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Bone regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions – A 21st Century Perspective

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Bone research 2013年第3期1卷 216-248页

作者： Jan Henkel maria A.Woodruff Devakara r.Epari roland Steck Vaida Glatt Ian C.Dickinson Peter f.m.Choong michael A.Schuetz Dietmar W.Hutmacher Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane Queensland Australia Orthopaedic Oncology Service Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane Australia Department of Surgery University of Melbourne St. Vincent's HospitalMelbourne Australia Department of Orthopaedics St. Vincent's HospitalMelbourneAustralia Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Service Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourne Australia Orthopaedic and Trauma Services Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane Australia George W Woodruff School of mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta GA USA

The role of Bone Tissue Engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been the topic of substantial research over the past two decades. Technological advances have improved orthopaedic implants and surgical techniques for bone reconstruction. However, improvements in surgical techniques to reconstruct bone have been limited by the paucity of autologous materials available and donor site morbidity. recent advances in the development of biomaterials have provided attractive alternatives to bone grafting expanding the surgical options for restoring the form and function of injured bone. Specifically, novel bioactive （second generation） biomaterials have been developed that are characterised by controlled action and reaction to the host tissue environment, whilst exhibiting controlled chemical breakdown and resorption with an ultimate replacement by regenerating tissue. future generations of biomaterials （third generation） are designed to be not only osteo- conductive but also osteoinductive, i.e. to stimulate regeneration of host tissues by combining tissue engineer- ing and in situ tissue regeneration methods with a focus on novel applications. These techniques will lead to novel possibilities for tissue regeneration and repair. At present, tissue engineered constructs that may find future use as bone grafts for complex skeletal defects, whether from post-traumatic, degenerative, neoplastic or congenital/developmental ＂origin＂ require osseous reconstruction to ensure structural and functional integrity. Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors is a promising strategy and a particular feature for future development in the area of hybrid materials which are able to exhibit suitable biomimetic and mechanical properties. This review will discuss the state of the art in this field and what we can expect from future generations of bone regeneration concepts.

关键词： bone tissue engineering regenerative medicine additve manufacturing clinical translation scaffolds

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPArC)induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition,enhancing migration and invasion,and is associated with high Gleason score in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 557-564页

作者： fernanda Lopez-moncada maria Jose Torres Enrique A Castellon Hector r Contreras Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology Faculty of Medic泊eUniversity of ChileSantiago 8389100Chile

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPArC)is a matricellular protein highly expressed in bone tissue that acts as achemoattractant factor promoting the arrival of prostate cancer(PCa)cells to the bone ***,the contribution of SPArCduring the early stages of tumor progression remains *** this study,we show that SPArC is highly expressed in PCa tissueswith a higher Gleason *** stable knockdown and overexpression of SPArC in PC3 and LNCaP cells,respectively,here wedem on strate that en doge nous SPArC induces the epithelial-mesenchymal tran sition(EmT),decreasing E-cadheri n and cytokeratin18 and increasing N-cadheri n and vime ***,SPArC in duces the expression of EmT regulatory tran scription factors Snailfamily transcriptional repressor 1(Snail),Snail family transcriptional repressor 2(Slug),and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1(Zeb1).In addition,SPArC knockdown in PC3 cells decreases migration and invasion in vitro,without modifying cell *** results indicate that SPArC might facilitate tumor progression by modifying the cellular phenotype in cancer cells.

关键词： epithelial-mesenchymal transition invasion migration prostate cancer secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPArC)

Convergence of neuro-endocrine-immune pathways in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8846-8858页

作者： maria m Buckley Siobhain m O'mahony Dervla O'malley Department of Physiology Western Gateway Building University College Cork Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Department of Physiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork

Disordered signalling between the brain and the gut are generally accepted to underlie the functional bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). However, partly due to the lack of disease-defining biomarkers, understanding the aetiology of this complex and multifactorial disease remains elusive. This common gastrointestinal disorder is characterised by alterations in bowel habit such as diarrhoea and/or constipation, bloating and abdominal pain, and symptom exacerbation has been linked with periods of stress, both psychosocial and infection-related. Indeed, a high level of comorbidity exists between IBS and stress-related mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. moreover, studies have observed alterations in autonomic output and neuro-endocrine signalling in IBS patients. Accumulating evidence indicates that a maladaptive stress response, probably mediated by the stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor contributes to the initiation, persistence and severity of symptom *** risk factors for developing IBS include a positive family history, childhood trauma, dietary factors and prior gastrointestinal infection. An emerging role has been attributed to the importance of immune factors in the pathophysiology of IBS with evidence of altered cytokine profiles and increased levels of mucosal immune cells. These factors have also been shown to have direct effects on neural signalling. This review discusses how pathological changes in neural, immune and endocrine pathways, and communication between these systems, contribute to symptom flares in IBS.

