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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 371-380页

作者： Rudy Brogi Enrico Merli Stefano Grignolio Roberta Chirichella Elisa Bottero marco Apollonio Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2Sassari I-07100Italy

On a population level,individual plasticity in reproductive phenology can provoke either anticipations or delays in the average reproductive timing in response to environmental ***,a rigid reliance on photoperiodism can constraint such plastic responses in populations inhabiting temperate *** regulation of breeding season length may represent a further tool for populations facing changing ***,this skill was reported only for equatorial,nonphotoperiodic *** goal was to evaluate whether species living in temperate regions and relying on photoperiodism to trigger their reproduction may also be able to regulate breeding season *** 10 years,we collected 2,500 female reproductive traits of a mammal model species(wild boar Sus scrofa)and applied a novel analytical approach to reproductive patterns in order to observe population-level variations of reproductive timing and synchrony under different weather and resources availability *** favorable conditions,breeding seasons were anticipated and population synchrony increased(i.e.,shorter breeding seasons).Conversely,poor conditions induced delayed and less synchronous(i.e.,longer)breeding *** potential to regulate breeding season length depending on environmental conditions may entail a high resilience of the population reproductive patterns against environmental changes,as highlighted by the fact that almost all mature females were reproductive every year.

关键词： breeding season length phenology photoperiodism population ecology reproduction wild boar

Novel fibrin-fibronectin matrix accelerates mice skin wound healing

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Bioactive Materials 2020年第4期5卷 949-962页

作者： Carlos Poblete Jara Ou Wang Thais Paulino do Prado Ayman ismail Frank marco Fabian Han Li Licio A.Velloso Mark A.Carlson William Burgess Yuguo lei William H.Velander Eliana P.Araújo Nursing School University of CampinasCampinasSPBrazil Laboratory of Cell Signaling University of CampinasCampinasSPBrazil Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA Biomedical Engineering Program University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA School of Biological Science University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center and the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemUSA Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Fred&Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA

Plasma fibrinogen(F1)and fibronectin(pFN)polymerize to form a fibrin clot that is both a hemostatic and provisional matrix for wound *** 90%of plasma F1 has a homodimeric pair ofγchains(γγF1),and 10%has a heterodimeric pair ofγand more acidicγ′chains(γγ′F1).We have synthesized a novel fibrin matrix exclusively from a 1:1(molar ratio)complex ofγγ′F1 and pFN in the presence of highly active thrombin and recombinant Factor Xiii(rFXiiia).in this matrix,the fibrin nanofibers were decorated with pFN nanoclusters(termedγγ′F1:pFN fibrin).in contrast,fibrin made from 1:1 mixture ofγγF1 and pFN formed a sporadic distribution of“pFN droplets”(termedγγF1+pFN fibrin).Theγγ′F1:pFN fibrin enhanced the adhesion of primary human umbilical vein endothelium cells(HUVECs)relative to theγγF1+FN *** dimensional(3D)culturing showed that theγγ′F1:pFN complex fibrin matrix enhanced the proliferation of both HUVECs and primary human *** in the 3Dγγ′F1:pFN fibrin exhibited a starkly enhanced vascular morphogenesis while an apoptotic growth profile was observed in theγγF1+pFN *** toγγF1+pFN fibrin,mouse dermal wounds that were sealed byγγ′F1:pFN fibrin exhibited accelerated and enhanced *** study suggests that a 3D pFN presentation on a fibrin matrix promotes wound healing.

关键词： Fibrin Fibronectin Nanoclusters Wound healing

Aortic stenosis： insights on pathogenesis and clinical implications

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Journal of geriatric Cardiology 2016年第6期13卷 489-498页

作者： Patrizia Carita Giuseppe Coppola Giuseppina Novo Giuseppa Caccamo marco Guglielmo FabioBalasus Salvatore Novo Sebastiano Castrovinci marco Moscarelli Khalil Fattouch Egle Corrado University Hospital Paolo Giaccone Palermo Italy Cardiac Unit Buccheri La Ferla Hospital Fatebenefratelli Palermo Italy Centro Cardiologico Monzino Milan Italy Cardiac Unit Sant'Elia Hospital Caltanissetta Italy Department of Cardiovascular Surgery GVM Care and Research Maria Eleonora Hospital Palermo Italy Department of Cardiovascular Surgery GVM Care and Research Anthea Hospital Bari Italy

