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Th. Unified Field

Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第7期15卷 1010-1035页

作者： Joseph.h. (Cass) Forrington Managing Editor Journal of Cosmology California USA

Th.s is a Unified Field description based on th. h.lograph.c Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, wh.ch.is an eternal continuum evolving forward in th. forward direction of time, at th. speed of ligh., c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. Th.s is th. Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. Th.re is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, th. Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. Th.se evolutions are gravity, wh.ch.is th. evolutionary force in time. Gravitational velocities are compensation for th. difference in th. rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and th. dRtis equal to th. compensatory velocity’s percentage of c, and is a measure of th. force in time inducing th. velocity. In applied force induced velocities, th. dRt is a measure of th. resistance in time to th. induced velocity, wh.ch.migh. be called “anti-gravity” or “negative gravity”. Th. two effects keep th. continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated th.t gravity is already a part of th. electromagnetic field equations in way of th. dRt element contained in th. TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for ch.rged elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of th. Lorentz force ties gravity directly to th. electromagnetic field proving th. unified field of gravity and th. EMF. It is noted h.w we could possibly create gravity drives. Th.s is followed by a discussion of black h.les, proving supermassive objects, like massive black h.le singularities, are impossible, and th.t black h.les are massless Magnetosph.ric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) th.t are vortices in spacetime. .

关键词： Unified Field Gravity Anti-Gravity Astroph.sics Einstein General Relativity Special Relativity Galactic Rotation Velocities Time Dilation Spacetime Space Time Spacetime Continuum Quantum Continuum MECO Black h.le Event h.rizon Timelike Spacelike Ligh.like

Cosmology with.ut th. Cosmological Principle and with.ut Violating th. Copernican Principle: Taub-NUT Universe

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Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第8期15卷 1069-1096页

作者： Ch.rles h. McGruder III Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA

We develop a th.ory of cosmology, wh.ch.is not based on th. cosmological principle. We ach.eve th.s with.ut violating th. Copernican principle. It is well known th.t th. gravitational redsh.ft associated with.th. Sch.arzsch.ld solution applied to th. distant supernova does not lead to th. observed redsift-distance relationsh.p. We sh.w, h.wever, th.t generalizations of th. Sch.arzsch.ld metric, th. Taub-NUT metrics, do indeed lead to th. observed redsh.ft-distance relationsh.p and to th. observed time dilation. Th.se universes are not expanding rath.r th. observed cosmological redsh.ft is due to th. gravitational redsh.ft associated with.th.se solutions. Time dilation in th.se stationary universes h.s th. same dependency on redsh.ft th.t generally h.s been seen as proof th.t space is expanding. Our th.ory resolves th. h.bble tension.

关键词： Cosmology General Relativity

Time Dilation Cosmology 2

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Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第4期15卷 448-461页

作者： Joseph.h. (Cass) Forrington Managing Editor Journal of Cosmology California USA

Th.s paper is a furth.r elaboration of th. auth.r’s Time Dilation Cosmology (TDC) h.lograph.c model th.t ties gravitation and celestial mech.nics and kinematics directly to time dilation, resolving all th. major conundrums in astroph.sics, and ties astroph.sics directly to quantum ph.sics. It begins with.a brief summary of th. TDC model and contains th. new derivation for th. time dilation version of th. formula for summing relativistic velocities, Einstein’s gravitational constant and th. time dilation versions for th. Lorentz factor and th. Euclidean norm of th. 3d velocity vector, th. two of wh.ch.can th.n be used in th. Four-velocity formula. It is demonstrated h.w orbital curvature is manifested as th. resultant of two time dilation-manifested velocities. It also explains wh. an interferometer cannot distinguish.free fall from zero gravity and furth.r elaborates on th. auth.r’s previous explanations of h.w spiral galaxies are formed, and contains math.matical proof th.t Black h.les are actually Magnetosph.ric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) th.t are massless spacetime vortices.

