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Socio-cultural determinants of timely and delayed treatment of Buruli ulcer: implications for disease control

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 48-60页

作者： Mercy M Ackumey margaret gyapong Matilda Pappoe Cynthia Kwakye Maclean Mitchell G Weiss School of Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Dodowa Health Research Centre Ghana Health ServiceDodowaGhana Amasaman Hospital Ghana Health ServiceAccraGhana

Introduction:Public health programmes recommend timely medical treatment for Buruli ulcer(BU)infection to prevent pre-ulcer conditions from progressing to ulcers,to minimise surgery,disabilities and the socio-economic impact of *** the role of socio-cultural determinants of timely medical treatment may assist in guiding public health programmes to improve treatment *** study clarified the role of socio-cultural determinants and health system factors affecting timely medical treatment for BU in an endemic area in ***:A semi-structured explanatory model interview based on the explanatory model interview catalogue(EMIC)was administered to 178 BU-affected *** on research evidence,respondents were classified as timely treatment(use of medical treatment 3 months from awareness of disease)and delayed treatment(medical treatment 3 months after onset of disease and failure to use medical treatment).The outcome variable,timely treatment was analysed with cultural epidemiological variables for categories of distress,perceived causes of BU,outside-help and reasons for medical treatment in logistic regression *** median time for the onset of symptoms to treatment was computed in *** phenomenological analysis of respondents’narratives clarified the meaning,context and dynamic features of the relationship of explanatory variables with timely medical ***:The median time for initiating treatment was 25 days for pre-ulcers,and 204 days for *** loss and use of herbalists showed significantly negative associations with timely ***’use of herbalists was often motivated by the desire for quick recovery in order to continue with work and because herbalists were relatives and easily ***,drinking unclean water was significantly associated with timely treatment and access to health services encouraged timely treatment(OR 8.5,p=0.012).Findings show that health system factors of

关键词： services lists clarified

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Nematode distribution in cultivated and undisturbed soils of Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 381-387页

作者： Obed Asiedu Charles Kodia Kwoseh Haddish Melakeberhan Thomas Adjei-gyapong Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Michigan State University

Climate change affects air temperature, sea levels as well as the soil and its ecosystem. The Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana are characterized by different climatic conditions and vegetative cover. Annual average temperature has been steadily increasing whilst annual total rainfall has been decreasing in both zones, and this has been causing a southward shift of the Savannah into the Forest zone. Soil organisms provide crucial ecosystem services which are required for sustainable agriculture and food production yet crop cultivation disturbs the soil ecosystem. The harsh conditions associated with the Savannah further expose the soil ecosystem to disturbance and loss of biodiversity which threatens food production and security. Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals in the soil and play a central and critical role in the soil food web complex. Studying the nematode community structure gives a reflection of the status of the entire soil ecosystem. Soil samples were taken from cultivated and natural landscapes in the Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest agroecological zones to analyse the nematode community. Results from the study showed the Guinea Savannah zone recording warmer soil temperatures, lower organic matter percentage and lower nematode diversity(Genus Richness) as compared to the Semi-deciduous Forest zone. If the Savannah continues to shift southward, the Forest zone soil ecosystem risks disturbance and loss of biodiversity due to the harsh Savannah conditions. Our findings indicate that prevailing crop cultivation practices also disturb soil ecosystem in the two ecological zones which span across West Africa. A disturbed soil ecosystem endangers the future of food production and food security.

关键词： Climate change Guinea Savannah Semi-deciduous Forest Soil temperature Soil nematode diversity

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Assessment of Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 453-472页

作者： Akwasi Yeboah Jiannong Lu Ting Yang Yuzhen Shi Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede Kwadwo gyapong Agyenim Boateng Xuegui Yin Department of Crop Breeding and Genetics College of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China The National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology(Beijing)Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the *** metals are non-biodegradable and toxic,causing much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans,which have become a major global *** inherent ability of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective *** plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils,owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating *** plants to some extent can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metals through several developed mechanisms,such as activation of antioxidant enzymes,exclusion,accumulation of proline,compartmentalization,organic acid exudation,and *** studies have identified some stress-responsive to aid the tolerance of heavy metals in *** caused by heavy metal toxicity affects seedling growth,biomass,photosynthetic pigments,protein level,and nutrient uptake of castor *** response of castor,however,to these stresses differs among cultivars,metal type and concentration,and time of metal *** review aims to summarize the physiological responses and various defense mechanisms of castor to tolerate and eradicate heavy metal toxicity and some stress-responsive genes identified at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that confer metal tolerance in this plant.

