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fISH ASSEMBlAGE RESPONSES TO dIffERENT SECONdARY CHANNEl dESIGNS IN THE lOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER,U.S.A.:A TEMPlATE fOR RIVER RESTORATION

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水生生物学报 2018年第6期42卷 1089-1106页

作者： KAISER Joseph E. SMITH Shannon C.f. SCHRAMM jr.,HAROld l. EGGlETON Michael A. department of Aquaculture and fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff1200 N.UniversityMail Slot 4912Pine BluffArkansas 71601U.S.A U.S.Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitMississippi State University

The lower Mississippi River(lMR) has been heavily modified for multiple human purposes such as navigation, flood control, and bank stabilization. However, the lMR simultaneously supports a diverse fish fauna that includes recreational and commercial fisheries. due to river training and diversion structures constructed during the past 80 years, the historic characteristics of the lMR have been drastically altered and have likely influenced fishes and fisheries in the system. One common restoration measure used throughout the lMR has been to "notch" wing-dike structures that close secondary(side) river channels. dike notching allows year-round flows through secondary channels, which enhances habitat diversity and promotes biological productivity at the ecosystem scale. Although notching is presumed good for lMR fishes and other biota, few studies have examined its effects on fish assemblages. In this study, fish assemblages were sampled at seven lMR secondary channels spanning from river kilometer(rkm) 628(louisiana-Mississippi, U.S.A.) upstream to rkm 1504(Missouri-Kentucky, U.S.A.). four secondary channels were termed "permanent"(i.e.,with notched dikes) while three secondary channels were termed "temporary"(i.e., without notched dikes).fishes were sampled by boat-mounted electrofishing conducted during falling and low stages from1995—1997. fish assemblages differed between permanent and temporary secondary channels, and varied somewhat between falling and low stages. Gizzard shad(dorosoma cepedianum), threadfin shad(d. petenense), and white bass(Morone chrysops) demonstrated consistent preferences for low-current conditions associated with temporary secondary channels. Conversely, blue catfish(Ictalurus furcatus), flathead catfish(Pylodictis olivaris), and freshwater drum(Aplodinotus grunniens) were more associated with permanent secondary channels. future restoration strategies in the lMR should consider dike notching and resultant maintenance of permanent seconda

关键词： Mississippi River Secondary channels dikes fish assemblages River restoration River rehabilitation

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Time-lapse 3-d Seismic Wave Simulation via the Generalized Multiscale finite Element Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2020年第6期28卷 401-423页

作者： Yongchae Cho Richard l.Gibson,jr. Hyunmin Kim Mikhail Artemyev Yalchin Efendiev Shell International Exploration&Production Inc. 150 N Dairy Ashford RoadHoustonTX 77079USA department of Geology&Geophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843-3115USA Shell Exploration&Production Company 701 Poydras StreetNew OrleansLA 70139USA Arista Networks DublinIreland department of Mathematics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843-3368USA Multiscale Model Reduction laboratory North-Eastern Federal UniversityYakutskRepublic of Sakha 677980Russia

Numerical solution of time-lapse seismic monitoring problems can be challenging due to the presence of finely layered *** wave modeling using fine layered meshes also adds more computational *** approaches such as finite difference and finite element methods may be prohibitively expensive if the whole domain is discretized with the cells corresponding to the grid in the reservoir subdomain.A common approach in this case is to use homogenization techniques to upscale properties of subsurface media and assign the background properties to coarser grid;however,inappropriate application of upscaling might result in a distortion of the model,which hinders accurate monitoring of the fluid change in *** this work,we instead investigate capabilities of a multiscale method that can deal with fine scale heterogeneities of the reservoir layer and more coarsely meshed rock properties in the surrounding domains in the same *** address the 3-d wave problems,we also demonstrate how the multiscale wave modeling technique can detect the changes caused by fluid movement while the hydrocarbon production activity proceeds.