Aortic stenosis （AS） is a common valvular heart disease in the Western populations, with an estimated overall prevalence of 3% in adults over 75 years. To understand its patho-biological processes represents a priority. in elderly patients, AS usually involves trileaflet valves and is referred to as degenerative calcific processes. Scientific evidence suggests the involvement of an active ＂atherosclerosis-like＂ pathogenesis in the initiation phase of degenerative AS. To the contrary, the progression could be driven by different forces （such as mechanical stress, genetic factors and interaction between inflammation and calcification）. The improved understanding presents potentially new therapeutic targets for preventing and inhibiting the development and progression of the disease. Furthermore, in clinical practice the management of AS patients implies the evaluation of generalized atherosclerotic manifestations （i.e., in the coronary and carotid arteries） even for prognostic reasons. in counselling elderly patients, the risk stratification should address individual frailty beyond the generic risk scores. in these regard, the co-morbidities, and in particular those linked to the global atherosclerotic burden, should be carefully investigated in order to define the risk/benefit ratio for invasive treatment strategies. We present a detailed overview of insights in pathogenesis of AS with possible practical implications.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Clinical implications Degenerative aortic stenosis Pathogenesis The elderly

Assessment of aerobic biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes in contaminated groundwater using field-derived microcosms and compound-specific carbon isotope fractionation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 204-213页

作者： Alba Trueba-Santiso Jordi Palau Jesica M.Soder-Walz Teresa Vicent Ernest marco-Urrea Department of Chemical Biological and Environmental EngineeringUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)08193 BellaterraSpain MAiMA group SGR Applied MineralogyGeochemistry and GeomicrobiologyDepartment of MineralogyPetrology and Applied GeologyFaculty of Earth SciencesUniversitat de Barcelona(UB)MartiFranques s/n08028 BarcelonaSpain

Biodegradation of lower chlorinated benzenes(tri-, di-and monochlorobenzene) was assessed at a coastal aquifer contaminated with multiple chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Field-derived microcosms, established with groundwater from the source zone and amended with a mixture of lower chlorinated benzenes, evidenced biodegradation of monochlorobenzene(MCB) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene(1,4-DCB) in aerobic microcosms,whereas the addition of lactate in anaerobic microcosms did not enhance anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Aerobic microcosms established with groundwater from the plume consumed several doses of MCB and concomitantly degraded the three isomers of dichlorobenzene with no observable inhibitory effect. in the light of these results, we assessed the applicability of compound stable isotope analysis to monitor a potential aerobic remediation treatment of MCB and 1,4-DCB in this site. The carbon isotopic fractionation factors(ε) obtained from field-derived microcosms were-0.7‰ ± 0.1 ‰ and-1.0‰ ± 0.2 ‰ for MCB and1,4-DCB, respectively. For 1,4-DCB, the carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation was reported for the first time. The weak carbon isotope fractionation values for the aerobic pathway would only allow tracing of in situ degradation in aquifer parts with high extent of biodegradation. However, based on the carbon isotope effects measured in this and previous studies, relatively high carbon isotope shifts(i.e., Δδ13C > 4.0 ‰) of MCB or 1,4-DCB in contaminated groundwater would suggest that their biodegradation is controlled by anaerobic reductive dechlorination.

关键词： Groundwater isotope fractionation Chlorobenzenes Aerobic biodegradation Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation Natural attenuation

Combined Experimental and Numerical investigations on the Roughness Effects on the Aerodynamic Performances of LPT Blades

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第1期25卷 32-42页

作者： marco Berrino Fabio Bigoni Daniele Simoni Matteo Giovannini Michele marconcini Roberto Pacciani Francesco Bertini DiME-Universita di Genova Via Montallegro116145GenovaItaly DiEF-Universita di Firenze Via Santa Marta350139FirenzeItaly GE Avio R&D Via I Maggio9910140Rivalta(TO)Italy

The aerodynamic performance of a high-load low-pressure turbine blade cascade has been analyzed for three different distributed surface roughness levels(Ra) for steady and unsteady inflows. Results from CFD simulations and experiments are presented for two different Reynolds numbers(300000 and 70000 representative of take-off and cruise conditions, respectively) in order to evaluate the roughness effects for two typical operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics has been used to support and interpret experimental results, analyzing in detail the flow field on the blade surface and evaluating the non-dimensional local roughness parameters, further contributing to understand how and where roughness have some influence on the aerodynamic performance of the blade. The total pressure distributions in the wake region have been measured by means of a five-hole miniaturized pressure probe for the different flow conditions, allowing the evaluation of profile losses and of their dependence on the surface finish, as well as a direct comparison with the simulations. Results reported in the paper clearly highlight that only at the highest Reynolds number tested(Re=300000) surface roughness have some influence on the blade performance, both for steady and unsteady incoming flows. in this flow condition profile losses grow as the surface roughness increases, while no appreciable variations have been found at the lowest Reynolds number. The boundary layer evolution and the wake structure have shown that this trend is due to a thickening of the suction side boundary layer associated to an anticipation of transition process. On the other side, no effects have been observed on the pressure side boundary layer.

