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The Correct Reissner-Nordstrøm, Kerr and Kerr-Newman Metrics

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第10期15卷 1502-1522页

作者： Carlo maria Pace ICRANet Pescara Italy

In a very recent article of mine I have corrected the traditional derivation of the Schwarzschild metric thus arriving to formulate a correct Schwarzschild metric different from the traditional Schwarzschild metric. In this article, starting from this correct Schwarzschild metric, I also propose corrections to the other traditional Reissner-Nordstrøm, Kerr and Kerr-Newman metrics on the basis of the fact that these metrics should be equal to the correct Schwarzschild metric in the borderline case in which they reduce to the case described by this metric. In this way, we see that, like the correct Schwarzschild metric, also the correct Reissner-Nordstrøm, Kerr and Kerr-Newman metrics do not present any event horizon (and therefore do not present any black hole) unlike the traditional Reissner-Nordstrøm, Kerr and Kerr-Newman metrics.

关键词： General Theory of Relativity Schwarzschild Reissner-Nordstrøm Kerr Kerr-Newman Metric Event Horizon Black Hole

Major- and Trace- Element Chemistry of Clinopyroxene and Amphibole from High-Mg Diorite in Chelyabinsk Massif(Urals): Insights into Petrogenesis and Magma Source Constraints

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Tatiana Osipova Gennadiy Kallistov maria Chervyakovskaya Vasiliy Chervyakovskiy Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry，Ural Branch of RAS

Field- and petrographic investigations， together with microanalytical major- and trace-element studies， were carried out on clinopyroxene and amphibole from high-Mg diorite in the subduction-related Chelyabinsk granitic massif to understand its petrogenesis and source. The clinopyroxene composition (high Mg#， Cr-content， sum of REE and Ti/Eu ratio; depletion in HREE; negative Eu-anomaly) indicates that it formed from a reduced melt derived from a mantle source metasomatized by fluids/melts having crustal affinity. Melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxene and amphibole were calculated using solid/liquid partition coefficients. The high Nb/Y and Zr/Y ratio values of a liquid simulated from clinopyroxene， which appears to have very similar characteristics to sanukitoid melts， indicate a low degree of melting of the mantle source. Melt simulated from amphibole is more evolved and more felsic (dacitic). It displays a geochemical “amphibole fractionation” signature， indicating the peritectic transformation of clinopyroxene to amphibole in the lower crust. Rock textures and major element mineral compositions suggest that further amphibole was precipitated directly from the melt in the middle crust. The results show that the Chelyabinsk high-Mg diorite was probably formed as a cumulate from sanukitoid-like melt during its ascent and cooling below dacitic liquidus inside the amphibole stability field.

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Comparison between Liver Cancer Mortality Rates in China and Spain

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第10期12卷 831-833页

作者： Javier Guinea-Castanares Jesus maria Iturralde Iriso Irune Natalia Elizondo Pinillos Gloria Martinez Iniesta Osakidetza Basque Health Service Ringgold Standard Institution(16651) Vitoria-GasteizSpain

Dear Editors,We have read with interest the article by Liu H et al.1 published in your journal regarding liver cancer mortality in China and would like to compare it with that of our country,Spain,which is a European ... 详细信息

关键词： al. mortality Cancer

On the Range of Action of Adult Culex pipiens s.l.

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 113-121页

作者： maria da Conceição Proença maria Teresa Rebelo Department of Physics and MARE-ULisboa Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Department of Animal Biology and CESAM_Ciências Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

