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The identification of wildlife-vehicle collision hotspots: Citizen science reveals spatial and temporal patterns

Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 99-111页

作者： Francesco Valerio marco Basile Rosario Balestrieri Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and DevelopmentInstituto de Investigação e Formação AvançadaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947006-554ÉvoraPortugal. UBC-Unidade de Biologia da Conservação Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947002-554ÉvoraPortugal. Associazione per la Ricerca la Divulgazione e l’Educazione Ambientale–ARDEAVia Ventilabro80126 NapoliItaly. Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.479106 FreiburgGermany. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale 180121 NaplesItaly.

Linear infrastructures(e.g.,roads,railways,pipelines,and powerlines)pose a serious threat to wildlife,due to the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions(roadkills).The placement of mitigation measures,such as crossing structures,should consider species’life cycles and ecological *** an assessment would require data collection over large areas,which may be possible by employing citizen *** this study,we aimed to identify spatiotemporal trends of roadkill occurrence using citizen science data from one of the most urbanized and biodiversityrich regions of *** trends were analyzed using generalized additive models,while landscape patterns were assessed by identifying significant thresholds over land cover gradients,related to increases in relative roadkill abundance,by employing threshold indicator taxa *** approach recorded a total of 529 roadkills,including 33 different species,comprising 13 mammal,10 bird,6 reptile,and 2 amphibian *** analysis indicated significant temporal trends for the red fox,the European hedgehog,the stone marten and the European badger,with peaks in roadkill occurrence between the winter and spring *** roadkill abundance increased mostly in landscapes with anthropogenic land cover classes,such as complex cultivations,orchards,or urban *** results allowed us to develop a map of potential roadkill risk that could assist in planning the placement of mitigation *** science contributions from highly populated areas allowed data collection over a large area and a dense road network,and also directly led to the evaluation of management decisional options.

关键词： Roadkill Land cover Road ecology Seasonal trend Spatial prioritization Urban wildlife

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Validation of fluid-particle interaction force relationships in binary-solid suspensions

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Particuology 2015年第6期13卷 40-48页

作者： marco Rotondi Renzo Di Felice Paolo Pagliai Department of Civil Chemical and Environmental Engneering University of Genova Via Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy

In this work several relationships governing solid-fluid dynamic interaction forces were validated against experimental data for a single particle settling in a suspension of other smaller particles. It was observed that force relationships based on Lattice-Boltzmann simulations did not perform as well as other inter- action types tested. Nonetheless, it is apparent that, in the case of a suspension of different particle types, it is important that the correct choice is made as to how the contribution to the overall fluid-particle interaction force is split between buoyancy and drag. Experimental evidence clearly suggests that the ＂generalized＂ Archimedes＇ principle （where the foreign particle is considered to displace the whole suspension and not just the fluid） provides the best result.

关键词： Solid-fluid suspensionsSolid-fluid interaction forcesDrag forceBuoyancy force

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Evolutionary computing and machine learning for discovering of low-energy defect configurations

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 628-640页

作者： marco Arrigoni Georg K.H.Madsen Institute of Materials Chemistry TU WienViennaAustria

Density functional theory(DFT)has become a standard tool for the study of point defects in ***,finding the most stable defective structures remains a very challenging task as it involves the solution of a multimodal optimization problem with a high-dimensional objective ***,the approaches most commonly used to tackle this problem have been mostly empirical,heuristic,and/or based on domain *** this contribution,we describe an approach for exploring the potential energy surface(PES)based on the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy(CMA-ES)and supervised and unsupervised machine learning *** resulting algorithm depends only on a limited set of physically interpretable hyperparameters and the approach offers a systematic way for finding low-energy configurations of isolated point defects in *** demonstrate its applicability on different systems and show its ability to find known low-energy structures and discover additional ones as well.

关键词： function configuration finding

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Radiative properties of quantum emitters in boron nitride from excited state calculations and Bayesian analysis

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 760-766页

作者： Shiyuan Gao Hsiao-Yi Chen marco Bernardi Department of Applied Physics and Material Science California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Department of Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA

Point defects in hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)have attracted growing attention as bright single-photon ***,understanding of their atomic structure and radiative properties remains *** we study the excited states and radiative lifetimes of over 20 native defects and carbon or oxygen impurities in hBN using ab initio density functional theory and GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations,generating a large data set of their emission energy,polarization and *** find a wide variability across quantum emitters,with exciton energies ranging from 0.3 to 4 eV and radiative lifetimes from ns to ms for different defect *** a Bayesian statistical analysis,we identify various high-likelihood charge-neutral defect emitters,among which the native VNNB defect is predicted to possess emission energy and radiative lifetime in agreement with *** work advances the microscopic understanding of hBN single-photon emitters and introduces a computational framework to characterize and identify quantum emitters in 2D materials.