关键词： Stress Corticotropin-releasing factor Proinflammatory cytokines Enteric nervous system Vagus

Population structuring of the ubiquitous stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula in southern Brazil as revealed by microsatellite and mitochondrial markers

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 877-890页

作者： flavio O. francisco Leandro r. Santiago Yuri m. mizusawa Benjamin P. Oldroyd maria C. Arias Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva Instituto de Biociencias Universidade de Sao Paulo Rua do MatZo 277 - sala 320Sao Paulo SP Brazi Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Lab School of Life and Environmental Sciences A 12 University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Tetragonisca angustula is one of the most widespread stingless bees in the Neotropics. This species swarms frequently and is extremely successful in urban envi- ronments. In addition, it is one of the most popular stingless bee species for beekeeping in Latin America, so nest transportation and trading is common. Nest transportation can change the genetic structure of the host population, reducing inbreeding and increasing homogenization. Here, we evaluate the genetic structure of 17 geographic populations of T. angustula in southern Brazil to quantify the level of genetic differentiation between populations. Analyses were conducted on partially sequenced mitochondrial genes and 11 microsatellite loci of 1002 workers from 457 sites distributed on the mainland and on 3 islands. Our results show that T. angustula populations are highly differentiated as demon- strated by mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） and microsatellite markers. Of 73 haplotypes, 67 were population-specific. mtDNA diversity was low in 9 populations but microsatellite diversity was moderate to high in all populations. microsatellite data suggest 10 genetic clusters and low level of gene flow throughout the studied area. However, physical barri- ers, such as rivers and mountain ranges, or the presence or absence of forest appear to be unrelated to population clusters. factors such as low dispersal, different ecological con- ditions, and isolation by distance are most likely shaping the population structure of this species. Thus far, nest transportation has not influenced the general population structure in the studied area. However, due to the genetic structure we found, we recommend that nest transportation should only occur within and between populations that are genetically similar.

关键词： genetic structure islands meliponini microsatellites mtDNA nest transportation

Time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 443-454页

作者： miguel Soriano-Amat Hugo f.martins Vicente Duran Luis Costa Sonia martin-Lopez miguel Gonzalez-Herraez maria r.fernandez-ruiz Departamento de Electronica Universidad de AlcalaEscuela Politecnica Superior28805 MadridSpain Instituto deóptica"Daza de Valdes" IO-CSICC/Serrano 12128006 MadridSpain GrOC-UJI Institute of New Imaging TechnologiesUniversity Jaume112071 CastellonSpain

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry(CDOTDr)is a well-established technique that provides spatiotemporal measurements of an environmental variable in real *** unique capability is being leveraged in an everincreasing number of applications,from energy transportation or civil security to *** date,a wide number of different approaches have been implemented,providing a plethora of options in terms of performance(resolution,acquisition bandwidth,sensitivity or range).However,to achieve high spatial resolutions,detection bandwidths in the GHz range are typically required,substantially increasing the system cost and ***,we present a novel OOTDr approach that allows a customized time expansion of the received optical ***,the presented technique reaches cm-scale spatial resolutions over t km while requiring a remarkably low detection bandwidth in the mHz *** approach relies on the use of dual-comb spectrometry to interrogate the fibre and sample the backscattered *** phase-spectral coding is applied to the employed combs to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing scheme.A comparison of the proposed method with alternative approaches aimed at similar operation features is provided,along with a thorough analysis of the new *** results demonstrate a radically novel high-resolution OOTDr scheme,which could promote new applications in metrology,borehole monitoring or aerospace.

