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Open Journal of Genetics 2011年第2期1卷 13-14页

作者： David J. Bunyan Hilary M. S. Bullman margaret lever Sasi D. Saminathan Wee Teik Keng Roziana Araffin David O. Robinson 不详

We analysed a DNA sample from a father and child who were both heterozygous for a 7 base pair insertion in the MEST gene differentially-methylated promoter region, previously shown by PCR analysis of bisulphite-treated DNA to be on the methylated allele in the unaffected father and the unmethylated allele in the affected child. PCR from genomic DNA was then carried out using a commercial PCR kit with its recommended initial DNA denaturation step of 2 minutes. Subsequent sequence analysis showed that only the non-methylated allele had been amplified, the father appearing to be homozygous normal and the child appearing to have a homozygous 7 b.p. insertion. The PCR protocol was then modified in order to use a longer DNA denaturation stage prior to the addition of the polymerase enzyme. Upon doing so, both the methylated and non-methylated alleles were then identifiable by sequencing with the mutation appearing in its expected heterozygous form. These results highlight the fact that the methylation status of DNA can affect the denaturation rate prior to PCR and result in allele drop-out, showing that the standard protocols of commercial kits should be used with caution when working with methylated regions of DNA.

关键词： Differential Methylation Allele-Specific PCR Commercial Kit

Proteogenomics for pediatric brain cancer

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BIOCELL 2021年第6期45卷 1459-1463页

作者： margaret SIMONIAN University of Californian Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles90095USA

Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common tumors in children,it constitute 15%–20%of all malignancies in children and are the leading cause of cancer related deaths in *** is an emerging field of biological research that utilizes a combination of proteomics,genomics,and transcriptomics to aid in the discovery and identification of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic *** proteogenomics analysis of pediatric tumors identified underlying biological processes and potential treatments as well as the functional effects of somatic mutations and copy number variation driving tumorigenesis.

关键词： Proteogenomics Brain cancer Targeted therapy

A Shared Neural Node for Multiple Innate Behaviors in Drosophila

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第6期34卷 1103-1104页

作者： margaret S.Ho School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University

The nervous system orchestrates diverse behaviors such as reproduction, sleep, feeding, and aggression, and selects a single behavior for execution at any given time. This requires neural mechanisms for behavioral selection sensitive to both internal physiological states and external environmental conditions. For example, hungry animals

关键词： In A Shared Neural Node for Multiple Innate Behaviors in Drosophila

Evidence of a Light-Sensing Role for Folate in Arabidopsis Cryptochrome Blue-Light Receptors

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 68-74页

作者： Nathalie Hoang Jean-Pierre Bouly margaret Ahmad Universite Paris Vl Casier 156 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France Penn State University 25 Yearsley Mill Road Media PA 19063 USA

Arabidopsis cryptochromes cry1 and cry2 are blue-light signalling molecules with significant structural similarity to photolyases-a class of blue-light-sensing DNA repair enzymes. Like photolyases, purified plant cryptochromes have been shown to bind both flavin and pterin chromophores. The flavin functions as a light sensor and undergoes reduction in response to blue light that initiates the signalling cascade. However, the role of the pterin in plant cryptochromes has until now been unknown. Here, we show that the action spectrum for light-dependent degradation of cry2 has a significant peak of activity at 380 nm, consistent with absorption by a pterin cofactor. We further show that cry1 protein expressed in living insect ceils responds with greater sensitivity to 380 nm light than to 450 nm, consistent with a light-harvesting antenna pigment that transfers excitation energy to the oxidized flavin of cry1. The pterin biosynthesis inhibitor DHAP selectively reduces cryptochrome responsivity at 380 nm but not 450 nm blue light in these cell cultures, indicating that the antenna pigment is a folate cofactor similar to that of photolyases.