关键词： quantum excited boron

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Current status of magnetic resonance imaging radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma:A quantitative review with Radiomics Quality Score

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 381-417页

作者： Valentina Brancato marco Cerrone Nunzia Garbino marco Salvatore Carlo Cavaliere Department of Information Technology IRCCS SYNLAB SDNNaples 80143Italy Department of Radiology IRCCS SYNLAB SDNNaples 80143Italy

BACKGROUND Radiomics is a promising tool that may increase the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for different tasks related to the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,its implementation in clinical practice is still far,with many issues related to the methodological quality of radiomic *** To systematically review the current status of MRI radiomic studies concerning HCC using the Radiomics Quality Score(RQS).METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science databases was performed to identify original articles focusing on the use of MRI radiomics for HCC management published between 2017 and *** methodological quality of radiomic studies was assessed using the RQS ***’s correlation(ρ)analysis was performed to explore if RQS was correlated with journal metrics and characteristics of the *** level of statistical significance was set at P<*** One hundred and twenty-seven articles were included,of which 43 focused on HCC prognosis,39 on prediction of pathological findings,16 on prediction of the expression of molecular markers outcomes,18 had a diagnostic purpose,and 11 had multiple *** mean RQS was 8±6.22,and the corresponding percentage was 24.15%±15.25%(ranging from 0.0% to 58.33%).RQS was positively correlated with journal impact factor(IF;ρ=0.36,P=2.98×10^(-5)),5-years IF(ρ=0.33,P=1.56×10^(-4)),number of patients included in the study(ρ=0.51,P<9.37×10^(-10))and number of radiomics features extracted in the study(ρ=0.59,P<4.59×10^(-13)),and time of publication(ρ=-0.23,P<0.0072).CONCLUSION Although MRI radiomics in HCC represents a promising tool to develop adequate personalized treatment as a noninvasive approach in HCC patients,our study revealed that studies in this field still lack the quality required to allow its introduction into clinical practice.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Systematic review Magnetic resonance imaging Radiomics Radiomics quality score

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Crohn's disease and growth deficiency in children and adolescents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13219-13233页

作者： marco Gasparetto Graziella Guariso Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Unit for Pediatric GastroenterologyDigestive EndoscopyHepatology and Care of Children with Liver Trans-plantsPadova University Hospital

Nutritional concerns, linear growth deficiency, and delayed puberty are currently detected in up to 85% of patients with Crohn's disease(CD) diagnosed at childhood. To provide advice on how to assess and manage nutritional concerns in these patients, a Medline search was conducted using "pediatric inflammatory bowel disease", "pediatric Crohn's disease", "linear growth","pubertal growth", "bone health", and "vitamin D" as key words. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses published between 2008 and 2013 were selected to produce this narrative review. Studies referring to earlier periods were also considered if the data was relevant to our review. Although current treatment strategies for CD that include anti-tumor necrosis factor-αtherapy have been shown to improve patients' growth rate, linear growth deficiencies are still common. In pediatric CD patients, prolonged diagnostic delay, high initial activity index, and stricturing/penetrating typeof behavior may cause growth deficiencies(in weight and height) and delayed puberty, with several studies reporting that these patients may not reach an optimal bone mass. Glucocorticoids and inflammation inhibit bone formation, though their impact on skeletal modeling remains unclear. Long-term control of active inflammation and an adequate intake of nutrients are both fundamental in promoting normal puberty. Recent evidence suggests that recombinant growth factor therapy is effective in improving short-term linear growth in selected patients, but is of limited benefit for ameliorating mucosal disease and reducing clinical disease activity. The authors conclude that an intense initial treatment(taking a "top-down" approach, with the early introduction of immunomodulatory treatment) may be justified to induce and maintain remission so that the growth of children with CD can catch up, ideally before puberty. Exclusive enteral nutrition has a key role in inducing remission and improving patients' nutritional statu

关键词： Bone health Enteral nutrition Growth Height Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease Pediatric Crohn's disease Linear growth Pubertal growth Vitamin D Weight loss

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Emerging role of the KRAS-PDK1 axis in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10752-10757页

