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Complete ablation of tumors using synchronous chemoradiation with bimetallic theranostic nanoparticles

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 74-84页

作者： Hamed Nosrati Elahe Attari Fatemeh Abhari Murat Barsbay Mohammadreza Ghaffarlou Navid Mousazadeh Rasoul Vaezi Taras Kavetskyy Hamed Rezaeejam Thomas j.webster Behrooz johari Hossein Danafar Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems DrohobychUkraineBakuAzerbaijan Department of Radiology School of Paramedical SciencesZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139-56184Iran Hacettepe University Department of ChemistryBeytepeAnkara06800Turkey Department of Medical Biotechnology School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139-56184Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology School of PharmacyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran Department of Surface Engineering The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin20-950LublinPoland Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University 82100DrohobychUkraine Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115United States

Synchronous chemotherapy and radiotherapy,termed chemoradiation therapy,is now an important standard regime for synergistic cancer treatment.For such treatment,nanoparticles can serve as improved carriers of chemotherapeutics into tumors and as better radiosensitizers for localized radiotherapy.Herein,we designed a Schottky-type theranostic heterostructure,Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au,with deep level defects(DLDs)in Bi_(2)S_(3) as a nano-radiosensitizer and CT imaging contrast agent which can generate reactive free radicals to initiate DNA damage within tumor cells under X-ray irradiation.Methotrexate(MTX)was conjugated onto the Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au nanoparticles as a chemotherapeutic agent showing enzymatic stimuli-responsive release behavior.The designed hybrid system also contained curcumin(CUR),which cannot only serve as a nutritional supplement for chemotherapy,but also can play an important role in the radioprotection of normal cells.Impressively,this combined one-dose chemoradiation therapeutic injection of co-drug loaded bimetallic multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles with a one-time clinical X-ray irradiation,completely eradicated tumors in mice after approximately 20 days after irradiation showing extremely effective anticancer efficacy which should be further studied for numerous anti-cancer applications.

关键词： Combination therapy Radiosensitizer Semiconductor Heterojunction Radioprotector

Longitudinal Heating Gradient: Another Possible Factor Influencing the Intensity of the Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第4期9卷 397-410页

作者： Peter j.webster The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USAhe largest longitudinal heating gradients in the tropics exist between the African desert and Asian convective regions during summer once the South Asian monsoon is established. The heating gradients are anchored by the latent heat release and net radiative flux convergence over the monsoon region and by the dominant net radiative flux divergence over the desert.An apparent relationship is found between the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation and the longitudinal heating gradients mentioned in addition to the latitudinal heating gradients cross the monsoon region. The monsoon circulation measured in terms of the zonal wind component is stronger when the longitudinal heating gradients are large and vice versa. Thus we claim that the longitudinal heating gradient may be another important factor which influences the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation. There is little evidence that the interannual variability of the longitudinal heating gradients between Africa and Asia and thus the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation is a strong function of the El Nino / Southern Oscillation cycle.

The largest longitudinal heating gradients in the tropics exist between the African desert and Asian convective regions during summer once the South Asian monsoon is established. The heating gradients are anchored by the latent heat release and net radiative flux convergence over the monsoon region, and by the dominant net radiative flux divergence over the desert.An apparent relationship is found between the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation and the longitudinal heating gradients mentioned, in addition to the latitudinal heating gradients cross the monsoon region. The monsoon circulation measured in terms of the zonal wind component is stronger when the longitudinal heating gradients are large, and vice versa. Thus, we claim that the longitudinal heating gradient may be another important factor which influences the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation. There is little evidence that the interannual variability of the longitudinal heating gradients between Africa and Asia and, thus, the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation, is a strong function of the El Nino / Southern Oscillation cycle.

关键词： Asia over OLR Longitudinal Heating Gradient

The Structure of Low Frequency Phenomena in the Tropics and Its Interaction with the Extratropics

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： Peter j.webster 董敏 Department of Meteorology The Pennsylvania Stale University PA 16802 USA Academy of Meteorological Science State Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 PRChe structure of planetary scale low freonency phenomena in the tropics is studied and an attempt is made to determine its influence and interactions with phenomena at higher latitudes.In the tropics it is found that the majority of the variance in the zonal wind structure is made up in wave numbers I and 2. During warm events in the Pacific Ocean when the Southern Oscillation Index is negative almost all of the variance resides in the gravest mode which undergoes a 40° eastward phase shift. Meanwhile the second logitudinal mode almost disappears. On the other hand the meridional wind field possesses maximum amplitude at higher wave numbers. However near the equatorthe amplitude is small with extreme values occurring in the subtropics. The difference in scale and the location of cxtrcma of the meridional and zonal wind components indicate that the tropical atmosphere is responding to two different driving mechanisms.Correlation analyses between variations of the zonal wind at reference points along the equator with variations of component elsewhere show that there are strong logitudinal connections. The strongest correlations between the tropics and higher latitudes exist in the region of the equatorial westerlies. In fact stronger correlations occur between variations in U anywhere along the equator and the middle latitudes to the north and south of the equatorial westerlies than to the latitudes immediately to the north and south of the reference points. We interpret this "remote" correlation pattern as indicating a two-stage teleconnection process which emphasizes the importance of the equatorial tropical westerlies of the Pacific Ocean as a "corridor" of communication between the low and high latitudes. The regionality of the correlations confirms to some extent recent theoretical development regarding trapped equatorial modes. Finally

