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Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

Use of Patient-Specific “4D” Tele-Education to Enhance Actual and Perceived Knowledge in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) Patients

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 5-17页

作者： Molly clarke Karin Hamann Nancy Klein Laura Olivieri Yue-Hin Loke Department of Inpatient Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBoston02115USA Department of Cardiology Children’s National HospitalWashington20001USA Department of Cardiology Noninvasive Cardiac ImagingUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburgh15224USA

Background:Patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)will transition to lifelong adult congenital cardiac ***,their structural heart disease is challenging to convey via two-dimensional *** study utilized a tele-educational environment,with personalized three-dimensional(3D)modeling and health Details(3D+Details=“4D”),to improve actual and perceived knowledge,both important components of transition readiness in CHD ***:Participants aged≥13 years with a history of CHD and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)studies were *** MRI datasets were then used to segment and create 3D heart models(using Mimics,Materialize Inc.).Participantsﬁrst completed the MyHeart Questionnaire,a validated survey of actual knowledge.A tele-educational session was then scheduled,during which participants were shown a 3D model of a normal heart,followed by their personal 3D heart model and speciﬁc health *** then repeated the actual knowledge survey,in addition to questionnaires assessing perceived knowledge pre-and post-session,as well as a satisfaction ***:Twenty-two patients were *** knowledge increased from 75%±15%to 89%±20%(p=0.00043)and perceived knowledge increased inﬁve of seven *** knowledge correlated with perceived knowledge(r=0.608,p<0.0001).Ninety-one percent of participants ranked the 3D model as“very satisfactory”and ninety-ﬁve percent ranked the educational session as“very help-ful”or“extremely helpful.”Conclusions:The use of“4D”tele-education increased both actual and perceived knowledge and may help improve transition readiness in CHD patients.

关键词： Congenital heart disease tele-education transition

Effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Brandon Le Naomi E.clarke Nicolas Legrand Susana Vaz Nery The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesLevel 6Wallace Wurth BuildingSydneyNSW2052Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(STH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(PC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and Trichuris trichiura presents significant *** evidence indicates that community-wide PC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NTD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these *** conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin PC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic *** We searched Pubmed,EMBASE,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin PC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on STH infec-tions,and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after *** calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects *** protocol is available on PROSPERO(registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for *** studies delivered ivermectin through *** pooled prevalence reduction of *** following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without *** prevalence reduction of *** was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of *** was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against *** and *** on these findings,revising inter-national STH guidelines to include i

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Ivermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration Preventive chemotherapy

Functional lumen imaging probe use in a high-volume practice:Practical and technical implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第7期16卷 396-405页

作者： Yan Jiang Raul Vazquez-Reyes Afrin Kamal Thomas Zikos George Triadafilopoulos John O clarke Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineRedwoodCA 94063United States

BACKGROUND The functional lumen imaging probe(FLIP)is a Food and Drug Administration approved tool to aid the diagnosis and management of esophageal ***,widespread adoption of FLIP remains limited and its utility in highvolume practices remains *** To analyze large sample data on clinical use of FLIP and provide insight on several technical aspects when performing *** We conducted a retrospective comparative and descriptive analysis of FLIP procedures performed by a single provider at an academic medical *** was a total of 398 FLIP procedures *** medical records were reviewed and data regarding demographics and procedural details were *** tests,including chi-squared,t-test,and multivariable logistic and linear regression,were *** There was an increase in FLIP cases with each successive time period of 13 months(n=68,146,184,respectively)with notable rises specifically for indications of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux *** was a shift toward use of the longer FLIP balloon catheter for diagnostic purposes(overall 70.4%vs 29.6%,P<0.01).Many cases(42.8%)were performed in conjunction with other diagnostics/interventions,such as dilation and wireless pH probe *** were nearly equally performed with anesthesia vs moderate sedation(51.4%anesthesia),with no major *** who had anesthesia were less likely to have recurrent antegrade contractions[odds ratio(OR)=0.4,95%CI:0.3-0.8]and were also more likely to have absent contractility(OR=2.4,95%CI:1.3-CONCLUSION FLIP cases have increased in our practice with expanding indications for its *** limited normative data,providers should be aware of several potential technical issues,including the possible impact of sedation choice when assessing esophageal motility patterns.

