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***:A platform for Mainstreaming Citizen Science and Open Science in europe

Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 136-149页

作者： Katherin Wagenknecht Tim Woods Francisco García Sanz margaret Gold Anne Bowser Simone Rüfenacht Luigi Ceccaroni Jaume Piera Technische Hochschule Wildau Hochschulring 115745 WildauGermany european Citizen Science Association Invalidenstraße 41Berlin 10115Germany Ibercivis Foundation Campus Río EbroC/Mariano Esquillor s/n Edificio I+DZaragoza 50018Spain Leiden University Rapenburg 702311 EZ LeidenThe Netherlands Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1300 Pennsylvania Ave.WashingtonDCDistrict of Columbia 20004United States earthwatch Mayfield House256 Banbury RoadOxfordOxfordshire OX27DEUK Institut de Ciències del Mar Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasPasseig Marítim de la Barceloneta37-49Barcelona 08003Spain

Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the *** platform can also support *** of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both *** do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS *** implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application.

关键词： Citizen Science Metadata Open Science Public participation in scientific research(PPSR)

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Microprobe Mapping of Rare earth element Distribution in Round Top Yttrofluorite Deposit

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2018年第1期8卷 15-31页

作者： Nicholas e. Pingitore Jr. margaret Piranian Lorraine M. Negron Daniel Gorski Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA Texas Mineral Resources Corporation Sierra Blanca TX USA

The electron microprobe maps the spatial distribution of elements in a rock at a sub-mineral-grain scale to provide a basis for understanding mineralization processes and to determine optimal strategies for extraction of valuable target elements. Round Top Mountain (near the town of Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth County, west Texas, USA) is a peraluminous rhyolite laccolith that is homogeneously mineralized at over 500 ppm rare earths, more than 70% of which are yttrium and heavy rare earths (YHRees). The massive deposit is exposed at the surface as a mountain some 2 km in diameter and 375 m in height. Round Top Mountain also contains Li, Be, U, Th, Nb, Ta, Ga, Rb, Cs, Sn, and F. The valuable YHRees are hosted in yttrofluorite, which is soluble in dilute sulfuric acid. Texas Mineral Resources Corporation proposes to surface mine, crush, and heap leach the deposit. The distribution of YHRees, and that of other trace elements, is remarkably homogeneous at outcrop drill hole scale. Here we document that YHRee mineralization appears pervasive through the rhyolite at a millimeter scale. Back scattered electron (BSe) and characteristic X-ray maps reveal the fine grain size and apparently random and dispersed spatial distribution of the yttrofluorite that hosts Round Top’s valuable YHRees. The yttrofluorite grains do not appear to cluster at special mineralized locations, e.g., in pores or along cracks in the rhyolite. The same is apparently true of such other potentially valuable minerals as cassiterite and uranium species. These findings confirm that the distribution of YHRees in Round Top Mountain rhyolite is homogeneous through different orders of magnitude of scale, i.e., from outcrop (as seen in the companion work in this volume) to sub-thin section. The material thus is ideal for a heap leach operation where homogeneous feedstock is crucial to consistent and economic operation. The findings also confirm and explain why mechanical separation would prove very difficult and e

关键词： Heavy Rare earth elements Yttrofluorite electron Microprobe Micromapping Round Top

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Determinants of nurse faculty intention to remain employed

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Open Journal of Nursing 2012年第3期2卷 254-261页

作者： Ann e. Tourangeau Heather Thomson margaret Saari Kimberley Widger era Mae Ferron Kathleen MacMillan Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto Toronto Canada School of Health Sciences Humber College Toronto Canada

Shortage of nurses is a major concern across healthcare systems. One contributing factor that has received little attention is the shortage of adequately prepared nurse faculty. The nurse shortage will be exacerbated if the supply of adequately prepared nurse faculty is insufficient. Little is known about the factors that influence nurse faculty to remain employed. Focus groups were conducted in 2011 with nurse faculty from both colleges and universities in Ontario, Canada. Six focus groups including 37 participants were held with different groups of nurse faculty in geographically diverse areas of the province. Focus group transcripts were reviewed by five members of the research team using thematic analysis strategies to identify factors related to nurse faculty intention to remain employed. Nurse faculty members’ intention to remain employed was influenced by factors that fell into four thematic categories: personal characteristics, work environment and organizational support, job content, and external characteristics. each thematic category includes several factors reported to influence nurse faculty intention to remain employed. The “Determinants of Nurse Faculty Intention to Remain employed” Model is hypothesized. Strategies to address modifiable factors and support non-modifiable factors are suggested to promote retention of nurse faculty. Additional research is needed to test the hypothesized model of nurse faculty intention to remain employed.