The structure of planetary scale low freonency phenomena in the tropics is studied, and an attempt is made to determine its influence and interactions with phenomena at higher latitudes.In the tropics, it is found that the majority of the variance in the zonal wind structure is made up in wave numbers I and 2. During warm events in the Pacific Ocean, when the Southern Oscillation Index is negative, almost all of the variance resides in the gravest mode which undergoes a 40° eastward phase shift. Meanwhile, the second logitudinal mode almost disappears. On the other hand, the meridional wind field possesses maximum amplitude at higher wave numbers. However, near the equator,the amplitude is small with extreme values occurring in the subtropics. The difference in scale and the location of cxtrcma of the meridional and zonal wind components indicate that the tropical atmosphere is responding to two different driving mechanisms.Correlation analyses between variations of the zonal wind at reference points along the equator with variations of component elsewhere show that there are strong logitudinal connections. The strongest correlations between the tropics and higher latitudes exist in the region of the equatorial westerlies. In fact, stronger correlations occur between variations in U anywhere along the equator and the middle latitudes to the north and south of the equatorial westerlies than to the latitudes immediately to the north and south of the reference points. We interpret this 'remote' correlation pattern as indicating a two-stage teleconnection process which emphasizes the importance of the equatorial tropical westerlies of the Pacific Ocean as a 'corridor' of communication between the low and high latitudes. The regionality of the correlations confirms, to some extent, recent theoretical development regarding trapped equatorial modes. Finally, time lagged correlations from plus and minus six months between variations of U and OLR indicate that the interactions between the extratropics and low latitudes po

关键词： In The Structure of Low Frequency Phenomena in the Tropics and Its Interaction with the Extratropics

Surface energy-mediated fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast responses on nanostructured diamond

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第5期35卷 817-823页

作者： Yixing Tian Huiling Liu Brian W.Sheldon Thomas j.webster Sichen Yang Huilin Yang Lei Yang Orthopaedic Institute and Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA. 02115 USA International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China UWC Changshu China Changshu Jiangsu 215500 China

Nanostructured diamond have potential applications in many biomedical related fields and demonstrated extraordinary capacity to influence cellular responses. Studying the surface property of nanodiamond and its influence to protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses along with the mechanism behind such capacity becomes more important. Here the role of surface energy associated with nanostructured diamond in modulating fibronectin and osteoblast(OB, bone forming cells) responses was investigated. Nanocrystalline diamond(NCD) and submicron crystalline diamond(SMCD) films with controllable surface energy were prepared by microwave-enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD) techniques. Fibronectin adsorption on the diamond films with varied surface energy values was measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the relationship between the surface energy and fibronectin adsorption was studied. The result indicated that fibronectin adsorption on nanostructured surfaces was closely related to both surface energy and material microstructures. The spreading and migration of OB aggregates(each containing 30–50 cells) on the NCD with varied surface energy values were also studied. The result indicates a correlation between the cell spreading and migration on nanodiamond and the surface energy of nanostructured surface.

关键词： Nanostructure Diamond films Surface characteristics Protein adsorption Cell responses

CAR-T cells: Early successes in blood cancer and challenges in solid tumors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第5期11卷 1129-1147页

作者： Hassan Dana Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani Seyed Amir jalali Hamid Reza Mirzaei Stephan A.Grupp Eloah Rabello Suarez Catarina Raposo Thomas j.webster Cancer Research Center Cancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran 13145-158Iran Department of Medical Immunology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iron Department of Immunology School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Division of Oncology Department of Pediatricsthe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Center for Natural and Human Sciences Federal University of ABCSanto AndreSP 09210-580Brazil Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences State University of Campinas(UNICAMP)CampinasSP 13083-87JBrazil Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

New approaches to cancer immunotherapy have been developed, showing the ability to harness the immune system to treat and eliminate cancer. For many solid tumors, therapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown promise. For hematologic malignancies, adoptive and engineered cell therapies are being widely developed, using cells such as T lymphocytes, as well as natural killer(NK) cells, dendritic cells, and potentially others. Among these adoptive cell therapies, the most active and advanced therapy involves chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells, which are T cells in which a chimeric antigen receptor is used to redirect specificity and allow T cell recognition, activation and killing of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Two autologous CAR-T products have been approved by several health authorities,starting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in 2017. These products have shown powerful, inducing, long-lasting effects against B cell cancers in many cases. In distinction to the results seen in hematologic malignancies, the field of using CAR-T products against solid tumors is in its infancy. Targeting solid tumors and trafficking CAR-T cells into an immunosuppressive microenvironment are both significant challenges. The goal of this review is to summarize some of the most recent aspects of CAR-T cell design and manufacturing that have led to successes in hematological malignancies, allowing the reader to appreciate the barriers that must be overcome to extend CAR-T therapies to solid tumors successfully.

