physics University of AlbertaEdmonton T6K 2P6Canada

Magnetic holes at the ion-to-electron kinetic scale(KSMHs)are one of the extremely small intermittent structures generated in turbulent magnetized *** recent years,the explorations of KSMHs have made substantial strides,driven by the ultra-high-precision observational data gathered from the Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS)*** review paper summarizes the up-to-date characteristics of the KSMHs observed in Earth’s turbulent magnetosheath,as well as their potential impacts on space *** review starts by introducing the fundamental properties of the KSMHs,including observational features,particle behaviors,scales,geometries,and distributions in terrestrial *** have discovered that KSMHs display a quasi-circular electron vortex-like structure attributed to electron diamagnetic *** electrons exhibit noticeable non-gyrotropy and undergo *** occurrence rate of KSMH in the Earth’s magnetosheath is significantly greater than in the solar wind and magnetotail,suggesting the turbulent magnetosheath is a primary source ***,KSMHs have also been generated in turbulence simulations and successfully reproduced by the kinetic equilibrium ***,KSMHs have demonstrated their ability to accelerate electrons by a novel non-adiabatic electron acceleration mechanism,serve as an additional avenue for energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection,and generate diverse wave phenomena,including whistler waves,electrostatic solitary waves,and electron cyclotron waves in space *** results highlight the magnetic hole’s impact such as wave-particle interaction,energy cascade/dissipation,and particle acceleration/heating in space *** end this paper by summarizing these discoveries,discussing the generation mechanism,similar structures,and observations in the Earth’s magnetotail and solar wind,and presenting a future extension perspective in this active field.

关键词： Magnetic hole Magnetic dip/cavity Electron vortex Magnetosheath Turbulence Coherent structure Mirror mode Kinetic scale Electron acceleration Whistler

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Co-Optimization of Behind-the-Meter and Front-of-Meter Value Streams in Community Batteries

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 334-345页

作者： Carmen Bas Domenech Antonella maria De Corato Pierluigi Mancarella University of Melbourne Parkville 2010VictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchesterU.K. IEEE

Community batteries(CBs)are emerging to support and even enable energy communities and generally help consumers,especially space-constrained ones,to access potential techno-economic benefits from storage and support local grid ***,the economic viability of CB projects is often *** this regard,typical feasibility studies assess CB value for behind-the-meter(BTM)operation or whole-sale market participation,i.e.,front-of-meter(FOM).This work proposes a novel techno-economic operational framework that allows systematic assessment of the different options and introduces a two-meter architecture that co-optimizes both BTM and FOM benefits.A real CB project application in Australia is used to demonstrate the significant two-meter co-optimization opportunities that could enhance the business case of CB and energy communities by multi-service provision and value stacking.

关键词： Behind-the-meter community battery distributed energy resource(DER) energy community front-of-meter value stacking

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Tocotrienol isoforms:The molecular mechanisms underlying their effects in cancer therapy and their implementation in clinical trials

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 1-11页

作者： maria Younes Ghady Loubnane Christopher Sleiman Sandra Rizk Department of Natural Sciences Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon

Tocotrienols are found in a variety of natural sources,like rice bran,annatto seeds and palm oil,and have been shown to have several health-promoting properties,particularly against chronic diseases such as *** incidence of cancer is rapidly increasing around the world,not only a result of continued aging and population growth,but also due to the adoption of aspects of the Western lifestyle,such as high-fat diets and low-physical *** literature provides strong evidence that tocotrienols are able to inhibit the growth of various cancers,including breast,lung,ovarian,prostate,liver,brain,colon,myeloma and pancreatic *** findings,along with the reported safety profile of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers,encourage further research into these compounds’potential use in cancer prevention and *** current review provided detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of action of different tocotrienol isoforms in various cancer models and evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of different vitamin E analogues on important cancer hallmarks,such as cellular proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis and ***/PubMed and Scopus databases were used to identify recently published articles that investigated the anticancer effects of vitamin E derivatives in various types of cancer in vitro and in vivo along with clinical evidence of adjuvant chemopreventive *** an overview of pre-clinical studies,we describe several completed and ongoing clinical trials that are paving the way for the successful implementation of tocotrienols in cancer chemotherapy.

关键词： Vitamin E Tocotrienols Cancer Molecular mechanism Clinical trials

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Transcriptomic analysis reveals that NIBAN1 overexpression is associated with BRAF^(V600E)mutation and increases the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 16-19页

作者： Paula Diana Thaise Nayane Ribeiro Carneiro Janete maria Cerutti Reginaldo Massanobu Kuroshu Gianna maria Griz Carvalheira Division of Genetics Department of Morphology and GeneticsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloRua Botucatu740Edificio Leitaoda Cunha1AndarSao PauloSP04023900Brazil Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory Division of GeneticsDepartment of Morphology and GeneticsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloPedro de Toledo 66911AndarSao PauloSP 04039-032Brazil Institute of Science and Technology Universidade Federal de Sao PauloAv Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes1201Eugenio deMelloSaoJose dos CamposSP12247-014Brazil

NIBAN1 overexpression has been reported in a widerange of thyroid carcinoma subtypes,and in other cancers,while it is not expressed in thyroid benign lesions and normal thy-roid.1-3 However,the mechanism associated with its expression and prognostic value remains *** this study,six independent cohorts were enrolled,in which NIBAN1 expression was evaluated.A total of 583patients with thyroid tumors,326 patients with skin cancers,293 patients with colorectal carcinoma,and 189 patients with lung carcinoma were analyzed.

关键词： BRAF lesions BAN

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