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Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Emissions of Hybrid and Conventional Cars over Legislative and Real Driving Cycles

Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第5期7卷 181-192页

作者： maria Antonietta Costagliola maria vittoria prati Antonio mariani Andrea Unich Biagio Morrone Istituto Motori National Research Council Napoli Italy Department of Industrial and Information Engineering Second University of Naples Aversa (CE) Italy

Road transport exhaust emissions represent the main sources of atmospheric pollution in urban areas, due to the growing number of circulating vehicles and travelled distances. In order to reduce this pollution source, stricter emission standards are periodically set by governments through- out the world. Consequently, the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and particulate mass to be measured during type-approval tests of new vehicles are becoming progressively lower;moreover from 2011, diesel cars have to comply with particle number limit. In order to assess emission levels of different technology vehicles and investigate the use of a particulate number measurement technique at the exhaust of very low-emitting vehicles, an experimental activity was carried out on three in-use vehicles: a diesel car equipped with a particulate trap (DPF), a hybrid gasoline-elec- tric car and a bi-fuel passenger car fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG). Cold and hot gaseous and particulate emission factors and fuel consumption were measured during the execution of real and regulatory driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. Particulate was characterized in terms of mass only for the diesel car and of particle number for all vehicles. The emissions measured over the NEDC show that all three vehicles comply with their standard limits, except CO for CNG passenger car and NOx for diesel car. Cold start influences CO and HC emissions and fuel consumption for all the tested vehicles and in particular for the hybrid car. The real driving cycle is the most critical pattern for the emissions of almost all pollutants. During constant speed tests, the emissions of particles of hybrid car are an order of magnitude lower than those of the CNG car.

关键词： Particulate Vehicle Emissions Hybrid Car Natural Gas DPF

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How toxic are gold nanoparticles？ The state-of-the-art

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Nano Research 2015年第6期8卷 1771-1799页

作者： Ilaria Fratoddi Iole Venditti Cesare cametti maria vittoria Russo Dipartimento di Chimica Universita' di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 5 1-00185 Rome Italy Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM CNR-SOFT Universita' di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 51-00185 Rome Italy

With the growing interest in the applications of gold nanoparticles in biotechnology and their physiological effects, possible toxicity of gold nanoparticles is becoming an increasingly important issue. A large number of studies carried out over the past few years under a variety of experimental conditions and following different protocols have produced conflicting results, leading to divergent views about the actual safety of gold nanoparticles in human applications. This work is intended to provide an overview of the most recent experimental results and thereby summarize current state-of-the-art. Rather than presenting a comprehensive review of the available literature in this field, which would be impractically broad, we have selected representative examples of both in vivo and in vitro studies, which clearly demonstrate the need for urgent and rigorous standardization of experimental protocols. Despite their significant potential, the safety of gold nanoparticles is highly controversial at this time, and important concerns have been raised that need to be properly addressed. Factors such as shape, size, surface charge, coating, and surface functionalization are expected to influence the interactions of particles with biological systems to a different extent, resulting in different outcomes and influencing the potential of gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Moreover, despite continuous attempts to establish a correlation between structure of the particles and their interactions with biological systems, we are still far from elucidating the toxicological profile of gold nanoparticles in an indisputable manner. This review is intended to contribute towards this goal, offering a number of suggestions on how to achieve the systematization of data on the most relevant physico-chemical parameters, which govern and control the toxicity of ~old nanot^articles at cellular and whole-organism levels.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanospheres nanorods nanocages nanostars toxicity

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Methodology and evidence from a case study in Rome to increase pedestrian safety along home-to-school routes

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第5期7卷 715-727页

作者： maria vittoria Corazza Daniela D'Alessandro Paola Di Mascio Laura Moretti Department of Civil Building and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidewalks' inappropriate level of service and poor maintenance, especially, are main factors contributing to walking unsuitability, thus to poor comfort and safety levels for young pedestrians, and more in general for all the vulnerable non-motorized road users. This paper deals with a methodology specifically developed to highlight the quality of the urban environment where the home-to-school routes are located, according to four main criteria: wellbeing, usage, appearance, and safety and security. Each criterion is associated with a checklist including the most relevant features to assess, with a focus on maintenance as a key parameter to create safe and comfortable routes to school. An application, a case study in Rome, where the lack of regular maintenance results into a network of unsafe sidewalks, is also presented, analyzing three different areas where a number of schools are located. Detours when approaching school premises were surveyed, due to the levels of distresses and linked to the poor comfort and safety levels. As the mutual influence of built environment over road safety and maintenance requirements for home-to-school paths is not largely investigated thus far, the paper's goal is to provide advanced knowledge for studies and applications further afield.