关键词： Immunotherapy T cell therapy Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR) Genetic engineering

A novel near-infrared light responsive 4D printed nanoarchitecture with dynamically and remotely controllable transformation

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Nano Research 2019年第6期12卷 1381-1388页

作者： Haitao Cui Shida Miao Timothy Esworthy Se-jun Lee Xuan Zhou Sung Yun Hann Thomas j.webster Brent T.Harris Lijie Grace Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Neurology and Pathology Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20007USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Medicine The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging and highly innovative additive manufacturing process by which to fabricate pre-designed,self-assembly structures with the ability to transform over time.However,one of the critical challenges of 4D printing is the lack of advanced 4D printing systems that not only meet all the essential requirements of shape change but also possess smart,dynamic capabilities to spatiotemporally and instantly control the shape-transformation process.Here,we present a facile 4D printing platform which incorporates nanomaterials into the conventional stimuli-responsive polymer,allowing the 4D printed object to achieve a dynamic and remote controlled,on-time and position shape transformation.A proof-of-concept 4D printed brain model was created using near-infrared light (NIR) responsive nanocomposite to evaluate the capacity for controllable 4D transformation,and the feasibility of photothermal stimulation for modulating neural stem cell behaviors.This novel 4D printing strategy can not only be used to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can spatiotemporally control their shapes or behaviors of transformation under a human benign stimulus (NIR),but can also provide a potential method for building complex self-morphing objects for widespread applications.

关键词： near-infrared light responsive four-dimensional (4D) printing dynamically and remotely controllable graphene brain neural stem cell

Texture Beyond the Clause

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Annual Review of Functional Linguistics

Annual Review of Functional Linguistics 2010年 94-113+232-233页

作者： jonathan j.webster Department of Chinese Translation and LinguisticsCity University of Hong Kong

One of the requirements every language has to meet is that of texture.Texture is evident in the relations which exist between functionally-significant text spans,which range in size from the text as a whole down to each individual constituent clause.Rhetorical Structure Theory(RST) proposes a finite set of relations as the basis for forming successively larger spans,thereby creating a coherent text.In this paper,the author illustrates the application of Rhetorical Structure Theory to the analysis of texture beyond the clause.While some relations are signaled lexico-grammatically,other relations have to be inferred by the analyst.The resulting analysis is a theory of the text which takes into account the functional and hierarchical structuring of texts beyond the clause.

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A Comparative Study of Obama's Closing Statements in the 2012 US Presidential Debates: Lessons Learned from a Systemic-Functional Analysis

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第1期2卷 146-157页

作者： Carol L.webster jonathan j.webster Hong Kong Polytechnic University China City University of Hong Kong China

In this paper, we present a comparative study of Obama's closing statements in the presidential debates, in particular, the first and third debates with Mitt Romney in 2012. Obama was considered to have done poorly in the first debate, but very well in the third debate. A systemic-functional analysis of Obama's closing statements in these two debates reveals the lexicogrammatical and rhetorical choices which contribute to the functional and aesthetic value of Obama's debate performance.

关键词： systemic-functional linguistics political discourse debate performance theme analysis

Nanocarrier drug resistant tumor interactions: novel approaches to fight drug resistance in cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第2期4卷 264-297页

作者： Aleksandra Benko David Medina-Cruz Ada Vernet-Crua Catherine P.O'Connell MałgorzataŚwiętek Hamed Barabadi Muthupandian Saravanan Thomas j.webster AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and CeramicsKrakow 30059Poland Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of SciencesPrague 16206Czech Republic Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran 19919-53381Iran Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Division of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineCollege of Health SciencesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia.

Cancer is one of the biggest healthcare concerns in our century,a disease whose treatment has become even more difficult following reports of drug-resistant tumors.When this happens,chemotherapy treatments fail or decrease in efficiency,leading to catastrophic consequences to the patient.This discovery,along with the fact that drug resistance limits the efficacy of current treatments,has led to a new wave of discovery for new methods of treatment.The use of nanomedicine has been widely studied in current years as a way to effectively fight drug resistance in cancer.Research in the area of cancer nanotechnology over the past decades has led to tremendous advancement in the synthesis of tailored nanoparticles with targeting ligands that can successfully attach to chemotherapy-resistant cancer by preferentially accumulating within the tumor region through means of active and passive targeting.Consequently,these approaches can reduce the off-target accumulation of their payload and lead to reduced cytotoxicity and better targeting.This review explores some categories of nanocarriers that have been used in the treatment of drug-resistant cancers,including polymeric,viral,lipid-based,metal-based,carbon-based,and magnetic nanocarriers,opening the door for an exciting field of discovery that holds tremendous promise in the treatment of these tumors.

关键词： Drug-resistance cancer nanotechnology nanocarriers drug delivery