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Big Data Analytics for Earth Sciences:the EarthServer approach

International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第1期9卷 3-29页

作者： Peter Baumann Paolo Mazzetti Joachim Ungar Roberto Barbera Damiano Barboni Alan Beccati Lorenzo Bigagli Enrico Boldrini Riccardo Bruno Antonio Calanducci Piero Campalani Oliver Clements Alex Dumitrua,Mike Grant Pasquale Herzig George Kakaletris John Laxton Panagiota Koltsida Kinga Lipskoch Alireza Rezaei Mahdiraji Simone Mantovani Vlad Merticariu Antonio Messina Dimitar Misev Stefano Natali Stefano Nativi Jelmer Oosthoek Marco Pappalardo James Passmore Angelo Pio Rossi Francesco Rundo Marcus Sen Vittorio Sorbera Don Sullivan Mario Torrisi Leonardo Trovato maria grazia veratelli Sebastian Wagner Large-Scale Scientific Information Systems Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany Rasdaman GmbH BremenGermany CNR-IIA National Research Council of ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Pollution ResearchFlorenceItaly EOX IT Services GmbH ViennaAustria Consorzio COMETA CataniaItaly Division of Catania Italian National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsCataniaItaly Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CataniaCataniaItaly MEEO S.r.l. FerraraItaly Plymouth Marine Laboratory PlymouthUK Fraunhofer IGD DarmstadtGermany Athena Research and Innovation Center in Information Communication&Knowledge Technologies AthensGreece British Geological Survey EdinburghUK Software Engineering Italia S.r.l. CataniaItaly British Geological Survey KeyworthUK NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCAUSA

Big Data Analytics is an emerging field since massive storage and computing capabilities have been made available by advanced *** and Environmental sciences are likely to benefit from Big Data Analytics techniques supporting the processing of the large number of Earth Observation datasets currently acquired and generated through observations and ***,Earth Science data and applications present specificities in terms of relevance of the geospatial information,wide heterogeneity of data models and formats,and complexity of ***,Big Earth Data Analytics requires specifically tailored techniques and *** EarthServer Big Earth Data Analytics engine offers a solution for coverage-type datasets,built around a high performance array database technology,and the adoption and enhancement of standards for service interaction(OGC WCS and WCPS).The EarthServer solution,led by the collection of requirements from scientific communities and international initiatives,provides a holistic approach that ranges from query languages and scalability up to mobile access and *** result is demonstrated and validated through the development of lighthouse applications in the Marine,Geology,Atmospheric,Planetary and Cryospheric science domains.

关键词： big data Big Data Analytics array databases Earth Sciences interoperability standards

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Ex vivo models of retinal neurovascular diseases

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 1-7页

作者： maria grazia Rossino Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly

Background:The ex vivo model represented by mouse retinal explants in culture is a useful experimental model to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in neurovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy(DR).It ensures an experimental overview with more complete respect to isolate cells and reduce problems in terms of accessibility and management with respect to in vivo *** particular,it allows the evaluation of the relationship between retinal cells in response to the typical stressors involved in DR ***:Ex vivo retinal fragments derived from 3-to 5-week-old C57BL/6J *** particular,after dissection,the retina is cut into 4 separate fragments and transferred onto inserts placed with ganglion cells *** in culture,the explants could be treated in stress conditions typical of *** particular,this study protocol describes the procedure for the preparation and the culture of retinal explants with specific metabolic stressors such as high glucose(HG),advanced glycation end product(AGE),and oxidative stress(OS).In the end,this paper provides the protocols to perform molecular analyses in order to evaluate the response of retinal explants to stress and/or neuroprotective ***:The cultured retinal explants represent an ex vivo experimental model to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in neurovascular diseases such as ***,they could be useful to test the effect of neuroprotective compounds in response to metabolic stressors in a fewer time respect to an in vivo *** conclusion,retinal explants in culture represent a valuable experimental model to conduct further studies to better understand the pathophysiology of DR.

