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Sources of nitrous and nitric oxides in paddy soils: Nitrification and denitrification

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 581-592页

作者： Ting Lan Yong Han marco roelcke Rolf Nieder Zucong Cai State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geoecology Technische Universitt Braunschweig School of Geography Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Rice-paddies are regarded as one of the main agricultural sources of N 2O and NO emissions. To date, however, specific N2O and NO production pathways are poorly understood in paddy soils. ^15N-tracing experiments were carded out to investigate the processes responsible for N2O and NO production in two paddy soils with substantially different soil properties. Laboratory incubation experiments were carried out under aerobic conditions at moisture contents corresponding to 60% of water holding capacity. The relative importance of nitrification and denitrification to the flux of NaO was quantified by periodically measuring and comparing the enrichments of the N2O, NH^-N and NO3-N pools. The results showed that both N2O and NO emission rates in an alkaline paddy soil with clayey texture were substantially higher than those in a neutral paddy soil with silty loamy texture. In accordance with most published results, the ammonium N pool was the main source of N2O emission across the soil profiles of the two paddy soils, being responsible for 59.7% to 97.7% of total N2O emissions. The NO3-N pool of N2O emission was relatively less important under the given aerobic conditions. The rates of N2O emission from nitrification （N2On） among different soil layers were significantly different, which could be attributed to both the differences in gross N nitrification rates and to the ratios of nitrified N emitted as NzO among soil layers. Furthermore, NO fluxes were positively correlated with the changes in gross nitrification rates and the ratios of NO/N2O in the two paddy soils were always greater than one （from 1.26 to 6.47）. We therefore deduce that, similar to N2O, nitrification was also the dominant source of NO in the tested paddy soils at water contents below 60% water holding capacity.

关键词： ^15N tracing model N2O NO NO/N2O nitrification denitrification

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京郊典型集约化“农田-畜牧”生产系统氮素流动特征

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生态学报 2012年第4期32卷 1028-1036页

作者：侯勇高志岭马文奇 Lisa Heimann marco roelcke Rolf Nieder 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院保定071001 德国不伦瑞克工业大学地理生态研究所德国不伦瑞克38106

城郊畜牧业的集约化发展在满足人们日益增长的肉蛋奶等动物性产品需求的同时,也带来了巨大的环境压力。本文利用养分流动和模型分析的方法,分析北京市郊区某村三种不同类型"农田-畜牧"生产系统(大型集约化种猪场、种养结合小规模生态养... 详细信息

城郊畜牧业的集约化发展在满足人们日益增长的肉蛋奶等动物性产品需求的同时,也带来了巨大的环境压力。本文利用养分流动和模型分析的方法,分析北京市郊区某村三种不同类型"农田-畜牧"生产系统(大型集约化种猪场、种养结合小规模生态养殖园和集约化单一种植区)的氮素流动特征。结果表明:饲料是集约化种猪场和生态养殖园氮素输入的主要来源,饲料投入氮量分别为12469.0和9268.5 ***-.2a-1);集约化种猪场农牧体系间生产脱节,致使农田氮素输入主要依赖于化肥投入,化肥氮输入量(435.0 ***-.2a-1)占农田氮素输入量的82.7%。相反,生态养殖园农牧体系结合紧密,猪粪尿氮还田比例达28.6%,这使得园区化肥氮输入量仅为135.0 ***-.2a-1,因此畜禽粪尿的合理循环利用可作为减少化肥投入的有效途径;集约化种猪场、生态养殖园和单一种植区农牧生产系统氮素利用效率分别为18.8%、20.6%和17.3%,均处于较低水平;集约化种猪场猪粪尿在猪舍和储藏处理过程的氮素损失率为15.8%和25.4%,分别低于小规模生态养殖园相应损失率约8.7和4.8个百分点;生态养殖园粪肥氮还田量高,导致农田氮素盈余量高达1962.8 ***-.2a-1,未能实现生态型养殖的理想效果,优化氮素管理、确定合理的消纳畜禽粪尿的农田面积和调整畜禽养殖密度是解决该问题的关键。