关键词： Gravitation Time Time Dilation Celestial Mech.nics ISM: Kinematics and Dynamics Cosmology: Th.ory Galaxies: Evolution

Extinction of Ligh. in th. Galactic h.lo: First Observational Evidence of th. Interaction of Ligh. and Dark Matter

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Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第8期15卷 1144-1198页

作者： Ch.rles h. McGruder III Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green USA

We study th. distribution of quasars on th. celestial sph.re according to ground-based SDSS and space-based WISE and Gaia observations. All distributions as a function of galactic latitude, b, exh.bit a decrease in quasar frequency well outside th. dust in and near th. galactic plane. We prove th.t th. observed decrease in quasar frequency at h.gh.galactic latitudes is not accompanied by reddening, meaning th.t it can not be caused by dust. Th. scattering of ligh. by th. circumgalactic gas is negligible because th. Th.mson scattering cross section is very small. We conclude th. observed scattering of ligh. must be caused by dark matter in th. galactic h.lo. We determine th. mass and ch.rge of dark matter particles. If th. dark matter particle is a fermion its mass, mDMand ch.rge eDM=δe, wh.re e is th. elementary ch.rge are: mDM=3.2×10−2eV and δ=3.856×10−5. If h.wever th. dark matter particle is spinless th.n: mDM=0.511eV and δ=2.132×10−4. Th.se values for th. ch.rge of a dark matter particle are orders of magnitude h.gh.r th.n th. upper limit of th. neutrino ch.rge according to laboratory experiments. Consequently, dark matter particles are not ch.rged neutrinos. Since dark matter particles are ch.rged, th.y must emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. h.wever, PDM~δ2, or: PDM~1.487×10−9Pe, wh.re Peis th. power output of a single electron.

关键词： Milky Way Dark Matter h.lo (1049)

Experimental validation of double-fed induction generator in oscillating water column using circulatory system-based optimization

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 127-143页

作者： Elnagh., Basem E. Ismaiel, Ah.ed M. Abdel-Kader, Fath. El Sayed Moh.mmed, Reh.m h. Abelwh.b, M. N. Suez Canal Univ Elect Power & Machine Dept Ismailia Egypt Menoufia Univ Fac Engn Elect Machine & Power Dept Menoufia Egypt Suez Canal Univ Comp & Control Dept Ismailia Egypt

Th.s paper validates th. optimal operation for a grid-connected double-fed induction generator (DFIG) in an oscillating water column power plant (OWCPP). Th.s study presents a novel optimization tech.ique called th. circulatory system-based optimization (CSBO) approach.to develop six adaptive fuzzy logic controllers (AFLCs) with.30 parameters and compare th.m to ch.otic-billiards optimization (C-BO) and genetic algorith. (GA). Th. proposed controller is also compared with.a proportional-integral differential (PID) controller based on a self-adaptive global-best h.rmony search.(SGh.). CSBO-based AFLCs are fully investigated under different scenarios and experimented with.using a real-time interface DSP1104. Th. results of using CSBO-AFLCs revealed a fast time response, fast convergence, less oversh.ot and minimal error compared with.th.se ach.eved with.C-BO-AFLC, SGh.-PID and GA-AFLC during different case studies. Th. CSBO-based AFLCs ensure maximum power from th. DFIG in an OWCPP and enh.nce dynamic response with.very low errors. Th. results sh.w th.t th. CSBO sh.ws better power tracking by 25% as compared with.C-BO, by 45% wh.n compared with.th. GA and by 56% wh.n compared with.PID. Moreover, th. integral absolute errors of six controllers are investigated to demonstrate th. feasibility of CSBO-AFLC. Th. root mean square of th. errors of six controllers using CSBO is improved by 68.27% wh.n compared with.GA, by 22.57% wh.n compared with.C-BO and by 38.42% wh.n compared with.PID. Th.se indicators demonstrate th. feasibility of CSBO wh.n compared with.oth.r algorith.s with.th. same OWCPP. Th.s paper validates th. optimal operation of a grid-connected double-fed induction generator in an oscillating water column using a novel optimization tech.ique called th. circulatory system-based optimization approach. Experiments using a real-time simulator demonstrate th. feasibility of th. approach.wh.n compared with.oth.r algorith.s. Graph.cal Abstract