关键词： fluid simulation time lapse Generalized multiscale finite element elastic wave

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local perceptions of climate change and adaptation needs in the Ifugao Rice Terraces (Northern Philippines)

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山地科学学报（英文） 2017年第8期14卷 1455-1472页

作者： Mario A.SORIANO jr. Johanna dIWA Srikantha HERATH Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability United Nations University School of forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University

The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows:(i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system;(ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and;(iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressingbroader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs.

关键词： Ifugao Rice Terraces Climate Change Traditional Knowledge Indigenous Adaptation Social-Ecological System Sustainability

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feature Representations Using the Reflected Rectified linear Unit(RRelU) Activation

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Big data Mining and Analytics 2020年第2期3卷 102-120页

作者： Chaity Banerjee Tathagata Mukherjee Eduardo Pasiliao jr. department of Idustrial&Systems Engineering University of Central FloridaFloridaOrlandoFL 32816-2368USA department of Computer Science University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL 35806USA Air force Research labs United States Air ForceEglin Air Force BaseShalimarFL 32579USA

deep Neural Networks(dNNs)have become the tool of choice for machine learning practitioners *** important aspect of designing a neural network is the choice of the activation function to be used at the neurons of the different *** this work,we introduce a four-output activation function called the Reflected Rectified linear Unit(RRe lU)activation which considers both a feature and its negation during *** activation function is"sparse",in that only two of the four possible outputs are active at a given *** test our activation function on the standard MNIST and CIfAR-10 datasets,which are classification problems,as well as on a novel Computational fluid dynamics(Cfd)dataset which is posed as a regression *** the baseline network for the MNIST dataset,having two hidden layers,our activation function improves the validation accuracy from 0.09 to 0.97 compared to the well-known Re lU *** the CIfAR-10 dataset,we use a deep baseline network that achieves 0.78 validation accuracy with 20 epochs but overfits the *** the RRe lU activation,we can achieve the same accuracy without overfitting the *** the Cfd dataset,we show that the RRe lU activation can reduce the number of epochs from 100(using Re lU)to 10 while obtaining the same levels of performance.

关键词： deep learning feature space approximations multi-output activations Rectified linear Unit(RelU)

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A new species of smooth skink (Squamata： Scincidae： Scincella) from Cambodia

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Zoological Research 2018年第3期39卷 220-240页

作者： Thy Neang Somaly Chan Nikolay A. Poyarkov, jr. Wild Earth Allies Sk. Phnom Penh Thmei Kh. Sen Sok Phnom Penh Cambodia Ministry of Environment Sk. Tonle Bassac Kh. Chamkarmorn Phnom Penh Cambodia department of Vertebrate Zoology Biological Faculty Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119234 Russia Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre Nghia Do Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam

Based on morphological and genetic evidence we evaluated the taxonomic status of a newly discovered forest-dwelling population of skink （genus Scincella） from the Keo Selma Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. from phylogenetic analysis of a 668-bp fragment of the mtdNA COl and diagnostic morphological characters we allocate the newly discovered population to the Scincella reevesii-S. rufocaudata species complex and describe it as Scincella nigrofasciata sp. nov. The new skink species can be distinguished from all other Southeast Asian congeners by the following combination of morphological characters： snout-vent length （SVl） 40.0-52.6 mm; relative tail length （Tal/SVl ratio） 1.25-1.94; prefrontals in broad contact; infralabials 6; primary temporals 2; relative forelimb length （fIl/SVl ratio） 0.20-0.22; relative hindlimb length （HIl/SVl ratio） 0.30-0.33; relative forearm length （fol/SVl ratio） 0.14-0.16; adpressed forelimbs and hind limbs either overlapping （0.4-2.2 mm） or separated （1.9-2.3 mm）; midbody scale rows 32-33, paravertebral scales 69-74, vertebral scales 65-69; dorsal scales between dorsolateral stripes 8; comparatively slender fingers and toes, subdigital lamellae under fourth toe 15-17; dark discontinuous regular dorsal stripes 5-7; distinct black dorsolateral stripes, narrowing to lateral sides and extending to 52%-86% of total tail length. We provide additional information on the holotype of Scincella rufocaudata （darevsky ＆ Nguyen, 1983）, and provide evidence for the species status of Scincella rupicola. Our discovery brings the number of Scincellaspecies in Cambodia to five and emphasizes the incompleteness of knowledge on the herpetofaunal diversity of this country.