Mosquitoes are an interesting topic due to their medical importance, as they play an active role in the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, acting as vectors for various pathologies that are deadly to humans, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, encephalitis and malaria, among many others that are less common. In terms of morbidity and mortality caused by vector-borne diseases, mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals for humanity and, although they also play a role in the ecosystem as a food source for other organisms, their importance for public health cannot be overlooked. As highly efficient vectors, they put more than three billion people at risk, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions as well as in Europe, since heat waves and flooding are becoming more frequent and severe, and summers are getting longer and warmer, accelerating mosquito development, biting rates, and the incubation of the pathogens within their bodies. Female mosquitoes bite to acquire proteins for the development of their ovaries and eggs and, in the process, acquire pathogens and/or parasites from one vertebrate host and transmit them to another, usually after a short period of replication. Three of their four life stages are lived in still freshwater, so it is crucial to understand their range of action when they reach adulthood and leave the water, in order to plan and implement local prevention measures. A set of georeferenced abundance data collected in mainland Portugal over seven years was linked to cartographed water bodies in a geographic information system to estimate the distances at which Culex pipiens s.l. had a significant presence, with criteria based on the size of the catches. The result allows for an estimate of the fly range of those mosquitoes, which can be used to focus countermeasures.

关键词： Mosquito Fly Distance Vector-Borne Diseases Culex pipiens s.l. Geographic Information Systems

Presepsin as a biomarker of bacterial translocation and an indicator for the prescription of probiotics in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 822-831页

作者： Irina Efremova Roman Maslennikov Elena Poluektova Oleg Medvedev Anna Kudryavtseva George Krasnov maria Fedorova Filipp Romanikhin maria Zharkova Oxana Zolnikova Gyunay Bagieva Vladimir Ivashkin Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologySechenov UniversityMoscow 119435Russia Department of Scientific Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human MicrobiomeMoscow 119435Russia Department of Pharmacology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119192Russia Department of Post-Genomic Research Laboratory Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

BACKGROUND The gut–liver axis and bacterial translocation are important in cirrhosis,but there is no available universal biomarker of cellular bacterial translocation,for which presepsin may be a *** To evaluate the relationship of the blood presepsin levels with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis in the absence of obvious *** This study included 48 patients with Child–Pugh cirrhosis classes B and C and 15 healthy *** fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene *** levels of presepsin were measured.A total of 22 patients received a probiotic(Saccharomyces boulardii)for 3 *** Presepsin levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy individuals[342(91-2875)vs 120(102-141)pg/mL;P=0.048].Patients with elevated presepsin levels accounted for 56.3%of all included *** had lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and overall severity of cirrhosis as assessed using the Child–Pugh *** with elevated presepsin levels had an increased abundance of the main taxa responsible for bacterial translocation,namely Bacilli and Proteobacteria(including the main class Gammaproteobacteria and the minor taxa Xanthobacteraceae and Stenotrophomonas),and a low abundance of bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae(including the minor genus Fusicatenibacter),which produce short-chain fatty acids that have a positive effect on intestinal barrier *** presepsin level directly correlated with the relative abundance of Bacilli,Proteobacteria,and inversely correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and *** 3 months of taking the probiotic,the severity of cirrhosis on the Child–Pugh scale decreased significantly only in the group with elevated presepsin levels[from 9(8-11)to 7(6-9);P=0.004],while there were no significant changes in the group with normal presepsin levels[from 8(7-8)to 7(6-8);P=0.123].A high level of presepsin

关键词： Dysbiosis Gut Intestinal permeability Leaky gut Gut-liver axis Liver Microbiota

Are gender inclusiveness and rural transformation interlinked?The case of Bangladesh

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 2112-2126页

作者： maria Fay Rola-Rubzen Mohammad Jahangir Alam Jon Marx Sarmiento Ismat Ara Begum Al Amin Al Abbasi Subrata Saha UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia Department of Agribusiness and Marketing Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Economics Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202Bangladesh