关键词： circulatory system-based optimization approach adaptive fuzzy logic controller grid-tied oscillating water column power plant maximum power point tracking WAVE ENERGY-CONVERSION DESIGN OPTIMIZATION ALGORITh. CONTROLLER TURBINE

Th. Early Warning Signs of a Stroke: An Approach.Using Mach.ne Learning Predictions

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第6期12卷 59-71页

作者： Esraa h. Augi Almabruk Sultan Department of Computer Science University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya

Early stroke prediction is vital to prevent damage. A stroke h.ppens wh.n th. blood flow to th. brain is disrupted by a clot or bleeding, resulting in brain death.or injury. h.wever, early diagnosis and treatment reduce long-term needs and lower h.alth.costs. We aim for th.s research.to be a mach.ne-learning meth.d for forecasting early warning signs of stroke. Th. meth.dology we employed feature selection tech.iques and multiple algorith.s. Utilizing th. XGboost Algorith., th. research.findings indicate th.t th.ir proposed model ach.eved an accuracy rate of 96.45%. Th.s research.sh.ws th.t mach.ne learning can effectively predict early warning signs of stroke, wh.ch.can h.lp reduce long-term treatment and reh.bilitation needs and lower h.alth.costs.

关键词： Mach.ne Learning Stroke k-Nearest Neigh.ors Decision Tree Random Forest GXboost

Scalable Jet-Based Fabrication of PEI-h.drogel Particles for CO2 Capture

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 351-358页

作者： Jiang, Jieke van Daatselaar, Eline Wijnja, h.lke de Koning Gans, Tessa Sch.llevis, Mich.l Venner, Cornelis h. Brilman, Derk W. F. Visser, Claas Willem Univ Twente Fac Engn Technol Dept Thermal & Fluid Engn Engn Fluid Dynam Grp NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Univ Twente Fac Sci & Technol Sustainable Proc Technol NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

Th. capture, regeneration, and conversion of CO2 from ambient air and flue gas streams are critical aspects of mitigating global warming. Solid sorbents for CO2 absorption are very promising as th.y h.ve h.gh.mass transfer areas with.ut energy input and reduce emissions and minimize corrosion as compared to liquid sorbents. h.wever, precisely tunable solid CO2 sorbents are difficult to produce. h.re, we demonstrate th. h.gh.th.ough.ut production of h.drogel-based CO2-absorbing particles via liquid jetting. By wrapping a liquid jet consisting of an aqueous solution of cross-linkable branch.d polyeth.lenimine (PEI) with.a layer of suspension containing h.droph.bic silica nanoparticles, monodisperse droplets with.a silica nanoparticle coating layer was formed in th. air. A stable Pickering emulsion containing PEI droplets was obtained after th.se ejected droplets were collected in a h.ated oil bath. Th. droplets turn into mm-sized particles after th.rmal curing in th. bath. Th. diameter, PEI content, and silica content of th. particles were systematically varied, and th.ir CO2 absorption was measured as a function of time. Steam regeneration of th. particles enabled cyclic testing, revealing a CO2 absorption capacity of 6.5 +/- 0.5 mol kg(-1) solid PEI in pure CO2 environments and 0.7 +/- 0.3 mol kg(-1) solid PEI for direct air capture. Several th.usands of particles were produced per second at a rate of around 0.5 kg per h.ur, with.a single nozzle. Th.s process can be furth.r scaled by parallelization. Th. complete toolbox for th. design, fabrication, testing, and regeneration of functional h.drogel particles provides a powerful route toward novel solid sorbents for regenerative CO2 capture.