关键词： low-pressure turbine high-load profile roughness unsteady inflow CFD

A new methodology for computing birds＇ 3D home ranges

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 168-173页

作者： Alessandro Ferrarini Giuseppe Giglio Stefania Caterina Pellegrino Anna Grazia Frassanito marco Gustin Conservation Department LIPU - BirdLife (Lega Italiana Protezione Uccelli) Via Udine 3/a 43122 Parma Italy Alta Murgia National Park Via Firenze 10 70024 Gravina in Puglia Bari Italy.

Background： So far, studies of avian space use are mostly realized in 2D, with the vertical dimension ignored. We propose here a new, relatively simple and computationally reasonable method for the estimation of volumetric （i.e. 3D） avian home ***： Through accurate GPS data-loggers, we collected 25,405 GPS points on Lesser Kestrels＇（Fdlco noumonni） space use during the nestling period in one main colony in *** applied our 3D home range estimator to the whole GPS dataset, and also separately to diurnal and nocturnal GPS ***： The 3D colony home range resulted equal to 28.12 km3. By considering daytime and night-time separately, the volumetric home ranges resulted considerably ***： Our 3D home range estimator, because of its intuitive and straightforward properties, can easily capi-talize on the datasets offered by modern biotelemetry （data-loggers, light detection and LiDAR sensors） and enhance conservation strategies for mitigating anthropogenic impacts on bird species. its applications embrace, but are not limited to, more accurate estimates of collision risk with power lines, aircrafts and wind farms, and increased knowledge of birds＇space requirements in order to persist in their distribution areas.

关键词： Avian space use Biotelemetry GPS data-loggers Vertical dimension Volumetric home range

Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 957-969页

作者： M. Renna A. Schiavone F. Gai S. Dabbou C. Lussiana V. Malfatto M. Prearo M. T. Capucchio i. Biasato E. Biasibetti M. De marco A. Brugiapaglia i. Zoccarato L. Gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences University of TorinoLargo P. Braccini 2 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Torino Largo P. Braccini 2 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy institute of Science of Food Production National Research Council Largo P.Braccini 2 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy Veterinary Medical Research institute for Piedmont Liguria and Aosta Valley Via Bologna 148 10154 Torino Italy

Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(Hi) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. in the first trial, 360 trout(178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups(4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). The fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of Hi, on as fed basis: 0%(Hi0, control diet), 25%(Hi25) and 50%(Hi50) of fish meal substitution, corresponding to dietary inclusion levels of 0, 20% and 40%. in the second trial, 36 trout(4 tanks/treatment, 3 fish/tank) were used to evaluate the in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of the same diets used in the first ***: Survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, and dorsal fillet physical quality parameters were not affected by diet. The highest dietary inclusion of Hi larvae meal increased dry matter and ether extract contents of trout dorsal fillet. The use of Hi larvae meal induced a decrease of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) even if differences were only reported at the highest level of Hi inclusion. The insect meal worsened the lipids health indexes of the same muscle. Dietary inclusion of insect meal did not alter the villus height of the fish. No differences were found among treatments in relation to ADC of ether extract and gross energy, while ADC of dry matter and crude protein were higher in Hi25 if compared to ***: The obtained results showed that a partially defatted Hi larvae meal can be used as feed ingredient in trout diets up to 40% of inclusion level without impacting survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, dorsal fillet physical quality parameters, and intestinal morphology of the fish. However, further investigations on specific feeding strategies and diet formulations are needed to limit the observe

关键词： Animal performance Apparent digestibility coefficient Carnivorous fish Fatty acids Fishmeal substitution insect meal

Diversity patterns, environmental drivers and changes in vegetation composition in dry inter-Andean valleys

