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Helicobacter pylori gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and its pathogenic role

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 630-638页

作者： Vittorio Ricci Maria Giannouli marco romano Raffaele Zarrilli Department of Molecular Medicine Human Physiology SectionUniversity of Pavia Medical School Department of Public Health Hygiene SectionUniversity of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Chair of GastroenterologySecond University of Naples CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate

Helicobacter pylori(***)gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)is a bacterial virulence factor that converts glutamine into glutamate and ammonia,and converts glutathione into glutamate and *** GGT causes glutamine and glutathione consumption in the host cells,ammonia production and reactive oxygen species *** products induce cell-cycle arrest,apoptosis,and necrosis in gastric epithelial *** GGT may also inhibit apoptosis and induce gastric epithelial cell proliferation through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2,epidermal growth factor-related peptides,inducible nitric oxide synthase and *** GGT induces immune tolerance through the inhibition of T cell-mediated immunity and dendritic cell *** effect of GGT on *** colonization and gastric persistence are also discussed.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Bacterial virulence factor Gastric epithelial cell damage T cell-mediated immunity

Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第29期24卷 3204-3221页

作者： Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Rocco Maurizio Zagari Cristiana De Musis Lorenzo romano Carmelina Loguercio marco romano Dipartimento di "Medicina di Precisione" UOC Epatogastroenterologia Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Dipertimento Di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Università di Bologna

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Extragastric disease Neurological diseases Dermatological diseases Hematologic diseases Ocular diseases Cardiovascular diseases Metabolic diseases Allergic diseases Hepatobiliary diseases

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection:Which regimen first?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 665-672页

作者： Alessandro Federico Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Agnese Miranda Carmela Loguercio marco romano Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Gastroenterology UnitSecond University of Naples

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a well-known human pathogen that plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies. Although H. pylori is susceptible to several antimicrobials, this infection has proven challenging to cure because of the increasing prevalence of bacterial strains that are resistant to the most commonly used antimicrobials, particularly clarithromycin. An effective (i.e., > 90%) first-line therapy is mandatory for avoiding supplementary treatments and testing, and more importantly for preventing the development of secondary resistance. This study reviews the recent literature on first-line therapies for H. pylori. The eradication rates following standard triple therapy (a proton pump inhibitor plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin) for H. pylori infection are declining worldwide. Several first-line strategies have been proposed to increase the eradication rate, including extending the treatment duration to 14 d, the use of a four-drug regimen (bismuth-containing quadruple, sequential, and concomitant treatments), and the use of novel antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones. However, the efficacy of these regimens is controversial. A first-line eradication regimen should be based on what works best in a defined geographical area and must take into account the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in that region.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Sequential therapy Hybrid therapy Concomitant therapy Clarithromycin Levofloxacin

Pericyte Plasticity in the Brain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第3期35卷 551-560页

作者： Gabryella S.P.Santos Luiz A.V.Magno marco A.romano-Silva Akiva Mintz Alexander Birbrair Departamento de Patologia Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMG 31270-901Brazil Department of Mental Health Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMG 30130-100Brazil Department of Radiology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA

Cerebral pericytes are perivascular cells that stabilize blood vessels. Little is known about the plasticity of pericytes in the adult brain in vivo. Recently, using stateof-the-art technologies, including two-photon microscopy in combination with sophisticated Cre/loxP in vivo tracing techniques, a novel role of pericytes was revealed in vascular remodeling in the adult brain. Strikingly, after pericyte ablation, neighboring pericytes expand their processes and prevent vascular dilatation. This new knowledge provides insights into pericyte plasticity in the adult brain.

关键词： Pericytes Brain Blood vessel Plasticity

Fat:A matter of disturbance for the immune system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第38期16卷 476-4772页

作者： Alessandro Federico Elena D’Aiuto Francesco Borriello Giusi Barra Antonietta Gerarda Gravina marco romano Raffaele De Palma Section of Gastroenterology Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples Section of Clinical Immunology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Second University of Naples

Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for a number of benign and malignant gastrointestinal conditions. However, literature on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is sparse and ambiguous. There is compelling evidence that both overnutrition and undernutrition negatively interfere with the immune system. Overnutrition has been found to increase susceptibility to the development of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the regulation of immune and in? ammatory processes, white adipose tissue plays a critical role, not only as an energy store but also as an important endocrine organ. The obese state is characterised by a low-grade systemic in? ammation, mainly as a result of increased adipocytes as well as fat resident-and recruited-macrophage activity. In the past few years, various products of adipose tissue including adipokines and cytokines have been characterised and a number of pathways linking adipose tissue metabolism with the immune system have been identified. Activation of the innate immune system plays a major role in hepatic steatosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a wide spectrum of diseases, from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis in the absence of signif icant alcohol consumption. Although steatosis is considered a non-progressive disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis may deteriorate in advanced chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important parallel between obesityrelated pathology of adipose tissue and liver pertains to the emerging role of macrophages, and growing evidence suggests that Kupffer cells critically contribute to progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a close link between specif ic immune activation and atherosclerosis has been well established, suggesting that fat can directly trigger immune responses. This review discusses the role of fat as "a matter of disturbance for the immune system" with a focus on hepat

关键词： Adipocytokine Adipose tissue Fat Immune system Kupffer cell Natural killer Steatosis