关键词： Castor metal stress biomass proline tolerance

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The Impact of Malaria Control Interventions on Malaria and Anaemia in Children under Five after Ten Years of Implementation in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2017年第3期7卷 93-105页

作者： margaret Kweku Eric Kwaku Appiah Yeetey Enuameh Martin Adjuik Wisdom Takramah Elvis Tarkang John gyapong School of Public Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Dept. of Epidemiology Surveillance and Disease Control Public Health Division 37 Military Hospital Accra Ghana Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana

Background: Malaria remains a dominant health issue among children in Ghana. We monitored the trend of long lasting insecticide net (LLIN) ownership and use and its impact on malaria and anaemia among children under five over the past decade in an area of intense, prolonged and seasonal malaria transmission. Methods: A total of 1717, 2155 and 1915 children were surveyed in June and 1717, 2155 and 1697 in November in 30 communities of the Hohoe Municipality in 2006, 2010 and 2015 respectively. The primary outcomes monitored were the trend of LLIN ownership, use and prevalence of malaria and anaemia through cross-sectional surveys. Findings: Results showed a significantly positive trend (p Interpretation: Ownership of LLIN and its use together with other indicators of malaria prevalence generally improved five years after the implementation of a malaria control programme. Ten years after programme implementation, consistent improvement was only in LLIN ownership and use. Also malaria prevalence indicators improved in the post as compared to the pre-rainy season in the study communities.

关键词： Malaria Anaemia Long Lasting Insecticide Treated BedNets Children under Five Years Hohoe Municipality Ghana

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蓖麻根腐病抗性的QTL定位

蓖麻根腐病抗性的QTL定位

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作者： Kwadwo gyapong Agyenim-Boateng 广东海洋大学

学位级别：硕士

目的对育种工作者来说植物的抗病性非常重要。而通过QTL定位,已经鉴定出了植物中许多相关性状的QTL。在中国,由镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)引起的镰刀菌根腐病是对于蓖麻(Ricinus communis)来说一种重大疾病。据报道,2016年中国南方爆发的... 详细信息