关键词： Traffic engineering Road safety Pedestrians Home-to-school routes Sidewalks

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Deterministic approaches for head lice infestations and treatments

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 386-404页

作者： Noemi Castelletti maria vittoria Barbarossa Institute of Radiation Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolst€adter Landstraße 1D-85764NeuherbergGermany Institute of Applied Mathematics Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205D-69120 HeidelbergGermany Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1D-60438FrankfurtGermany.

Pediculus humanus capitis are human ectoparasites which cause infestations,mostly in children,*** the life cycle of head lice is an important step in knowing how to treat lice infestations,as the parasite behavior depends considerably on its age and *** this work we propose a mathematical model for head lice population dynamics in hosts who could be or not quarantined and *** a lice population structured by age and gender we formulate the model as a system of hyperbolic PDEs,which can be reduced to compartmental systems of delay or ordinary differential *** studying fundamental properties of the model,such as existence,uniqueness and nonnegativity of solutions,we show the existence of(in certain cases multiple)equilibria at which the infestation persists on the host’s *** to assess the performance of treatments against head lice infestations,by mean of computer experiments and numerical simulations we investigate four possible treatment *** main results can be summarized as follows:(i)early detection is crucial for quick and efficient eradication of lice infestations;(ii)dimeticone-based products applied every 4 days effectively remove lice in at most three applications even in case of severe infestations and(iii)minimization of the reinfection risk,*** mean of synchronized treatments in families/classrooms is recommended.

关键词： Head lice Population dynamics Differential equations Structured populations Stability analysis Delay equations

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Compliance with NPIs and possible deleterious effects on mitigation of an epidemic outbreak

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 859-874页

作者： maria vittoria Barbarossa Jan Fuhrmann Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FrankfurtGermany Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany

The first attempt to control and mitigate an epidemic outbreak caused by a previously unknown virus occurs primarily via non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).In case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus,which since the early days of 2020 caused the COVID-19 pandemic,NPIs aimed at reducing transmission-enabling contacts between *** effectiveness of contact reduction measures directly correlates with the number of individuals adhering to such ***,we illustrate by means of a very simple compartmental model how partial noncompliance with NPIs can prevent these from stopping the spread of an epidemic.

关键词： Non-pharmaceutical intervention Epidemic model Compliance Reproduction number COVID-19

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Long term results of no- alcohol laser epithelial keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for myopia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第3期8卷 574-579页

作者： Leopoldo Spadea Francesca Verboschi vittoria De Rosa Mariella Salomone Enzo maria Vingolo Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome

AIM: To evaluate the long term clinical results of mechanical no-alcohol-assisted laser epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK) versus standard photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) for low-moderate ***: Twenty-five eyes treated with LASEK and twenty-five eyes treated with PRK were evaluated with a mean follow-up duration of 60 mo. Mechanical separation of the epithelium was performed with blunt spatula and without application of alcohol. Laser ablation was performed with the MEL-70 excimer laser. All patients were examined daily until epithelial closure; at 1, 3, 6,and 12 mo, and every year subsequently. Main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),manifest refraction, haze, efficacy and safety ***: Twenty-one eyes and 22 eyes completed follow-up of 60 mo in LASEK and PRK group respectively. Manifest refraction at 60 mo follow-up was-0.01 and 0.26 in LASEK and PRK group respectively. In the LASEK group mean UDVA and mean CDVA after60 mo were 20/22 and 20/20 respectively(P >0.01). In the PRK group mean UDVA and mean CDVA at 60 mo follow-up were 20/20 and 20/20 after 60mo(P >0.01). The efficacy indexes were 0.87 and 0.95, and the safety indexes were1.25 and 1.4 respectively for LASEK group and PRK ***: Both standard PRK and no-alcohol LASEK offer safe and effective correction of low-moderate myopia in the long term without any statistically significant difference between the two groups.

关键词： alcohol laser epithelial keratomileusis myopia photorefractive keratectomy

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Safety ranking definition for infrastructures with high PTW flow

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2018年第5期5卷 406-416页

作者： Antonella Ragnoli maria vittoria Corazza Paola Di Mascio Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering Sapienza University of Rome

Powered two-wheelers （PTWs） provide a suitable mode for a large portion of population in many cities due to rider＇s personal convenience and the vehicle supposed easiness of manoeuvring. At the same time PTWs present serious safety issues compared to other motorized vehicles. This paper reports the main outcome of study carried out in Rome, where this mode is very popular and assesses the economic efforts to make infrastructure safer for PTWs. The methodology, extensively described in the paper, includes three steps： the accident analysis, the development of economic indicators of accidents costs, the maintenance priority. In the first step the location of the PTWs local accidents are iden- tified, then the accidents are analyzed by means of the suitable indicators and, among these the safety potential （SAPO）. Lastly, according to the results of the analyzed indicators the need of infrastructure maintenance will be defined. Usually SAPO is applied to rural areas, but here it has been adapted to describe the phenomena of the urban area in hand. As a result, the estimation of the saving potential to improve the infrastructure safety levels, thus reducing the amount of accidents, is presented, along with recommendations on how to upscale the SAPO at city level.