关键词： ARABIDOPSIS thaliana CRYPTOCHROMES PLANT growth SEEDLINGS BLUE light

The Construction of Gender in Modern Chinese Law： Discrepant Gender Meanings in the Republican Civil Code

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Frontiers of History in China 2012年第2期7卷 282-309页

作者： margaret Kuo Department of History California State University Long Beach CA 90840-1601 USA Center for the Pacific Rim University of San Francisco San Francisco CA 94117 USA

This article examines the intersection of law, gender, and modernity during the transitional Republican era （1912-49）. It approaches the topic through a critical reading of the Republican Civil Code of 1929-30, and related commentary on the code by Chinese legal experts. By analyzing the gender assumptions embodied in several newly emergent categories of legal regulation, including legal personhood, minimum marriage age, consent, domicile, surnames, marital property, and child custody, the article＇s line of questioning reveals how gender meanings helped to shape modem concepts like universality, equality, and freedom. The findings illustrate the ways in which Republican civil law broke with late imperial legal and gender norms tied to Confucian patrilineal ideology and in addition established new legal and gender meanings that helped to consolidate Chinese politics on a republican basis and to reconfigure modem gender difference on a conjugal basis.

关键词： gender formation law modernity Republican Civil Code legal personhood marriage age individual consent twentieth-century China

The Authority of Age： Institutions for Childhood Development in China, 1895-1910

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Frontiers of History in China 2012年第1期7卷 32-60页

作者： margaret Tillman Department of History University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-2550 USA

The structure of aged-based education and the science of childhood development were introduced to China in the last decades of the Qing dynasty. Drawing on period textbooks, journal articles, and school documents for women and children, this study argues that the theory of childhood development helped shape socialized play and citizenship training in new schools. These new institutions followed scientific insights about childhood development in terms of both physical and emotional growth. Educators hoped to found schools that would inculcate respect for political authority within the classroom, and administrators took unprecedented steps in documenting and regulating children. Schools not only became places for disseminating learning, but also centers for gathering information about children and their families, as well as about childhood itself. The production of knowledge and the institutionalization of schools for preschool children helped usher in new trends that denaturalized childrearing outside of the family domain.

关键词： late-Qing educational reforms early childhood education age-based developmental learning caregivers (baomu)

A Griesbachian(Early Triassic) Mollusc Fauna from the Sidazhai Section, Southwest China, with Paleoecological Insights on the Proliferation of Genus Claraia(Bivalvia)

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第4期29卷 794-805页

作者： Yunfei Huang Jinnan Tong margaret L Fraiser School of Geosciences Yangtze University State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

After the end-Permian mass extinction, genus Claraia （Bivalvia） was the most abundant and most noticeable fossil during the survival and recovery stage. However, the reasons for the proliferation of Claraia are still debated. This paper describes a new Griesbachian （Early Triassic） mollusc fauna from deep-water settings in South China in the aftermath of end-Permian mass extinction. This fauna yielded five bivalve species in two genera （Claraia griesbachi, C. wangi, C. stachei, C. radialis, and Promyalina putiatinensis） and two ammonoid species （Ophiceras sp. and Ussuridiscus sp.） and could be assigned to the Claraia wangi-C, griesbachi assemblage zone, indicating a Middle-Late Griesbachian Age. The bivalves were dominated by Claraia griesbachi and were featured by articulated Claraia fossils. As Claraia was epibyssate, it was an excellent autochthonous fauna. While the shallow and deep marine water became dysoxic to anoxic globally, as indicated by recent studies of the early Early Triassic, we suggest the genus Claraia could tolerate dysoxic and/or anoxic conditions and its proliferation could be attributed to its physiological features which were adapted to the stressed environment. The wide distribution of Claraia was probably related to its planktonic larval stage. Where the larva of Claraia could have been transported by ocean flow and increased its potential for long-distance dispersal. In addition, Claraia was a significant disaster and opportunistic taxon during the Early Triassic based on observations in South China.

关键词： bivalves Claraia disaster species paleoecology Early Triassic.

Antenatal care positive responses to pregnant women in preventing and controlling malaria in pregnancy:the sub-Saharan African perspective

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第7期18卷 453-462页

作者： margaret Tete Telay Doe Ousman Bajinka Amadou Barrow Department of Oecupational and Environmental Health Xiangya School of Public Health.Central South University.ChangshaPeople's Republic of China Department of Microbiology.Central South University ChangshaHunan ProvincesChina China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases School of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha 410078HunanChina Heidelberg Institute of Global HealthUniversity Hospital and Medical FacultyHeidelberg University.HeidelbergGermany School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of The GambiaBanjulThe Gambia