关键词： Nurse Faculty Retention Work environment Organizational Support Theory Development Focus Groups Nursing Workforce

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Morphogenesis and Regulation of Bergmann Glial Processes During Purkinje Cell Dendritic Spine ensheathment and Synaptogenesis

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神经损伤与功能重建 2008年第5期3卷 328-341页

作者： JOCeLYN J.LIPPMAN TAMAR LORDKIPANIDZe margaret e.BUeLL SUNG OK YOON ANNA DUNAeVSKY Department of Neuroscience Brown UniversityBox G-LNProvidenceRhode Island Center for Molecular Neurobiology Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryOhio State UniversityColumbusOhio

星形胶质细胞在突触形成中发挥重要作用,但星形胶质细胞突起如何在发育过程中与突触结构相联系还不是很清楚。本文分析在小脑突触发生过程中Bergmann胶质细胞(BG)突起生长的类型。本文发现在这个过程中,BG突起向外生长与树突棘增多的包... 详细信息

星形胶质细胞在突触形成中发挥重要作用,但星形胶质细胞突起如何在发育过程中与突触结构相联系还不是很清楚。本文分析在小脑突触发生过程中Bergmann胶质细胞(BG)突起生长的类型。本文发现在这个过程中,BG突起向外生长与树突棘增多的包被作用相关。此外,双光子时间分辩显像显示BG突起是高度动态的,在棘包被过程中突起趋于稳定。虽然突触活力依赖于肌动蛋白的聚合作用,但细胞骨架调节器Rac1和RhoG的活动在胶质细胞突起的动力或密度上并未发挥作用,而是对于保持突起长度起关键性作用。本文扩展这个发现,探查突起形态和包被之间的关系,发现缩短的突起导致棘覆盖的减少。本文进一步发现在BG表达dn-Rac1和低水平突触包被的区域,显示突触数量的增加。这些分析提示BG突起如何生长并包围突触结构,阐明BG突起结构对突触包被适当发育的重要性,并提示包被在突触形成中的作用。

关键词： Bergmann胶质细胞树突棘突触发生 Purkinje细胞小脑 Rac1

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C-reactive protein in gallbladder diseases:diagnostic and therapeutic insights

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Biophysics Reports 2020年第Z1期6卷 49-67页

作者： Ibraheem M.Rajab Daniel Majerczyk margaret e.Olson Jenna M.B.Addams Mihee L.Choe Matthew S.Nelson Lawrence A.Potempa College of Pharmacy Roosevelt University

The gallbladder is an important component of the hepatobiliary system whose primary function is to aid in digestion of foodstuffs, excretion of drugs and facilitate removal of waste products from the *** gall bladder is principally a storage organ for bile, chemically modified salts and acids of cholesterol which are synthesized in the liver and which function as surfactants to solubilize fatty substances of limited aqueous solubility. Any disruption in the amount or activity of bile surfactant can lead to an accumulation of insoluble molecular clumps(e.g., gallstones) that deposit in and obstruct fluid movement within the gallbladder, and which can lead to pathological congestion and tissue *** natural host defense response to any event that causes tissue damage is to stimulate inflammation,which non-specifically but aggressively reacts to the stimuli so to remove the cause and repair damaged tissues. The C-reactive protein(CRP) is a primarily hepatically produced serum protein whose blood levels increase within 6–10 h of any tissue-damaging event. The extent with which it increases correlates with the level of tissue damage and associated inflammation. CRP levels are reported to be of value in diagnosing acute cholecystitis severity, in predicting the outcome and prognosis of cancerassociated gallbladder resection, and in helping identify cystic structures during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomies. As an understanding of distinctive CRP structural isoforms is evolving, its role not only as a biomarker but as regulator of both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes of inflammation may be relevant in the understanding of and treatment approaches for gallbladderassociated disease.