关键词： Gastroenterology Endoscopy Functional lumen imaging probe Esophagus Motility

Protocol for the development and validation of a clinical measurement tool for fear of disease progression and recurrence in cardiac patients

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 195-204页

作者： Sarah T.clarke Michael Le Grande Barbara M.Murphy Robert Hester Alun C.Jackson Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Australian Centre for Heart Health MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre on Behavioral Health University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Introduction: One in two cardiac patients fear having another heart event or their heart condition getting worse. Research in other chronic illnesses demonstrates that screening for fear of progression and recurrence is vital for adequately addressing such concerns in clinical care. The current project aims to develop and validate a measure for fear of progression and recurrence in cardiac ***: The Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale (FCRP) will be developed through a multistep process. An initial item pool will be generated through a review of the literature and existing measures and consultation with and feedback from key informants. The item pool will be tested in a sample of over 250 adults who have ever had an acute coronary event, undergone cardiac surgery, or a chronic cardiac condition. Exploratory factor analysis will be used to identify the underlying factors, and Rasch analysis will be used to reduce the number of items. A short form version of the FCRP will be developed for use as a brief screening tool, informed by clinical relevance and Rasch psychometric ***: While many cardiac patients experience fears related to the progression or recurrence of their illness, there remains the need for a validated tool with which these concerns can be identified and measured. It is expected that the design and validation of the FCRP will aid identification of cardiac patients suffering from clinically significant levels of fear of progression and recurrence and facilitate the design of tailored psychological interventions to target these fears.

关键词： anxiety cardiac anxiety cardiac recovery cardiac rehabilitation depression fear of progression fear of recurrence psychological measurement psychosocial screening

Associations of polygenic risk scores with risks of stroke and its subtypes in Chinese

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第4期9卷 399-406,I0044-I0065页

作者： Songchun Yang Zhijia Sun Dong Sun Canqing Yu Yu Guo Dianjianyi Sun Yuanjie Pang Pei Pei Ling Yang Iona Y Millwood Robin G Walters Yiping Chen Huaidong Du Yan Lu Sushila Burgess Daniel Avery Robert clarke Junshi Chen Zhengming Chen Liming Li Jun Lv On behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Dermatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness&Response BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences BeijingChina Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford OxfordUK Clinical Trial Service Unit&Epidemiological Studies Unit(CTSU) Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK NCDs Prevention and Control Department Suzhou CDCSuzhouJiangsuChina China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking UniversityBeijingChina 不详

Background and purpose Previous studies,mostly focusing on the European population,have reported polygenic risk scores(PRSs)might achieve risk stratification of *** aimed to examine the association strengths of PRSs with risks of stroke and its subtypes in the Chinese *** Participants with genome-wide genotypic data in China Kadoorie Biobank were split into a potential training set(n=22191)and a population-based testing set(n=72150).Four previously developed PRSs were included,and new PRSs for stroke and its subtypes were *** PRSs showing the strongest association with risks of stroke or its subtypes in the training set were further evaluated in the testing *** proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association strengths of different PRSs with risks of stroke and its subtypes(ischaemic stroke(IS),intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)and subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)).Results In the testing set,during 872919 person-years of follow-up,8514 incident stroke events were *** PRSs of any stroke(AS)and IS were both positively associated with risks of AS,IS and ICH(p<0.05).The HR for per SD increment(HR_(SD))of PRSAS was 1.10(95%CI 1.07 to 1.12),1.10(95%CI 1.07 to 1.12)and 1.13(95%CI 1.07 to 1.20)for AS,IS and ICH,*** corresponding HR_(SD) of PRS_(IS) was 1.08(95%CI 1.06 to 1.11),1.08(95%CI 1.06 to 1.11)and 1.09(95%CI 1.03 to 1.15).PRS_(ICH) was positively associated with the risk of ICH(HR_(SD)=1.07,95%CI 1.01 to 1.14).PRSS_(AH) was not associated with risks of stroke and its *** addition of current PRSs offered little to no improvement in stroke risk prediction and risk *** In this Chinese population,the association strengths of current PRSs with risks of stroke and its subtypes were moderate,suggesting a limited value for improving risk prediction over traditional risk factors in the context of current genome-wide association study under-representing the East Asia

关键词： testing prediction increment

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残疾人用的饮料传递机构

机械设计与研究 1989年第3期5卷 44-48页

作者： C.W.STMMERS a.clarke 袁一镭上海重型汽车厂

本文采用瓦特Ⅰ型六杆铰链机构来帮助生理上有缺陷的人喝热饮料。饮料传递器是由曲柄摇杆机构驱动的。本文对机构的铰销力和所需电动机力矩作了分析,同时对茶杯的速度和加速度也作了分析。本文对传递器的运动范围、茶杯的速度、茶杯... 详细信息