关键词： Safety Accident costsl Powered two-wheeler (PTW) Maintenance

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Managing sidewalk pavement maintenance:A case study to increase pedestrian safety

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第3期3卷 203-214页

作者： maria vittoria Corazza Paola Di Mascio Laura Moretti Department of Civil Building and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of Rome

Comfort is a major requirement in planning pedestrian facilities. Pedestrians walk where they feel comfortable and when they do not feel at ease, they walk elsewhere. A typical example is that filthy, distressed, or too narrow sidewalks induce pedestrians to walk on carriageways. This behaviour jeopardizes road safety and highly dangerous to most users, leave them vulnerable. Unsuitable pavements can be the result of irregular maintenance operations to restore evenness after shock damage, weather phenomena, installation of equipment （e.g., posts, fences, urban furniture） with a reduction of walkable surface, or substandard repair work on pavements and patches due to emergency operations. These problems can be solved with an appropriate maintenance management system, which optimizes financial resources to make smart decisions about how to intervene with an adequate and lasting maintenance operation. This paper defines an evaluation index for sidewalk conditions as a part of an efficient set-up of a Sidewalk Management System, which is similar to the better known Road Management System. The study relies on sur- veys, as well as the classification and analysis of sidewalk distresses. The authors adapted an index already standardized by ASTM for roads and airports： the Pavement Condition Index （PCI）. PCI has been modified to consider the specific types on the sidewalks studied within this paper. To validate the method, a case study of a residential district in Rome, Italy, was carried out. The chosen area lacks regular maintenance and has therefore resulted in a network of unsafe sidewalks. Frequent detour routes were surveyed and related to the level of distresses within a general assessment of safety. This study con- centrates on sidewalks with flexible pavements because this type of pavement is the only one adopted in the survey areas and, in general, throughout Italy.

关键词： Sidewalks Maintenance Condition index Pedestrians Safety Asphalt pavements

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Lesson from an intriguing case of cryoglobulinemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期19卷 304-306页

作者： Michele Barone Raffaele Licinio Annabianca Amoruso maria Teresa Viggiani Angela maria vittoria Larocca Alfredo Di Leo Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari70100 BariItaly Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology University of Bari70100 BariItaly

Cryoglobulinemia is a pathological condition usually associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV) chronic liver disease and less commonly with autoimmune or lymphoproliferative *** possible association of cryoglobulinemia with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is not widely *** our patient,serum negativity for HCV markers initially led us to consider two other causes of *** disorders were excluded on the basis of hematological studies,while serum markers for active HBV infection were ***,the detection of HCV RNA in the cryocrit,even in the absence of anti-HCV antibodies suggested a pathogenetic role of HCV in this case of *** "first level" tests for HCV in the serum do not completely exclude HCV involvement in the pathogenesis of *** of the cryoprecipitate is always essential for diagnosis.

关键词： Cryocrit Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Myelodysplastic disorders Cryoglobulinemia

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Methane cracking in molten tin for hydrogen and carbon production—a comparison with homogeneous gas phase process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 155-166页

作者： Emmanuel Busillo Benedetta de Caprariis maria Paola Bracciale vittoria Cosentino Martina Damizia Gaetano Iaquaniello Emma Palo Paolo De Filippis Chemical Engineering Department Sapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy NextChem S.p.A. Rome 00156Italy

Methane cracking is considered a bridge technology between gray and green hydrogen production *** this work an experimental study of methane cracking in molten tin is *** tests were conducted in a quartz reactor(i.d.=1.5 cm,L=20 cm)with capillary injection,varying temperature(950–1070℃),inlet methane flow rate(30–60 mL·min^(-1))and tin height(0–20 cm).The influence of the residence time in the tin and in the headspace on methane conversion and on carbon morphology was *** conversions obtained in tin and in the empty reactor were measured and compared with results of detailed kinetic simulations(CRECK).Furthermore,an expression of a global kinetic constant for methane conversion in tin was also *** highest conversion(65%at Q_(0)=30 mL·min^(-1) and t=1070℃)is obtained for homogeneous gas phase reaction due to the long residence time(70 s),the presence of tin leads to a sharp decrease of residence time(1 s),obtaining a conversion of 35%at 1070℃,thus meaning that tin owns a role in the *** characterization(scanning electron microscopy,Raman)reported a change in carbon toward sheet-like structures and an increase of the carbon structural order in the presence of molten tin media.

关键词： methane cracking molten media H2 production carbon morphology

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