关键词：城郊区域集约化农业 “农田-畜牧”生产系统氮素流动特征

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Phosphorus status, use and recycling in a Chinese peri-urban region with intensive animal husbandry and cropping systems Results from case study in a Sino-German applied research collaboration project

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第4期6卷 388-402页

作者： marco roelcke Lisa HEIMANN Yong HOU Jianbin GUO Qiaoyun XUE Wei JIA Anne OSTERMANN Roxana Mendoza HUAITALLA Moritz ENGBERS Clemens OLBRICH Roland W.SCHOLZ Joachim CLEMENS Frank SCHUCHARDT Rolf NIEDER Xuejun LIU Fusuo ZHANG Institute of Geoecology Technische Universitat Braunschweig38106 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Editorial Committee&Editorial Office of PEDOSPHERE Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China China Agricultural Science and Technology Press Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute for Crop and Soil Science Julius Kuhn Institute(JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants38116 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Agricultural Engineering University of Hohenheim70599 Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research Leuphana University of Ltineburg21335 LiineburgGermany Department of Business Administration Economics and LawCarl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg26129 OldenburgGermany Department for Knowledge and Communication Management Danube University Krems3500 KremsAustria SF-Soepenberg GmbH 46569 HiinxeGermany Institute of Agricultural Technology Johann Heinrich von Thiinen Institute(TI)-Federal Research Institute for Rural AreasForestry and Fisheries38116 BraunschweigGermany

The Sino-German research collaboration project,"Recycling of organic residues from agricultural and municipal origin in China"(2008–2012),comprising different interdisciplinary research groups,and also German small and medium-sized enterprises,aimed at developing integrated strategies and solutions for the recycling of organic residues in *** an intensive crop-livestock agricultural region in the Shunyi District of Beijing,five typical cropping systems were *** research was conducted in the form of analyses of phosphorus(P)in soil,plants,animal feed,animal products,manures,mineral and organic fertilizers and the derivation of the corresponding nutrient balances and P *** mean annual P balance surplus was492 kg·ha–1·yr–1 P for the vegetable production system,significantly higher(P30 mg·kg–1)that can lead to increased risk of P loss was exceeded in all five cropping *** feed additives,the"natural background value"(Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils)of copper and zinc in topsoils was exceeded at several *** for several substances in the veterinary antibiotic classes of sulfonamides,tetracyclines,and fluoroquinolones revealed widespread topsoil *** livestock densities were 10.6 livestock units per ha arable land in *** husbandry is increasingly conducted in large operations,making traditional ways of reuse difficult to *** three management systems for treatment of organic

关键词： cropping systems life cycle assessment North China Plain balances and nutrient flows transdisciplinary approach

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中国几个农业区的氮肥、土壤氮积累以及政策推荐

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2004年第6期33卷 278-283页

作者：巨晓棠刘学军张福锁 marco roelcke 杨晓娟中国农业大学资源环境学院德国土壤学会(DBG)

在中国,氮肥的过量施用和作物对氮素回收率的降低造成了农业非点源污染的加重。不同的区域和农作物中氮肥的施用量变化很大,这取决于经济发展程度。比如,在东部地区和对经济作物的氮肥使用量要高于西部地区和谷类作物。甚至,在富裕地区... 详细信息

在中国,氮肥的过量施用和作物对氮素回收率的降低造成了农业非点源污染的加重。不同的区域和农作物中氮肥的施用量变化很大,这取决于经济发展程度。比如,在东部地区和对经济作物的氮肥使用量要高于西部地区和谷类作物。甚至,在富裕地区,氮肥的施用量要远远高于中国科学院推荐的施肥量。要成功解决环境保护和作物高产,中国必须形成相应的农业政策鼓励经济发达地区的农民减少氮肥施用量,并且对于小尺度的农田系统和正在扩大的经济作物种植给出常规施肥建议。

关键词：氮肥施用量土壤氮氮积累施用量经济作物施肥建议施肥量中国农业区政策

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