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Does the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus adapt to metal polluted habitats？ A study of glutathione-dependent enzymes in grasshopper nymphs

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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 33-42页

作者： maria augustyniak Agnieszka Babczynska Michal augustyniak Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology University of Silesia Bankowa 9 40-007 Katowice Faculty of Earth Sciences University of Silesia Bedzinska 60 PL 41-200 Sosnowiec Poland

Glutathione contents and activity ofglutathione-dependent enzymes in the body of insects inhabiting polluted areas depend on toxin kind, concentration and exposure time. Enzymatic response may be modified by gender, age, developmental stage and state of nutrition. Also, chronic exposure to metals in the environment may cause the selection of individuals resistant to some environmental toxins. To assess the degree of adaptation of Chorthippus brunneus to metal-polluted habitats, we measured glutathione contents and the activity of selected glutathione-dependent enzymes in the offspring of aging mothers which differed in time and intensity of exposure to metals in their habitats. We tested whether differences represent temporal shifts in tolerance range or were genetically preserved and inherited by future generations. We investigated insects from three populations. Two live in heavily metal-burdened areas, exposed to metals for 170 （Szopienice） or 50 years （Olkusz） and the third inhabits an unpolluted reference site （Pilica）. The most important findings were age-by-site interactions for all biochemical analyses. Nymphs from Szopienice had lower glutathione contents and lower glutathione-dependent enzyme activity in comparison with nymphs from the reference site. This was especially distinct in nymphs hatched from eggs laid by young females. The offspring of aging females from Olkusz, in terms of glutathione contents and glutathione reductase activities, revealed similar patterns to those from the reference site. For the remaining parameters, enzyme activity patterns in nymphs from Olkusz were similar to those of nymphs from Szopienice.

关键词： catalase diapause glutathione glutathione-dependent enzymes grasshoppers,heavy metals

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Differences in predator-avoidance behavior between two invasive gobies and their native competitors

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 727-737页

作者： Mateusz augustyniak Kalina Kotacka Jarostaw Kobak Piotr Hliwa Piotr Ktosinski Matgorzata Poznanska-Kakareko tukasz Jermacz Tomasz Kakareko Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunLwowska 187-100TorunPoland Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunLwowska 187-100TorunPoland Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture University of Warmia and MazuryOczapowskiego 510-719OlsztynPoland

Globally,fish are frequently introduced beyond their native ***,like Ponto-Caspian gobies,are becoming invasive,achieving high colo-nization rates and constituting frequent prey for native ***,little is known about the effectiveness of antipredator behaviors of the invaders,which may shape their role in the invaded community and contribute to the invasion *** compared antipredator behaviors of invasive gobies and native fish species after their detection by the predator,when the danger becomes *** studied 2 fish pairs,each consisting of an invasive and native species co-occurring in the environment and belonging to the same prey guild:(1)the racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus versus European bulhead Cottus gobio,(2)the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis versus gudgeon Gobio gobio,facing a naive predator(the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis).We analyzed behaviors of single prey individuals(escaping,staying in shelter,and activity)and sin-gle predators(activity,searching,following,capturing,and latency to prey consumption).In the predator presence,the bullhead was less active and more often managed to escape after capture than the racer *** gudgeon escaped before the capture more often than the monkey *** predator succeeded later with the bullhead compared to racer goby,whereas no differences in ingestion time occurred between the gudgeon and monkey *** results suggest that,in terms of hunting effort of native predators,the invasive gobies are equivalent to or more profitable prey than their native analogs,which can facilitate the integration of the gobies into local food webs.

关键词： antipredator behavior fish behavior invasive prey native predator predator-prey interactions

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Evaluation of Nutrition and Eating Habits in Children and Adolescents Practicing Football in a Sports Club in Bydgoszcz, Poland

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第12期4卷 697-706页

作者： Monika Ameryk Malgorzata Pujanek Agnieszka augustyniak Malgorzata Szamocka Maciej Swiatkowski Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University inTorun Bydgoszcz 85-168 Poland

Proper diet is important for children and adolescents practicing sports, providing nutrients for the correct growth, optimal performance and recovery. Therefore, this study evaluated the diet and eating habits of children and adolescents practicing football. One hundred boys （aged 11-16） are involved in the study. Eating habits and consumption of 33 products were assessed using a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Subsequently, indices of healthy and unhealthy diet were determined. Only 30% respondents ate five meals per day and 16% kept fixed meal times. Almost 30% had a snack once daily, 90% ate fast food once a week, and 88% added sugar to beverages. One in ten ate sweets several times per week, while 20%-once daily. 86% ate fish once a week. 52% and 4% ate white and dark bread several times per day. Only 20% had buckwheat several times per week. White and red meat was eaten several times per week by 66.3% and 35.6%, while fish by only 5.7%. Only 20% had a moderate index of healthy diet and 90% had a low index of unhealthy diet. It is concluded that education of young footballers in nutrition is necessary to correct their eating habits and improve physical performance.

关键词： Young athletes football nutrition eating habits dietary behaviours.

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