关键词： C-reactive protein Monomeric C-reactive Inflammation Gallbladder Gallstone Cholecystitis Cholesterol

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Do Policy Based Adoptions Increase the Care a Pet Receives? An exploration of a Shift to Conversation Based Adoptions at One Shelter

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 313-322页

作者： emily Weiss Shannon Gramann emily D. Dolan Jamie e. Scotto margaret R. Slater Shelter Research and Development Community Outreach American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA&#174) New York USA

Animal shelters’ adoption processes vary across the US. Some programs have rigorous policy based programs in which potential adopters are screened in or out based on their responses to a series of qualifying questions. Some other organizations use a conversation based approach with-out policies around such things as income, vaccination status of animals in the home and landlord approval. Those organizations that use the policy-based approach do so with the premise that the animal will be loved and cared for better by those that meet their criteria. Policy based adoptions can be arduous and can decrease adoptions, as, for example, those living in apartments that are unable to prove their landlord accepts pets are turned away. We hypothesized that meeting or not meeting policy based criteria would have no impact on the care or bond of the adopter with the pet. This study examined the quality of care and attachment in two groups of adopters, a group that adopted while policy based adoptions were in place and a group that adopted when policies were eliminated. There were no substantial differences between the two groups. This important finding indicates that those that adopt through conversation based adoptions (policy-free) provide similar high quality care and are just as likely to be highly bonded to their pet as those that adopt through policy based adoptions.

关键词： Animal Shelter Human Animal Bond Pet Adoption Dog Cat

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evaluation of Adherence to Nevirapine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission amongst Infants of HIV Positive Mothers in the First 6 Weeks of Life in Lagos Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2019年第2期9卷 70-84页

作者： Obiyo Nwaiwu Folasade A. Olatunde nkechinyere e. Harrison margaret O. Ilomuanya Oludaisi A. Oduniyi Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics and Toxicology College of Medicine University of Lagos Surulere Lagos Nigeria Department of Medicine 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital (68 NARH) Yaba Lagos Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lagos Surulere Lagos Nigeria

Background: Over 90% of infection in children is acquired through mother to child transmission (MTCT). Nevirapine’s efficacy, safety and affordable cost make it the most preferred non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for paediatric prophylactic use in resource limited settings. There are very few studies on pediatric adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis, especially in very young infants. The objective of the study was to evaluate the adherence to nevirapine for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) amongst infants of HIV positive mothers in the first 6 weeks of life. Methods: This was a questionnaire based prospective cross-sectional multicenter study initiated in July 2015 and concluded in December 2017. The study was carried out at the Aids Prevention in Nigeria (APIN/HIV) human immunodeficiency paediatric clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos State, 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Yaba (68NARHY) Lagos, Nigeria and the Holy Family Catholic Hospital, Festac Town, Amuwo Odofin, Lagos State. Nevirapine adherence, in infants of 0 - 6 weeks was measured by maternal verbal reports. Results: eighty-one (81) infants receiving nevirapine within the age of 0 - 6 weeks completed the study. Majority of the infants started treatment at birth (32%) and after 4 weeks (31%). 54% of the 81 respondents do not miss or skip their doses while 46% of respondents skip doses. Majority of the respondents 18 (49%) missed their doses for 24 - 48 hours while 25% missed their doses because they were away from home and 23% ran out of pills. 85.2% took ≥95% of the prescribed medications (good or high adherence ), 8.2% took 80% - 95% of doses (moderate adherence) while 6.2% took 0.05). Conclusions: The adherence rates found in this study are comparable to other studies in developing countries. But these rates are still low for good clinical outcomes. Different levels of adherence were documented with the majority having g

关键词： Adherence Infants Antiretroviral Prophylaxis Maternal/Caregiver Verbal Reports Nevirapine Six Weeks

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ArcGIS<sup>TM</sup>Proximity and Cluster Analysis of electron Probe Micro-Maps of Round Top Critical Mineral Deposit

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2020年第3期10卷 63-76页

作者： Lorraine M. Negrón margaret Piranian Maria A. Amaya Daniel Gorski Nicholas e. Pingitore Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA School of Nursing The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA Texas Mineral Resources Corporation Sierra Blanca Texas USA