关键词： CO2 capture droplet h.drogel liquid jet particle steam regeneration CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE STEAM REGENERATION SORBENTS ADSORPTION SILICA GAS SEPARATION RECOVERY DROPLETS METh.NE

“Yin-Yang ph.losoph.” for th. design of anticancer drug delivery nanoparticles

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第2期5卷 144-156页

作者： Ai Y. Tian Y. Qiao J. Wang C. Li h. Sch.ol of Lifesciences Shanghai University Shanghai China

Understanding th. in vivo transport process provides guidelines for designing ideal nanoparticles (NPs) with.h.gh.r efficacy and fewer off-target effects. Many factors, such.as particle size, morph.logy, surface potential, structural stability, and etc., may influence th. delivering process of NPs due to th. existence of various ph.siological barriers with.n th. body. h.rein, we summarise th. distinct influences of NP ph.sicoch.mical properties on th. four consecutive in vivo transport steps: (1) navigating with.bloodstream with.n blood vessels, (2) transport across vasculature walls into tumour tissues, (3) intratumoural transport th.ough.th. interstitial space, and (4) cellular uptake & intracellular delivery by cancerous cells. We found th.t th. ph.losoph. beh.nd th. current consensus for NP design h.s certain similarities to th. “Yin-Yang” th.ory in traditional Ch.nese culture. Almost all ph.sicoch.mical properties, regardless of big or small sizes, long or sh.rt length. positive or negative zeta potentials, are double-edged swords. Th. balance of potential benefits and side effects, drug selectivity and accessibility sh.uld be fully considered wh.n optimising particle design, similar to th. “Yin-Yang h.rmony”. Th.s paper presents a compreh.nsive review of th. advancements in NPs research. focusing on th.ir distinct features in tumour targeting, drug delivery, and cell uptake. Additionally, it deliberates on future developmental trends and potential obstacles, th.reby aiming to uncover th. ways th.se ch.racteristics influence th. NPs’ biological activity and provide th.oretical guidance for th. targeted delivery of NPs. © 2024, Ch.nese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All righ.s reserved.

关键词： in vivo drug delivery nanoparticle design on-demand drug release targeting strategy “Yin-Yang h.rmony”

Evaluation of Dosimetric Impact of Uncertainty of Measurement in Estimating External Radioth.rapy Dose

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 1985-1995页

作者： Collins Omondi margaret Ch.ge Samson Omondi Ph.sics Department Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of h.alth.Ph.sics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Cancer is a major societal public h.alth.and economic problem, responsible for one in every six death.. Radioth.rapy is th. main tech.ique of treatment for more th.n h.lf of cancer patients. To ach.eve a successful outcome, th. radiation dose must be delivered accurately and precisely to th. tumor, with.n ± 5% accuracy. Smaller uncertainties are required for better treatment outcome. Th. objective of th. study is to investigate th. uncertainty of measurement of external radioth.rapy beam using a standard ionization ch.mber under reference conditions. Clinical farmers type ionization ch.mber measurement was compared against th. National Reference standard, by exposing it in a beam 60Co gamma source. Th. measurement set up was carried out according to IAEA TRS 498 protocol and uncertainty of measurement evaluated according to GUM TEDDOC-1585. Evaluation and analysis were done for th. identified subjects of uncertainty contributors. Th. expanded uncertainty associated with.56 mGy/nC ND,W was found to be 0.9% corresponding to a confidence level of approximately 95% with.a coverage factor of k = 2. Th. study establish.d th. impact of dosimetry uncertainty of measurement in estimating external radioth.rapy dose. Th. investigation establish.d th.t th. largest contributor of uncertainty is th. stability of th. ionization ch.mber at 36%, followed by temperature at 22% and positioning of th. ch.mber in th. beam at 8%. Th. effect of pressure, electrometer, resolution, and reproducibility were found to be minimal to th. overall uncertainty. Th. study indicate th.t th.re is no flawless measurement, as th.re are many prospective sources of variation. Measurement results h.ve component of unreliability and sh.uld be regarded as best estimates of th. true value. .

关键词： Absorbed Dose to Water Radioth.rapy Uncertainty of Measurement Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory Ionizing Ch.mber