关键词： Retinal explants diabetic retinopathy(DR) neurovascular diseases

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Specific contribution of mannose-binding lectin murine isoforms to brain ischemia/reperfusion injury

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第3期17卷 218-226页

作者： Laura Neglia Marco Oggioni Domenico Mercurio maria-grazia De Simoni Stefano Fumagalli1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Department of NeuroscienceMilanItaly

Mannose-binding lectin(MBL),an initiator of the lectin pathway(LP)of complement activation,is detrimental in ischemic stroke,as shown in clinical studies and rodent *** humans have one functional MBL protein,rodents have two isoforms,MBL-A and MBL-C,whose functions relative to that of human MBL are *** permit the clinical translation of preclinical data,we aimed to define the specific contributions of MBL-A and MBL-C to brain *** subjected mice with double(MBL^(−/−))or single(MBL-A^(−/−)or MBL-C^(−/−))MBL isoform depletion to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAo).MBL^(−/−) mice had fewer neurological deficits and smaller ischemic lesions than WT ***-A^(−/−) mice had smaller lesions than WT mice and exhibited no significant behavioral defects,whereas MBL-C^(−/−) mice did not differ from WT *** induction of Mbl1 and Mbl2(the MBL-A and MBL-C genes)expression 48 h after tMCAo was similar across *** time course of Mbl1 and Mbl2 expression in WT ischemic mice showed that Mbl1 activation occurred earlier(24 h)than Mbl2 activation(48 h).The plasma levels of MBL-A and MBL-C in MBL-C^(−/−) and MBL-A^(−/−) mice,respectively,were similar to those in WT mice both at baseline and at 48 h after *** 48 h,MBL-A^(−/−)ischemic mice showed higher MBL-C levels in the brain than WT *** and MBL-C^(−/−) ischemic mice had higher LP activity in plasma and,accordingly,higher levels of C3 deposition in the brain than MBL-A^(−/−) and MBL^(−/−) *** conclusion,mice with depletion of both MBL isoforms exhibited strong protection from ischemia/reperfusion ***-A was the main contributor to injury,likely owing to its earlier activation after ischemia and more efficient activation of the complement system than MBL-C.

关键词： injury depletion likely

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Emerging actionable targets to treat therapyresistant colorectal cancers

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第1期5卷 36-63页

作者： Emanuela Grassilli maria grazia Cerrito Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

In the last two decades major improvements have been reached in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)and,besides chemotherapy,an ampler choice of therapeutic approaches is now available,including targeted and *** that,CRC remains a“big killer”mainly due to the development of resistance to therapies,especially when the disease is diagnosed after it is already *** the same time,our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance has been rapidly expanding which allows the development of novel therapeutic options in order to overcome *** far as resistance to chemotherapy is concerned,several contributors have been identified such as:intake/efflux systems upregulation;alterations in the DNA damage response,due to defect in the DNA checkpoint and repair systems;dysregulation of the expression of apoptotic/anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family;overexpression of oncogenic kinases;the presence of cancer stem cells;and the composition of the tumoral microenvironment and that of the gut ***,several mechanisms are also involved in the resistance to targeted and/or *** example,overexpression and/or hyperactivation and/or amplification of oncogenic kinases can sustain resistance to targeted therapy whereas the composition of the gut microbiota,as well as that of the tumoral niche,and defects in DNA repair systems are crucial for determining the response to *** this review we will make an overview of the main resistance mechanisms identified so far and of the new therapeutic approaches to overcome it.

关键词： Colorectal cancer resistance chemotherapy target therapy EGFR ERBB2 MET BRAF kinase inhibitors immune checkpoint inhibitors gut microbiota

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Thermal Radiation Modelling in Tunnel Fires

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2011年第3期3卷 327-353页

作者： Paolo Ciambelli maria grazia Meo Paola Russo Salvatore Vaccaro Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salernovia Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano(SA)Italy

Modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)is by now effectively used in fire research and hazard *** on the scenario,radiative heat transfer can play a very important role in enclosure combustion events such as tunnel *** this work,the importance of radiation and the effect of the use of different approaches to account for it were ***,small-scale tunnel fire simulations were performed and the results compared with experimental data,then realistic full-scale scenarios were *** results show up the capability of CFD modelling to reproduce with good approximation tunnel *** proved to be noteworthy mainly when the scale of the fire is relatively *** the various approaches employed to simulate radiation,the use of the Discrete Transfer model gave the most accurate results,mainly when the absorption-emission characteristics of the combustion products were taken into ***,the suitability of the use of CFD in quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis is discussed.