关键词： optical phase expanded

Differential diagnoses and treatment of lipedema

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Plastic and Aesthetic research 2020年第3期7卷 1-10页

作者： maria Wiedner Donia Aghajanzadeh Dirk f.richter Department for Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Dreifaltigkeitskrankenhaus WesselingWesseling 50389Germany

Lipedema is a frequently unrecognized and misdiagnosed disorder of the fatty tissue of extremities and hips,which affects almost purely *** beginning of the disease usually occurs with hormonal changes,such as puberty,pregnancy,or *** suffer from pain,easy bruising,and disfigurement,which may lead to early immobility and social *** diagnosis and treatment are *** differentiation between obesity and lipedema is difficult,as these two different entities often occur *** differential diagnoses are lymphedema,benign lipohypertrophy,and Dercum's disease.A therapy targeting the underlying cause of lipedema is not available because the exact etiology of the disorder is not clarified *** physical therapy is the basic conservative treatment,which is usually necessary ***,liposuction has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of *** purposes of this article are to describe the symptoms and treatment options of the still fairly unknown disease Lipedema and to show the distinctions to its differential diagnoses.

关键词： Lipedema lymphedema obesity symmetrical limb enlargement adipositas dolorosa

relationship between head and neck cancer therapy and some genetic endpoints

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第2期5卷 93-102页

作者： Eliana maria minicucci Glenda Nicioli da Silva Daisy maria fávero Salvadori Departamento de Dermatologia e radioterapia Faculdade de Medicina de BotucatuUniv. Estadual Paulista UNESPBotucatu SP 18618-000 Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas Escola de Farmácia Univ. Federal de Ouro Preto UFOPOuro Preto 35400-000 Brazil Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESPBotucatu SP 18618-000 Brazil

Head and neck cancer(HNC) is the sixth most common human malignancy worldwide. The main forms of treat ment for HNC are surgery, radiotherapy(rT) and che motherapy(CT). However, the choice of therapy de pends on the tumor staging and approaches, which are aimed at organ preservation. Because of systemic rT and CT genotoxicity, one of the important side effects is a secondary cancer that can result from the activity of radiation and antineoplastic drugs on healthy cells Ionizing radiation can affect the DNA, causing single and double-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks and oxidative damage. The severity of radiotoxicity can be directly associated with the radiation dosimetry and the dose-volume differences. regarding CT, cisplatin is stil the standard protocol for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, the most common cancer located in theoral cavity. However, simultaneous treatment with cisplatin, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil or treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin are also used. These drugs can interact with the DNA, causing DNA crosslinks, double and single-strand breaks and changes in gene expression. Currently, the late effects of therapy have become a recurring problem, mainly due to the increased survival of HNC patients. Herein, we present an update of the systemic activity of rT and CT for HNC, with a focus on their toxicogenetic and toxicogenomic effects.

关键词： Chemotherapy Head and neck cancer radiotherapy Toxicogenetic Toxicogenomic

recent advances in phosphoric acid-based membranes for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 393-429,I0010页

作者： Zunmin Guo maria Perez-Page Jianuo Chen Zhaoqi Ji Stuart m.Holmes Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of Manchester.Ml39PLUnited Kingdom

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEmfCs)are pursued worldwide as efficient energy conversion *** efforts have been made in the area of designing and developing phosphoric acid(PA)-based proton exchange membrane(PEm)of *** review focuses on recent advances in the limitations of acid-based PEm(acid leaching,oxidative degradation,and mechanical degradation)and the approaches mitigating the membrane *** multilayer or polymers with continuous network,adding hygroscopic inorganic materials,and introducing PA doping sites or covalent interactions with PA can effectively reduce acid *** oxidative degradation can be alleviated by synthesizing crosslinked or branched polymers,and introducing antioxidative groups or highly oxidative stable *** to get a compact structure,blending with stable polymers and inorganic materials,preparing polymer with high molecular weight,and fabricating the polymer with PA doping sites away from backbones,are recommended to improve the membrane mechanical ***,by comparing the running hours and decay rate,three current approaches,*** via thermally curing or polymeric crosslinker,*** hygroscopic inorganic materials,*** membrane layers or introducing strong basic groups and electron-withdrawing groups,have been concluded to be promising approaches to improve the durability of *** overall aim of this review is to explore the existing degradation challenges and opportunities to serve as a solid basis for the deployment in the fuel cell market.

关键词： High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Acid leaching Oxidative degradation mechanical degradation Durability

Abnormal ACT in a Patient with Prekallikrein Deficiency Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

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