关键词： Mondulkiri Keo Seima WildlifeSanctuary Taxonomy mtdNA COl dNA barcoding Phylogenetics

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Impact of enteroscopy on diagnosis and management of small bowel tumors

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2020年第3期32卷 319-333页

作者： Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro Ulysses Ribeiro jr. Endoscopy Unit of the department of Gastroenterology Sao Paulo Cancer InstituteUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical School(ICESP-HCFMUSP)Sao Paulo 01327-002Brazil

Small bowel tumors(SBTs)have been increasingly diagnosed in recent *** pathogenesis of this increment is largely unknown,but advances in radiological and endoscopic methods facilitate the improvement of the *** endoscopy(CE)and device-assisted enteroscopy(dAE)allow the clinician to assess the entire small bowel in the search for suspicious lesions,or a cause of *** this review,we discuss the role of enteroscopy,techniques and strategies in the diagnosis and management of SBTs,and a brief description of the most common tumors.

关键词： device-assisted enteroscopy capsule endoscopy double balloon endoscopy single balloon endoscopy small bowel tumors enteroscopy

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A phased approach to enable hybrid simulation of complex structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第S1期13卷 63-77页

作者： Billie f.Spencer jr. Chia-Ming Chang Thomas M.frankie daniel A.Kuchma Pedro f.Silva Adel E.Abdelnaby department of Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Nathan M.& Anne M.Newmark Endowed Chair Earthquake Engineering Research &Test Center Guangzhou University Associate Professor Wiss JanneyElstner AssociatesInc. department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign department of Civil and Environmental Engineering George Washington University department of Civil Engineering University of Memphis Assistant Professor

Hybrid simulation has been shown to be a cost-effective approach for assessing the seismic performance of structures. In hybrid simulation,critical parts of a structure are physically tested,while the remaining portions of the system are concurrently simulated computationally,typically using a finite element model. This combination is realized through a numerical time-integration scheme,which allows for investigation of full system-level responses of a structure in a cost-effective manner. However,conducting hybrid simulation of complex structures within large-scale testing facilities presents significant challenges. for example,the chosen modeling scheme may create numerical inaccuracies or even result in unstable simulations; the displacement and force capacity of the experimental system can be exceeded; and a hybrid test may be terminated due to poor communication between modules(e.g.,loading controllers,data acquisition systems,simulation coordinator). These problems can cause the simulation to stop suddenly,and in some cases can even result in damage to the experimental specimens; the end result can be failure of the entire experiment. This study proposes a phased approach to hybrid simulation that can validate all of the hybrid simulation components and ensure the integrity largescale hybrid simulation. In this approach,a series of hybrid simulations employing numerical components and small-scale experimental components are examined to establish this preparedness for the large-scale experiment. This validation program is incorporated into an existing,mature hybrid simulation framework,which is currently utilized in the Multi-Axial full-Scale Sub-Structuring Testing and Simulation(MUST-SIM) facility of the George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation(NEES) equipment site at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. A hybrid simulation of a four-span curved bridge is presented as an example,in which three piers are experimentally controlle

关键词： hybrid simulation seismic performance evaluation phased approach curved bridge MUST-SIM facility

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Changing structure of China's meat imports

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1081-1091页

作者： CHENG Ya-hao Zhifeng Gao James Seale jr. department of Economics Nankai University food and Resource Economics department University of Florida

This paper discusses the determinants of meat imports of China. Results indicate that import demand is mostly determined by import price and real GdP. Imported price has a negative effect and real GdP has a positive influence on import quantity. Tariff does not have a significant effect. As GdP and consumption capacity increases, China has a large potential demand for meat imports. Some countries may gain if China＇s economy continues expanding, while others, like the United States, are the most sensitive to the trade policy of China.