Critical and rare earth elements are in high demand for their increasing incorporation in modern technological devices for applications in the military, industrial, commercial, and consumer sectors. Round Top Mountain, a rhyolite laccolith in Sierra Blanca, west Texas, U.S.A. is a unique mineral deposit that offers opportunity for development of rare earth elements, especially the heavy rare earths, as well as associated critical elements. The main objective here is to evaluate the distances between accessory minerals of potential economic value (yttrofluorite, cryolite, uraninite, thorite, cassiterite, and columbite), and to major (potassium feldspar, albite, and quartz) and minor minerals (annite mi-ca, magnetite, and zircon). In this study we explore the proximity and clustering of these minor and accessory minerals, at the mi-cron-to-millimeter scale, from mineral maps constructed in a previous application of ArcGISTM tools to electron probe microanal-ysis (ePMA) element maps. Our goal is to determine whether specific minerals cluster spatially and, if so, at what distances. We noted that the high-value target yttrofluorite grains often neighbor potassium feldspar and quartz grains, but less commonly magnetite and mica grains. With regard to cluster analysis, most minor and accessory minerals were found to group together at small scales (low micrometer) and were dis-persed or random at larger (up to 1 mm) distances.

关键词： ArcGISTM ePMA Proximity Ripley’s K-Function Critical Minerals Yttro-fluorite Round Top Deposit

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ArcGIS<sup>TM</sup>and Principal Component Analysis of Probe Data to Micro-Map Minerals in Round Top Rare earth Deposit

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2020年第2期10卷 39-52页

作者： Lorraine M. Negrón margaret Piranian Maria A. Amaya Daniel Gorski Nicholas e. Pingitore Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA School of Nursing The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA Texas Mineral Resources Corporation Sierra Blanca TX USA

Rare earth elements (Rees), especially heavy rare earth elements (HRees), are in demand for their current and emerging applications in advanced technologies. Here we perform computer-driven micro-mapping at the millimeter scale of the minerals that comprise Round Top Mountain, in west Texas, USA. This large rhyolite deposit is enriched in HRees and such other critical elements as Li, Be, and U. electron probe microanalysis of 2 × 2 mm areas of thin sections of the rhyolite produced individual maps of 16 elements. These were superimposed to generate a 16-element composition at each pixel. Principal components analysis of elements at each pixel identified the specific mineral at that site. The pixels were then relabeled as the appropriate minerals, thereby producing a single mineral map. The overall mineral composition of the 7 studied samples compared favorably with prior analyses of the Round Top deposit available in the literature. Likewise the range of porosity in the maps was consistent with that of previous direct measurements by water saturation. This new statistical and GIS-based technique provides a robust and unbiased approach to electron microprobe mapping. The study further showed that the high-value yttrofluorite grains exhibited little tendency to cluster with other late-stage trace minerals and that the samples extended the previously documented overall homogeneity of the deposit at field scale to this microscopic scale.

关键词： ArcGISTM electron Probe Microanalysis Principal Component Analy-sis Rare earths Yttrofluorite X-Ray Map Analyzer Round Top

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara Solomon Islands,2015

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第34期8卷 1521-1528页

作者： Aneley Getahun margaret Baekalia Nixon Panda Alice Lee elliot Puiahi Sabiha Khan Donald Tahani Doris Manongi Department of Public Health and Primary Care College of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesFiji National University Department of Health and Social Affairs Yap State Hospital School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Solomon Islands National University Concord Repatriation General Hospital University of Sydney National Referral Hospital

AIM To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. MeTHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in seven area health centers in Honiara. From March to June 2015, identification of eligible pregnant women in each site was conducted using systematic random sampling technique. A total of 243 pregnant women who gave written informed consent were enrolled. Standardized tool was used to record demographics, obstetric history and serology results. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) were tested using point-of-care rapid diagnostic test. All HBsAg positive samples were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ReSULTS The mean age of participants was 26 ± 6 years. The overall hepatitis HBsAg prevalence was 13.8% with higher rate(22%) reported in women between 30-34 years of age. Majority of HBsAg positive participants were Melanesians(29 out for 33). None of the pregnant women in the 15-19 years and ≥ 40 years tested positive for HBsAg. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg prevalence by age, ethnicity, education and residential location. The overall HBeAg seroprevalence was 36.7%. Women between 20-24 years of age had the highest rate of 54.5%. Low level of knowledge about hepatitis B vaccination was reputed. Overall, 54.6% of participants were not aware of their hepatitis B vaccination status and only 65.2% of mothers reported their child had been vaccinated. CONCLUSION Hepatitis B is a disease of public health importance in Solomon Islands and emphasize the need for integrated preventative interventions for its control.

关键词：肝炎 B 长期的肝炎肝炎 B 表面抗原肝炎 B e 抗原 Seroprevalence 怀孕女人所罗门群岛

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