Background The response to antenatal care(ANC)for maternal and offspring outcomes,especially in pregnant women has been thoroughly ***,despite the number of interventional studies on the treatment of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination(IPTp-SP)uptake,the point in point cases of the positive responses of ANC in improving health conditions of pregnant women are not found in the *** sources This review collected ANC responses to the positive health outcomes for pregnant women with malaria,the challenges faced regarding IPTp-SP uptake during ANC visits and the role of ANC in preventing and controlling malaria in sub-Saharan *** elucidated ANC and uptake of optimal intermitent preventive IPTp-SP and further described ANC as a tool for heterogeneity for malaria *** ANC is seen as a microscope to malaria in pregnacy,maternal iron deficiency and anemia checkpoints,ANC and malaria treatment strategies,and ANC and the use of insecticide treated nets(ITN).The review further discussed ANC attendance influencing factors,limitations to ANC implications and the prospects in ANC visits on preventing malaria in *** A declining trend of malaria transmission in Africa has been observed in recent ***,the burden of malaria in pregnancy remains a health *** rate of SP resistance,low uptake of IPTp-SP,low LLINs distribution,late gestational ANC visits and low turnaround for optimal ANC visits for first time mothers’aggrevated the malaria-endemic settings among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Malaria-Pregnant women ANC visits Pregnancy outcome IPTp-SP uptake

A Solution to the C-Value Paradox and the Function of Junk DNA： The Genome Balance Hypothesis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第6期8卷 899-910页

作者： Michael Freeling Jie Xu margaret Woodhouse Damon Lisch Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang Sichuan 611130 China Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The Genome Balance Hypothesis originated from a recent study that provided a mechanism for the phenom- enon of genome dominance in ancient polyploids： unique 24nt RNA coverage near genes is greater in genes on the recessive subgenome irrespective of differences in gene expression. 24nt RNAs target transposons. Transposon position effects are now hypothesized to balance the expression of networked genes and pro- vide spring-like tension between pericentromeric heterochromatin and microtubules. The balance （coordi- nation） of gene expression and centromere movement is under selection. Our hypothesis states that this balance can be maintained by many or few transposons about equally well. We explain known balanced dis- tributions of junk DNA within genomes and between subgenomes in allopolyploids （and our hypothesis passes ＂the onion test＂ for any so-called solution to the C-value paradox）, importantly, when the allotetra- ploid maize chromosomes delete redundant genes, their nearby transposons are also lost; this result is ex- plained if transposons near genes function. The Genome Balance Hypothesis is hypothetical because the position effect mechanisms implicated are not proved to apply to all junk DNA, and the continuous nature of the centromeric and gene position effects have not yet been studied as a single phenomenon.

关键词： junk DNA transposons C-value paradox gene regulation balance

Defining Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)hydrologic responseunits(HRUs)by field boundaries

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 69-80页

作者： margaret M.Kalcic Indrajeet Chaubey Jane Frankenberger Graham Sustainability Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48104USA Department of Earth Atmosphericand Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineeri ng Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)is widely used to relate farm management practices to their impacts on surface waters at the watershed scale,yet its smallest spatial unit is not generally defined by physically meaningful *** hydrologic response unit(HRU)is the smallest spatial unit of the model,and the standard HRU definition approach lumps all similar land uses,soils,and slopes within a subbasin based upon user-defined *** standard method provides an efficient way to discretize large watersheds where simulation at the field scale may not be computationally *** relatively smaller watersheds,however,defining HRUs to specific spatial locations bounded by property lines or field borders would often be advantageous,yet this is not currently possible within the ArcSWAT *** this study,a simple approach is demonstrated that defines HRUs by field boundaries through addition of uniquely named soils to the SWAT user soil database and creation of a field boundary layer with majority land use and soil *** of nitrogen,phosphorus,and sediment losses were compared in a case study watershed where SWAT was set up using both the standard HRU definition and field boundary ***-scale results were reasonable and similar for both methods,but aggregating fields by majority soil type masked extremely high soil erosion predicted for a few *** from field-based HRU delineation may be quite different from the standard approach due to choosing a majority soil type in each farm *** approach is flexible such that any land use and soil data prepared for SWAT can be used and any shapefile boundary can divide HRUs.

关键词： watershed modeling Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) hydrologic response units field boundaries common land units landuse management