目的对育种工作者来说植物的抗病性非常重要。而通过QTL定位,已经鉴定出了植物中许多相关性状的QTL。在中国,由镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)引起的镰刀菌根腐病是对于蓖麻(Ricinus communis)来说一种重大疾病。据报道,2016年中国南方爆发的一场枯萎病摧毁了超过0.66公顷的蓖麻。目前,在鉴定与蓖麻对镰刀菌根腐病抗性相关QTL的相关研究尚未进行太多报道。因此,对于蓖麻育种工作者来说,通过QTL定位找到蓖麻抗根腐病相关基因,对于培育相关抗性蓖麻品种有着巨大意义。本研究,对蓖麻根腐病抗性进行了QTL定位,可以为培育相关抗性蓖麻品种提供参考。材料和方法以亲本分别为抗病和感病的材料培育出的260株F后代作为试验材料和作图群体,该群体于2017年秋季在温室种植。将在广东海洋大学植物病理实验室培养的镰刀菌病原菌接种于蓖麻幼苗。以蓖麻枯萎所需天数作为发病的评级参考,分为8个等级为1,无枯萎的高抗性植物得分为1,接种后30天以内枯萎为8。选取蓖麻幼嫩叶片提取DNA。用Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)法从实验室自行设计的SSR引物中筛选出多态性较好的,并用表型表现极端蓖麻个体进行PCR扩增用以确定所选SSR引物的多态性。用已选的多态性SSR引物对整个F作图群体进行标记扫描及基因分型。用分子数据构建连锁图谱,用表型数据和分子数据组合绘制QTL图谱。将QTL图谱与已发表的蓖麻基因组进行比对,从而确定与表型紧密连锁的相关基因。结果对材料的感病性测试,显示出了连续的偏分布。这种连续的非正态分布,表明蓖麻的抗病性由主效QTL控制。用BSA的方法筛选了400对SSR引物,其中96对具有多态性,11对具有高度多态性的引物。用这11对SSR标记对F群体中的260份材料进行扫描。将扫描结果输入QTL IciMapping软件以绘制连锁图。绘制了1个连锁图谱,覆盖51.04 cM的基因组,平均间隔为4.64cM。绘制的连锁图和表型数据的组合能够鉴定染色体上的一个QTL(FRR)(连锁群)。qFRR位于引物RCM1471和RCM1311之间34cM的位置,解释了>13%的表型变异并且LOD为7.58。分析具有蓖麻基因组保守氨基酸序列的QTL区域内引物(RCM 1471和RCM1311)的scaffold区域(National Center for Biotechnology Information),在NCBI网站中进行BLAST(同源性分析),发现了两个基因,“LOC8268784半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂”和“LOC8281835细胞分裂周期和凋亡调节蛋白”。半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂属于半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族,其已在人和其他植物中鉴定并赋予抗微生物特性。细胞分裂周期和凋亡调节因子基因也称为CCAR1或p30 dbc基因,已在人类中用于肿瘤的控制,并且已经在癌症的治疗中进行了研究。结论从表性分析推测蓖麻对病害的抗性受主要QTL控制,QTL分析检测到一个QTL,(LOD=7.58;PVE%=13.80),在QTL区间内注释到两个候选基因,“LOC8268784半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂”和“LOC8281835细胞分裂周期和凋亡调节蛋白”,其功能与抗病性密切相关,与其连锁的分子标记为RCM1311和RCM1471。这是首次对蓖麻抗枯萎病基因进行QTL定位,在蓖麻育种中有着很重要的意义。

关键词：蓖麻(Ricinus communis) 数量性状基因座(QTL) 镰刀菌根腐病(Fusarium solani species complex) 细胞凋亡半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂

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秸秆降解的微生物群落筛选与优化及多样性分析

秸秆降解的微生物群落筛选与优化及多样性分析

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作者： ADUHENE ALBERT gyapong 东北林业大学

学位级别：硕士

中国是农业大国,农作物秸秆产量巨大,秸秆利用效率很低,单个菌株仍无法大幅度提高降解效率。为了提高秸秆的降解效率,开发能高效利用秸秆中木质纤维素的微生物菌群成为研究重点。本研究以不同的培养基为基础,在振荡培养条件下,经过长期... 详细信息