Gender inclusiveness is important in the rural transformation process of Bangladesh as rural women play key roles in both agricultural and non-agricultural *** inclusiveness also leads to gender *** empirically evaluate relationships between rural transformation and gender inclusiveness in *** consider three rural transformation indicators:high-value commodities’share in agricultural output values,non-farm employment’s share in rural labor employment,and non-agricultural GDP’s share in total *** capturing gender inclusiveness include the per capita rural income of males and females,ratio of investments into gender programs,female access to education,access to healthcare,employment participation,land ownership,and asset *** test the effect of the difference in per capita rural income of males and females and the ratio of their incomes and check for the robustness of the gender variables across different model *** 128 district-level observations from 32 districts of Bangladesh across four time periods(2000,2005,2010 and 2016),we use both ordinary least squares and fixed effects panel regression *** find that female land and asset ownership and access to education and healthcare are robust determinants of various stages of rural ***,our results suggest that improving women’s ownership of land and assets and investing in women’s education and healthcare will likely contribute to a more inclusive rural transformation.

关键词： rural transformation Bangladesh gender inclusiveness investments on women

Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1073-1089页

作者： Francisco J.Escaray Amelia Felipo-Benavent Cristian J.Antonelli Begona Balaguer maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa Pablo Vera Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.l.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8Eacceso GIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022ValenciaSpain

The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species,including high-value *** polyxenous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability to perceive host signals in its *** this study,we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathyris are a source of susceptibility factors required by *** to cause ***,poor-in-latex(pil)mutants,which lack laticifer cells,show full resistance to this pathogen,whereas lot-of-latex mutants,which produce more laticifer cells,are *** S factors are triterpenoid saponins,which are widely distributed natural products of vast structural *** downregulation of laticifer-specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes,which encode the first committed step enzymes for triterpene and,therefore,saponin biosynthesis,conferred disease resistance to ***,the Medicago truncatula Iha-1 mutant,compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis,showed enhanced ***,the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically complemented the diseaseresistant phenotype ofpil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in different plant *** found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in ***,leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy,culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions,the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in *** together,these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factors to promote *** pathogenicity.

关键词： Euphorbia lathyris laticifer cell latex appressorium infection cushion necrotrophic fungi

Artificial intelligence as a tool in drug discovery and development

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 11-19页

作者： maria Kokudeva Mincho Vichev Emilia Naseva Dimitrina Georgieva Miteva Tsvetelina Velikova Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyMedical University of SofiaSofia 1000Bulgaria Healthcare Solutions Sofia 1404Bulgaria Faculty of Public Health Medical University of SofiaSofia 1431Bulgaria Department of Genetics Faculty of BiologySofia University St.Kliment OhridskiSofia 1164Bulgaria Tsvetelina Velikova Medical FacultySofia University St.Kliment OhridskiSofia 1407Bulgaria

The rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence(AI)has garnered substantial attention for its potential application in drug discovery and *** opinion review critically examined the feasibility and prospects of integrating AI as a transformative tool in the pharmaceutical ***,encompassing machine learning algorithms,deep learning,and data analytics,offers unprecedented opportunities to streamline and enhance various stages of drug *** opinion review delved into the current landscape of AI-driven approaches,discussing their utilization in target identification,lead optimization,and predictive modeling of pharmacokinetics and *** aimed to scrutinize the integration of large-scale omics data,electronic health records,and chemical informatics,highlighting the power of AI in uncovering novel therapeutic targets and accelerating drug repurposing *** the considerable potential of AI,the review also addressed inherent challenges,including data privacy concerns,interpretability of AI models,and the need for robust validation in realworld clinical ***,we explored ethical considerations surrounding AI-driven decision-making in drug *** opinion review provided a nuanced perspective on the transformative role of AI in drug discovery by discussing the existing literature and emerging trends,presenting critical insights and addressing potential *** conclusion,this study aimed to stimulate discourse within the scientific community and guide future endeavors to harness the full potential of AI in drug development.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Drug discovery Drug development Decision-making AI-driven medicine Healthcare Public health

How to Clean Your Sneakers

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 8-9,50页

作者： maria Chiu 不详

1 Mix warm water and a little detergent in a bowl.2 Take the shoelaces out of your sneakers.3 Brush the dirt from your sneakers with a brush.

关键词： Clean brush bowl