关键词： CFD radiation modelling fire hazard analysis tunnel fires

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Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Recent solutions, unresolved issues, and future research directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第36期22卷 8078-8093页

作者： maria grazia Clemente Claudia Mandato Marco Poeta Pietro Vajro Pediatric Clinic Department of SurgicalMicrosurgical and Medical SciencesUniversity of Sassari07100 SassariItaly Pediatrics of AORN Santobono-Pausilipon 80123 NaplesItaly Pediatrics Department of MedicineSurgery and Dentistry'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of Salerno84081 BaronissiItaly ELFID European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease 80138 NaplesItaly

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in children is becoming a major health concern. A "multiple-hit" pathogenetic model has been suggested to explain the progressive liver damage that occurs among children with NAFLD. In addition to the accumulation of fat in the liver, insulin resistance(IR) and oxidative stress due to genetic/epigenetic background, unfavorable lifestyles, gut microbiota and gut-liver axis dysfunction, and perturbations of trace element homeostasis have been shown to be critical for disease progression and the development of more severe inflammatory and fibrotic stages [non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)]. Simple clinical and laboratory parameters, such as age, history, anthropometrical data(BMI and waist circumference percentiles), blood pressure, surrogate clinical markers of IR(acanthosis nigricans), abdominal ultrasounds, and serum transaminases, lipids and glucose/insulin profiles, allow a clinician to identify children with obesity and obesity-related conditions, including NAFLD and cardiovascular and metabolic risks. A liver biopsy(the "imperfect" gold standard) is required for a definitive NAFLD/NASH diagnosis, particularly to exclude other treatable conditions or when advanced liver disease is expected on clinical and laboratory grounds and preferably prior to any controlled trial of pharmacological/surgical treatments. However, a biopsy clearly cannot represent a screening procedure. Advancements in diagnostic serum and imaging tools, especially for the non-invasive differentiation between NAFLD and NASH, have shown promising results, e.g., magnetic resonance elastography. Weight loss and physical activity should be the first option of *** pharmacological treatments are still under development; however, drugs targeting IR, oxidative stress, proinflammatory pathways, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota and gut liver axis dysfunction are an option for patients who are unable to comply with the recommended lifestyle changes

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Childhood obesity Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatic metabolic syndrome Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis

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Prolonged exposure of colon cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib(Iressa^(TM))and to the antiangiogenic agent ZD6474:Cytotoxic and biomolecular effects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第32期12卷 5140-5147页

作者： Amalia Azzariti Letizia Porcelli Jian-Ming Xu grazia maria Simone Angelo Paradiso Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory National Cancer Institute Bari Italy Beijing 307 Hospital Cancer Center Beijing 100039 China

AIM： To analyze the biological effects of prolonged in vitro exposure of HT-29 and LoVo colon cancer cell lines to gefitinib （Iressa^TM）, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） activity, and ZD6474, an inhibitor of both KDR and EGFR activities. METHODS： Cells were treated with each drug for up to 2 wk using either a continuous or an intermittent （4 d of drug exposure followed by 3 d of washout each week） schedule. RESULTS： In both cell types, prolonged exposure （up to 14 d） to gefitinib or ZD6474 produced a similar inhibition of cell growth that was persistent and independent of the treatment schedule. The effects on cell growth were associated with a pronounced inhibition of p-EGFR and/ or p-KDR expression. Treatment with gefitinib or ZD6474 also inhibited the expression of EGFR downstream signal molecules, p-Erkl/2 and p-Akt, although the magnitude of these effects varied between treatments and cell lines. Furthermore, expression of the drug resistance-related protein ABCG2 was shown to significantly increase after 14 d of continuous exposure to the two drugs. CONCLUSION： We conclude that long-term exposure of colon cancer cells to gefitinib and ZD6474 does not modify their cytotoxic effects but it might have an effect on sensitivity to classical cytotoxic drugs.