关键词： imports Zealand expanding Australia income prices capita fresh mostly accounting

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large intestinal dynamics differ between fowl and swine:Anatomical modifications,microbial collaboration,and digestive advantages from fibrolytic enzymes

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 160-170页

作者： Edwin T.Moran jr. Michael R.Bedford Poultry Science department Auburn UniversityAL 36830-5416USA AB Vista Woodstock CourtBlenheim RoadMarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

The large intestinal systems of fowl and swine recover nutrients from ileal indigesta by a strategically different *** with fowl enter a short colon where retro-peristalsis using urine from the urodeum carries small particulates and solutes into both ceca while coarse materials collect in the *** repetitively add fine and soluble materials into both ceca to continue fermentation until complexity of the remainder exceeds microbial action,then contents apart from faeces are entirely *** with swine initially enter a short cecum followed by a lengthy progression through to the rectal *** out-pocketings of circular muscle or haustrae occur throughout the length of the pig's cecum and helicoidal *** pocket carries contents acquired earlier in the *** collects fines and solutes into haustrae during their progression through the colon whereas coarse particulates assemble in the *** contents continually ferment during movement to the distal colon with resulting volatile fatty acids(VfA)and electrolytes being *** loosely covers the lumen surface in caeca as well as helicoidal colon that may capture microbes from active intestinal contents as well as release others to sustain *** microbial community continually modifies to accommodate fibre complexity as *** starches(RS)and simple oligosaccharides rapidly ferment to yield VfA while encouraging butyric acid in the cecum and anterior colon,whereas non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)complexity requires extended durations through the remaining colon that enhance acetic *** fibre eventually results in undue complexity for fermentation and consolidates at termination of the *** compact pellets are placed on core contents to form faeces having a nodular ***,propionic,and butyric acids represent the bulk of VfA and are derived from non-digestible *** enzymes,when supplemented

关键词： Butyric acid Endogenous protein Intestinal microbes large intestine Volatile fatty acids Xylanase

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Astigmatic correction with implantation of a light adjustable vs monofocal lens: a single site analysis of a randomized controlled trial

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第7期12卷 1101-1107页

作者： Majid Moshirfar William d.Wagner Steven H.linn david f.Skanchy Tanner W.Brown Aaron T.Gomez Jackson l.Goldberg Yasmyne C.Ronquillo Phillip C.Hoopes jr. HdR Research Center Hoopes VisionDraper UT 84020USA John A. Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Utah lions Eye Bank MurrayUT 84107USA Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine RichmondVA23298USA McGovem Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center HoustonTX77030USA The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine EdinburgTX78539USA

AIM: To evaluate the light adjustable lens(lAl) vs a standard monofocal lens in achieving target astigmatic refraction and improving postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UdVA). METHOdS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with pre-existing astigmatism and visually significant cataract. Twenty-eight patients received the lAl and 12 control patients received a monofocal intraocular lens(IOl) after cataract extraction at a single institution. The patients with the lAl underwent adjustment by ultraviolet(UV) light postoperatively plus subsequent lock-in procedures and all patients returned to clinic for follow up of study parameters at 6, 9, and 12 mo. Manifest refraction, distance visual acuity, and adverse events were recorded at each ***: The mean cylinder before adjustment in eyes with the lAl was-0.89±0.58 d(-2.00 to 0.00 d) and-0.34±0.34 d(-1.25 to 0.00 d) after lock-in(P=1.68 x10-8). The mean cylinder in patients with the monofocal lens was-1.00±0.32 d(-1.50 to-0.50 d) at 17-21 d postoperatively, which was statistically different from the lAl cylinder postlock-in(P=1.43 x10-6). UdVA in the lAl group was 20/20 or better in 79% of patients post lock-in with good stability over 12 mo compared with 33% of the control patients with UdVA of 20/20 or better. CONClUSION: These results demonstrate that the lAl is more effective in achieving target refractions and improving postoperative UdVA in patients with pre-existing corneal astigmatism than a standard monofocal lens.

关键词： light adjustable lens monofocal lens astigmatism cataract

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