作者： Riccardo Ferro marco Falasca Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Blizard Institute Inositide Signalling GroupUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive tumour that is very resistant to treatments and it is rarely diagnosed early because of absence of specific symptoms. Therefore, the prognosis for this disease is very poor and it has the grim supremacy in terms of unfavourable survival rates. There have been great advances in survival rates for many types of cancers over the past few decades but hardly any change for pancreatic cancer. Mutations of the Ras oncogene are the most frequent oncogenic alterations in human cancers. The frequency of KRAS mutations in pancreatic cancer is around 90%. Given the well-established role of KRAS in cancer it is not surprising that it is one of the most attractive targets for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, during the last thirty years all attempts to target directly KRAS protein have failed. Therefore, it is crucial to identify downstream KRAS effectors in order to develop specific drugs able to counteract activation of this pathway. Among the different signalling pathways activated by oncogenic KRAS, the phosphoinositide 3-Kinase(PI3K) pathway is emerging as one of the most critical KRAS effector. In turn, PI3 K activates several parallel pathways making the identification of the precise effectors activated by KRAS/PI3 K more difficult. Recent data identify 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 as a key tumour-initiating event downstream KRAS interaction with PI3 K in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Signal transduction KRAS Phosphoinositide 3-kinase 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1

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How to avoid overtreatment of benign colorectal lesions:Rationale for an evidence-based management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第47期28卷 6619-6631页

作者： marco Bustamante-Balén Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research GroupHospital Universitari Ⅰ Politècnic La FeHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe(ⅡSLaFe)Valencia 46026Spain

Implementing population-based screening programs for colorectal cancer has led to an increase in the detection of large but benign histological ***,endoscopic mucosal resection can be considered the standard technique for the removal of benign lesions of the colon due to its excellent safety profile and good clinical ***,several studies from different geographic areas agree that many benign colon lesions are still referred for ***,the referral rate to surgery is not decreasing over the years,despite the theoretical improvement of endoscopic resection *** article will review the leading causes for benign colorectal lesions to be referred for surgery and the influence of the endoscopist experience on the referral *** will also describe how to categorize a polyp as complex for resection and consider an endoscopist as an expert in endoscopic *** finally,we will propose a framework for the accurate and evidence-based treatment of complex benign colorectal lesions.

关键词： Colorectal polyps Endoscopic mucosal resection Colorectal surgery

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A Parallel Second Order Cartesian Method for Elliptic Interface Problems

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第10期12卷 1562-1587页

作者： marco Cisternino Lisl Weynans Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aeronautica e Spaziale Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TorinoItaly Univ.Bordeaux IMBUMR 5251F-33400 TalenceFrance.CNRSIMBUMR 5251F-33400 TalenceFrance.INRIAF-33400 TalenceFrance

We present a parallel Cartesianmethod to solve elliptic problems with complex immersed *** method is based on a finite-difference scheme and is second-order accurate in the whole *** originality of the method lies in the use of additional unknowns located on the interface,allowing to express straightforwardly the interface transmission *** describe the method and the details of its parallelization performed with the PETSc *** we present numerical validations in two dimensions,assorted with comparisons to other related methods,and a numerical study of the parallelized method.

关键词： Elliptic interface problem Cartesian method second-order scheme interface unknowns

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Topological optimization of ballistic protective structures through genetic algorithms in a vulnerability-driven environment

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 125-137页

作者： Salvatore Annunziata Luca Lomazzi marco Giglio Andrea Manes Politecnico di Milano Department of Mechanical EngineeringVia Giuseppe La Masa120156Italy

Reducing the vulnerability of a platform,i.e.,the risk of being affected by hostile objects,is of paramount importance in the design process of vehicles,especially aircraft.A simple and effective way to decrease vulnerability is to introduce protective structures to intercept and possibly stop ***,this type of solution can lead to a significant increase in weight,affecting the performance of the *** this reason,it is crucial to study possible solutions that allow reducing the vulnerability of the aircraft while containing the increase in structural *** possible strategy is to optimize the topology of protective solutions to find the optimal balance between vulnerability and the weight of the added *** the many optimization techniques available in the literature for this purpose,multiobjective genetic algorithms stand out as promising *** this context,this work proposes the use of a in-house software for vulnerability calculation to guide the process of topology optimization through multi-objective genetic algorithms,aiming to simultaneously minimize the weight of protective structures and *** addition to the use of the in-house software,which itself represents a novelty in the field of topology optimization of structures,the method incorporates a custom mutation function within the genetic algorithm,specifically developed using a graph-based approach to ensure the continuity of the generated *** tool developed for this work is capable of generating protections with optimized layouts considering two different types of impacting objects,namely bullets and fragments from detonating *** software outputs a set of non-dominated solutions describing different topologies that the user can choose from.

关键词： Topological optimization Protective structure Genetic algorithm Survivability Vulnerability

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