本文采用瓦特Ⅰ型六杆铰链机构来帮助生理上有缺陷的人喝热饮料。饮料传递器是由曲柄摇杆机构驱动的。本文对机构的铰销力和所需电动机力矩作了分析,同时对茶杯的速度和加速度也作了分析。本文对传递器的运动范围、茶杯的速度、茶杯的重新灌满等这些操作要素作了讨论。

关键词：饮料传递机构残疾人医用机械

Tree: Reducing the use of restrictive practices on psychiatric wards through virtual reality immersive technology training

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第10期14卷 1521-1537页

作者： Peter Phiri Laura Pemberton Yang Liu Xiaojie Yang Joe Salmon Isabel Boulter Sana Sajid Jackie clarke Andy McMillan Jian Qing Shi Gayathri Delanerolle Department of Research&Innovation Southern Health National Health Service Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina School of Statistics and Mathematics Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunming 650221Yunnan ProvinceChina Virti Healthcare KeynshamBristol BS311SNUnited Kingdom Neuromodulation Centre Southern Health National Health Service Foundation TrustSouthampton SO140YGUnited Kingdom National Health Service Talking Therapies Southern Health National Health Service Foundation TrustSouthampton SO509FHUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Restrictive practices(RPs)are defined by measures linked to physical and chemical restraints to reduce the movement or control behaviours during any *** is an equal part of RPs intended to isolate and reduce the sensory stimulation to safeguard the patient and those within the *** interventions by way of virtual reality(VR)could assist with reducing the need for RPs as it could help reduce anxiety or agitation by way of placing users into realistic and immersive *** could also aid staff to and change current *** To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a VR platform to provide reduction in RP *** A randomised controlled feasibility study,accompanied by evaluations at 1 month and 6 months,was conducted within inpatient psychiatric wards at Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust,United *** VR scenarios were used on VR headsets to provide training on reducing RPs in 3 inpatient psychiatric *** measures included general self-efficacy scale,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 7(GAD-7),Burnout Assessment Tool 12,the Everyday Discrimination Scale,and the Compassionate Engagement and Action *** Findings revealed statistically significant differences between the VR and treatment as usual groups,in the Everyday Discrimination Scale items Q8 and Q9:P=0.023 and P=0.040 respectively,indicating higher levels of perceived discrimination in the VR *** were no significant differences between groups in terms of general self-efficacy,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 9,and Burnout Assessment Tool 12 scores.A significant difference was observed within the VR group for compassionate engagement from others(P=0.005)over *** respondents recorded System Usability Scale scores above 70,with an average score of *** was a significant reduction in rates of RPs in the VR group vs treatment as usual group with a fluctuating variability ob

关键词： Virtual reality Restrictive practices Inpatient wards Restraint Isolation Rapid tranquilisation Covert medication Procedural restrictions Health professions training

Geometric morphometric analysis of the early Pleistocene hominin teeth from Jianshi,Hubei Province,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第8期53卷 1141-1152页

作者： Ronald clarke University of the Witwatersrand JohannesburgSouth Africa

Although the early Pleistocene hominin fossils found in East Asia continent are widely recognized as the earliest hominins migrated from Africa, debates remain on the morphology and taxonomy of these fossils. In this study, dental crown shape of the three early Pleistocene hominin teeth (P3, M1, and M1) found in Jianshi, Hubei Province of China was analyzed by means of geometric morphometrics. The comparative samples of fossil hominins from Africa, Asia, and Europe as well as those of modern humans (N=257) were used. The results indicate that the contour, asymmetry, and cusp patterns of these three types of teeth differ obviously between the fossil hominins and modern humans. The crown shape of P3 in most fossil hominins including Australopithecus, African early Homo, and Asian Pleistocene hominins are asymmetric with their crown occlusal contours long and curving elliptic-shaped. The occlusal contour of the fossil hominin M1 is symmetric and rectangle-shaped with no marked cusp protrusion. The crown shape of fossil M1 is characterized by asymmetric contour with slightly projected metaconid and hypoconid. On the contrary, in modern Chinese and some European late Pleistocene hominins, the crowns of P3s show symmetric contours with buccal side wider than lingual side; the crown shape of M1 is asymmetric with lingual cusp distalplaced, especially for hypoconid; the M1 has symmetric and round crown contour. Our study reveals that Australopithecus has wide variations in its crown shape, whereas these dental morphospaces of Asian hominins are closely placed. The crown contour, symmetry, and cusp patterns of these three teeth of Jianshi hominin resemble those of Asian early and middle Pleistocene hominins. No marked difference in dental crown shape is shown between the Jianshi hominin and other Chinese Homo erectus, and there is also no evidence in support of the Jianshi hominin's closeness to Australopithecus and African early Homo members.

关键词： human evolution tooth shape geometric morphometric Jianshi Hubei China