中国是农业大国,农作物秸秆产量巨大,秸秆利用效率很低,单个菌株仍无法大幅度提高降解效率。为了提高秸秆的降解效率,开发能高效利用秸秆中木质纤维素的微生物菌群成为研究重点。本研究以不同的培养基为基础,在振荡培养条件下,经过长期限制性培养,以CMCase、CB、Xylanase、降解率为指标,筛选得到降解效果较好的3种菌群,分别为M菌群（秸秆降解复合菌群）、P菌群（秸秆降解复合菌群）和C菌群（秸秆降解复合菌群）,对水稻秸秆的降解率分别为43.75%、41.88%、39.06%,其余菌群降解率均小于35%。以CMCase、Xylanase活性为依据,确定菌群的最适产酶时间,M的最适产酶时间为7d、P为9d、C为7d。利用单因素法,从装液量、发酵温度和碳源种类对以上3种菌群发酵秸秆的条件进行优化,以DNS法测定纤维素酶活性和失重法测定秸秆失重率。结果表明,M菌群的最优条件为:500 mL三角瓶装液200 mL,培养温度30℃,碳源为玉米秸秆,降解率达45%;P菌群条件为:500 mL三角瓶装液200 mL,培养温度38℃,碳源是水稻秸秆,降解率达43%;C菌群条件为:500 mL三角瓶装液120 mL,培养温度30℃,碳源是玉米秸秆,降解达40%。与未优化前的失重率相比,其对秸秆的失重率分别提高1.25%、1.12%和 0.94%。测定可溶性有机质、总磷、氨氮含量,分析3种菌群的降解效果。结果表明,与对照相比,经M、P和C菌群处理秸秆后,有机质分别提高了 33.94%、45.32%、57.84%;总磷提高了 38.15%、29.69%、26.77%;氨氮提高了 62.98%、62.5%、26.68%,说明M菌群的降解效果优于P和C菌群。高通量测序分析发酵中的优势菌和关键菌,M菌群的优势细菌为Stenotrophomonas,由发酵前期的23.28%增加到中期的64.36%;真菌为Meyerozyma,由初期的17.58%增加到末期的61.27%。发酵前期以Simplicillium、Malassezia、Alternaria 为主·,中期以 Sphingobacterium、Penicillium、Gibberella为主;后期以 Citricoccus、Meyerozyma、Verticillium为主。P 菌群中优势细菌为Bacillus,由38.08%增加到83.18%;真菌为Simplicillium,由6.7%增加到47.8%,前期以 Saroclacadium 为主;中期以Gibberella、Pseudeurotium为主;后期以Ornithinbacillus为主。C菌群中的优势细菌为Stenotrophomonas,由40.66%增加到70.71%,真菌为Aspergillus,由 48.76%增加到 84.73%。前期以Pseuomonas、Malassezia为主;中期以Simplicillium、Aspergillus 为主;后期以Verticillium、Sarocladium为主。本研究表明,由细菌和真菌组成的复合菌群能促进秸秆的降解,这为后续酶提纯和关键菌属的进一步研究提供理论支持,同时也为开发生物燃料、畜牧饲料或其它化学产品奠定基础。

关键词：秸秆降解内切酶活性木聚糖酶活性菌种多样性

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The Development and Application of RGAP,a Novel Marker in the Identification of Castor Wilt Resistance

The Development and Application of RGAP,a Novel Marker in th...

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2018中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Kwadwo gyapong Agyenim-Boateng Lu Jiannong He Xiaolin Yang ting Yin Xuegui Guangdong Ocean University

[Research Background]Castor(Ricinus communis L.) is an important industrial crop with a wide application in many ***,its production is constrained by biotic *** wilt is one of the most devastating diseases of castor,leading to severe economic ***,biological and other kinds of control are ineffective,thus the breeding of resistant cultivars is the most effective method for the Fusarium *** assisted selection is preferred to traditional breeding because it is time-saving,effective and *** relatively cheap,readily polymorphic and easily accessible,SRAP markers have been used in studying population structure,genetic structure,genetic linkage,assessing germplasm resources and parent *** the last 15 years,over 50 plant genomes have been sequenced and assembled and thousands of Resistance Gene Analogs(RGAs) have been identified in many other *** designed from RGAs can be used for breeding purposes along with fine mapping and the cloning of ***-wide RGAs with applications in genomics and bioinformatics such as linkage mapping,GWAS,clustering,and protein signature profiling will assist traditional methods to enhance marker development,QTL mapping,cloning of plant resistance genes and resistance breeding.A combination of RGAs and SRAP markers(RGAP) will be highly polymorphic,cheap,requiring few primers,cheap and readily ***,such markers have never been developed or applied in any crop before.[Materials and Methods]In the development of the RGAP primers,5 RGA and 5 SRAP markers were *** novel primers were designed by a two-by-two matching *** the 84 primers developed in the development phase,40 pairs of primers were randomly selected for the application *** representative accessions in the application phase were grown in seedling trays with two repeats each.5 ml of the disease pathogen solution of the same concentration was injected into the stem

关键词： Castor(Ricinus communis) Resistant Gene Analog Polymorphism(RGAP) Resistant Gene Analogs(RGA),Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism(SRAP) Cluster analysis Fusarium wilt

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