关键词： Gefitinib ZD6474 Colon cancer Tyrosine ki-nase Chemo-resistance

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pFTAA: a high affinity oligothiophene probe that detects filamentous tau in vivo and in cultured neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1746-1747页

作者： Jack Brelstaff maria grazia Spillantini Aviva M.Tolkovsky Department of Clinical Neurosciences The Clifford Allbutt Building University of Cambridge

Tauopathies describe a group of neurodegenerative diseases in which the protein tau,encoded by the gene MAPT,is aberrantly misfolded,leading to tau aggregation,neural dysfunction,and cell death（Spillantini and Goedert,2013）.In Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）,tau forms the characteristic intracellular neurofibrillary tangles（NFTs）,which are thought to be the major cause of neurodegeneration（Bloom,2014）.In other tauopathies,including frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromo- some 17 （FTDP-17T）, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy, there are specific forms of tau aggregates and filaments without any amyloid pathology, demonstrating tau＇s po- tent disease-causing potential （Spillantini and Goedert, 2013）. Tau is a microtubule （MT） binding protein, which becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated on several residues prior/during the process of aggregation, thereby causing loss of its MT binding activity （Mandelkow and Mandelkow, 2012）.

关键词： pFTAA a high affinity oligothiophene probe that detects filamentous tau in vivo and in cultured neurons high

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Modelling the dynamics of exchanged novel coronavirus(2019-nCov)between regions in terms of time and space

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 714-719页

作者： Massimo Fioranelli maria grazia Roccia A.Beesham Istituto Terapie Sistemiche Integrate Via Flaminia 44900181RomeItaly Faculty of Natural Sciences Mangosuthu University of TechnologyP O Box 12363Umlazi4026South Africa

To date,many models have been proposed which estimate the transmission risk of COVID-19 in terms of time;however,its dependency on space dimensions has been *** this research,by multiplying risk parameters in certain regions and bridging,we obtain a stable action,which means that the transmission risk worldwide could shrink to a ***,by increasing the risk parameters in one region,the risk parameters in other regions ***,by adding space dimensions to the parameters in transmission risk models,and using the wave equations of manifolds for the regions,we obtain the dynamics of the exchanged novel coronavirus(2019-nCov)between *** calculate the risk factors of COVID19 for different regions in this model,and observe that they are in good agreement with experimental data.

关键词： COVID19 Transmission risk Time Region Space

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The emerging role of probiotics in neurodegenerative diseases:new hope for Parkinson’s disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 628-634页

作者： Vanessa Castelli Michele d’Angelo Massimiliano Quintiliani Elisabetta Benedetti maria grazia Cifone Annamaria Cimini Department of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaItaly SIRE Srl NaplesItaly Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Department of BiologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Neurodegenerative disease etiology is still unclear,but different contributing factors,such as lifestyle and genetic factors are *** components of the gut could play a key role in the gut-brain axis,which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous *** in the composition of the gut microbiota and its function between healthy people and patients have been reported for a variety of human disorders comprising metabolic,autoimmune,cancer,and,notably,neurodegenerative *** can alter the microbiota composition,affecting the gutbrain axis *** nutraceutical interventions have been devoted to normalizing gut microbiome dysbiosis and to improving biological outcomes in neurological conditions,including the use of *** and clinical investigations discussed in this review strengthen the correlation between intestinal microbiota and brain and the concept that modifying the microbiome composition may improve brain neurochemistry,modulating different *** review will discuss the potential use of probiotics for Parkinson’s disease prevention or treatment or as adjuvant therapy,confirming that gut microbiota modulation influences different pro-survival *** investigations in Parkinson’s disease should consider the role of the gut-brain axis and additional comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is extremely necessary.

关键词： age-related diseases brain dysbiosis gut-brain axis microbiota neurodegeneration nutraceuticals Parkinson’s disease probiotics SLAB51

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