“Starry liver”-Von Meyenburg complex clinical case presentation and differential diagnosis discussion:A case report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1520-1527页

作者： Kateryna Priadko marco Niosi Luigi Maria Vitale Chiara De Sio marco romano Ilario De Sio Department of Precision Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit University Hospital and Universitàdegli Studi della Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy Internal Medicine Unit Camilliani HospitalCasoria 80026Italy

BACKGROUND Von Meyenburg complex(VMC)(i.e.,biliary hamartoma)is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple dilated cystic bile ducts,without clear trends in sex or age *** to the low number of published cases and the lack of recognized guidelines,the management of such patients remains a clinical *** SUMMARY We present a case of symptomatic VMC that was diagnosed after imaging and histopathological *** the patient’s condition,a conservative treatment strategy was ***,laboratory,and clinical follow-up demonstrated the stable condition of the patient receiving conservative *** VMC is a potentially non-life threatening condition,but its recognition is crucial for the management of patients.

关键词： Biliary hamartoma Von Meyenburg complex Liver polycystic disease Ultrasonography imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Case report

Bone alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第15期7卷 1908-1925页

作者： Dolores Sgambato Francesca Gimigliano Cristiana De Musis Antimo Moretti Giuseppe Toro Emanuele Ferrante Agnese Miranda Domenico De Mauro Lorenzo romano Giovanni Iolascon marco romano Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" and University HospitalNaples 80131Italy Department of Physical and Mental Health University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80131Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80131Italy Surgical Digestive Endoscopy Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico Ⅱ UniversityNaples 80131Italy

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)are characterized by a multifactorial partially unknown etiology that involves genetic,immunological and environmental *** to 50%of IBD patients experience at least one extraintestinal manifestation;among them is the involvement of bone density which is referred to as metabolic bone disease(MBD),including osteopenia and *** alterations in IBDs population appear to have a multifactorial etiology:Decreased physical activity,inflammation-related bone resorption,multiple intestinal resections,dietary malabsorption of minerals and vitamin D deficiency,genetic factors,gut-bone immune signaling interaction,steroid treatment,microbiota and pathogenic micro-organisms interaction,and dietary malabsorption of minerals,that,all together or individually,may contribute to the alteration of bone mineral *** review aims to summarize the prevalence and pathophysiology of metabolic bone alterations in IBD subjects outlining the main risk factors of bone *** also want to underline the role of the screening and prophylaxis of bone alterations in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients and the importance of treating appropriately MBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Bone alterations Bone mineral density Osteoporosis Osteopenia Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease

Liver failure in an obese middle-aged woman after biliointestinal bypass

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第1期1卷 52-55页

作者： Dolores Sgambato Gaetano Cotticelli Ilario de Sio Annalisa Funaro Anna Del Prete Chiara de Sio Lorenzo romano Alessandro Federico Antonietta Gravina Agnese Miranda Carmelina Loguercio marco romano Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine "Magrassi-Lanzara" Gastroenterology Unit Second University of Naples 80131 Naples Italy

Obesity is considered an emerging epidemic that is often associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Among the therapeutic options for morbid obesity, bariatric surgery plays an important role when conventional therapies fail. The effects of bariatric surgery on liver function and morphology are controversial in the literature. Liver failure has been reported after jejunoileal bypass(JIB), biliopancreatic diversion and gastric bypass. Biliointestinal bypass(BIB) is considered an effective procedure among recently introduced bariatric surgery techniques. It is a clinically safe, purely malabsorptive operation in which the blind intestinal loop of the JIB is anastomosed to the gallbladder, allowing a portion of bile to transit into excluded intestinal tract. BIB is the only procedure, to our knowledge, to have no liver side effects reported in the literature. We report the case of a young obese woman who developed liver failure 8 mo after BIB. She had a rapid weight loss(70 kg) with a reduction in body mass index of 41% from January to September 2012. Because of a severe hepatic decompensation, she was referred to a transplantation centre. We strongly believe that the most important pathogenetic mechanism involved in the development of liver injury is the rapid weight loss that produced a signif icant fatty liver inf iltration.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Biliointestinal bypass Liver failure Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity Rapid weight loss

Asymptomatic portal vein aneurysm:Three case reports

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第4期13卷 515-521页

作者： Kateryna Priadko marco romano Luigi Maria Vitale marco Niosi Ilario De Sio Department of Precision Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit University Hospital and Universitàdegli Studi della Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy

BACKGROUND Portal vein aneurysm(PVA)is an uncommon vascular dilatation,showing no clear trend in sex or age *** to the low number of published cases and the lack of management guidelines,treatment of this condition remains a clinical *** SUMMARY We present three cases of asymptomatic PVA;the first and second involve an extrahepatic manifestation,of 48 mm and 42.3 mm diameter respectively,and the third involves an intrahepatic PVA of 27 *** were diagnosed incidentally during routine check-up,upon ultrasonography *** all patients were asymptomatic,a conservative treatment strategy was ***-up imaging demonstrated no progression in the aneurysm dimension for any *** As PVA remains asymptomatic in many cases,recognition of its imaging features is key to favourable outcomes.

关键词： Extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm Intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm Asymptomatic Ultrasonography imaging Colour Doppler Case report