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 461-475页

作者： Catalina Quintana marco Girardello Anders S.Barfod Henrik Balslev Department of Bioscience Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity GroupAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorAv.12 de Octubre 1076Apartado postal 17012184QuitoEcuador

Aims We studied diversity,patterns of endemism and turnover of veg-etation composition in dry inter-Andean valleys(DiAVs)where lit-tle is known about the influence of the abiotic drivers controlling plant species composition and occurrences,and the life forms that contribute most toα-andβ-diversity,*** study was focused on DiAVs located in the highlands(800-2800 m)around the Equator(1°N-5°S).The following questions were addressed:(i)what differences exist between endemic and non-endemic species in terms of species number,frequency and abundance?(ii)are pat-terns ofα-andβ-diversity correlated with latitude?(iii)what are the major environmental drivers controlling spatial patterns in species composition and occurrence?Methods We established 63 transects of 5×100 m in areas with DiAV vegetation,impacted as little as possible by human *** each transect,all mature trees and shrubs were identified and counted to determine their *** coverage of terrestrial herbs was *** additive models were used to quantify the relationship betweenα-andβ-diversity with *** recordα-diversity,we used the exponential Shannon *** Sørensen index was used to measureβ-diversity or species *** used canonical correspondence analysis to deter-mine species composition and generalized linear mixed models to quantify simultaneously the determinants of species occur-rence across species and *** models were evaluated using the Akaike information *** analyses were run separately for trees,herbs and *** Findings Overall,we found that shrubs was the most diverse life form,constituting 43%(12%endemic)of the 313 species,followed by herbs(36%;11.5%endemic)and trees(20%;5%endemic).Trees comprise mostly species with low abundance(e.g.individuals ha^(−1)),which was also true for herbs,whereas shrubs showed a larger number of abundant species(>30 individuals ha^(−1)),includ-ing four endemic *** of the e

关键词： endemics α-diversity β-diversity life forms Ecuador

Aligned Graphene Nanoribbons and Crossbars from Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2010年第6期3卷 387-394页

作者： Liying Jiao Li Zhang lei Ding Jie Liu Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27708USA

Aligned graphene nanoribbon (GNR) arrays have been made by unzipping of aligned single-walled and few-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Nanotube unzipping was achieved by a polymer-protected Ar plasma etching method, and the resulting nanoribbon array can be transferred onto any chosen substrate. Atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging and Raman mapping on the same CNTs before and after unzipping confirmed that ~80% of CNTs were opened up to form single layer sub-10 nm GNRs. Electrical devices made from the GNRs (after annealing in H2 at high temperature) showed on/off current (ion/ioff) ratios up to 103 at room temperature, suggesting the semiconducting nature of the narrow GNRs. Novel GNR-GNR and GNR-CNT crossbars were fabricated by transferring GNR arrays across GNR and CNT arrays, respectively. The production of such ordered graphene nanoribbon architectures may allow for large scale integration of GNRs into nanoelectronics or optoelectronics.

关键词： Graphene nanoribbon single-walled carbon nanotubes aligned unzipping plasma etching

Forest management for optimizing soil protection:a landscape-level approach

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 672-684页

作者： Ana Raquel Rodrigues Susete Marques Brigite Botequim marco Marto Jose G.Borges Forest Research Centre and Laboratory TERRA School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349-017 LisbonPortugal

Background:Soil erosion is still identified as the main cause of land degradation worldwide,threatening soil functions and driving several research and policy efforts to reverse *** are commonly associated to some of the most successful land-use systems to achieve soil protection goals,but the extent to which forest ecosystems reduce erosion risks can largely depend on management decisions and associated silvicultural *** tools can assist foresters in solving the complex planning problem they face,concerning the demand for different,and often conflicting,ecosystem services.A resource capability model(RCM),based on a linear programming approach,was built and solved for a forest landscape management problem in Northwest Portugal,over a 90-years planning horizon,divided in 10-years ***:Timber provision and soil erosion were found to be in *** management alternatives included in the model were proven to be sufficiently flexible to obtain the desired level of timber yield,both in volume and even distribution along the planning horizon,while ensuring lower levels of soil loss estimates(below 35 Mg·ha^(−1)·year^(−1)).However,under climate change conditions,compatible with an increasing greenhouse gases emission scenario,potential landscape soil erosion may be enhanced up to 46 Mg·ha^(−1)·year^(−1) in critical ***:Soil conservation concerns in landscape-level forest management planning can be addressed by LPbased optimization *** providing an optimal management solution at landscape level,this approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the RCM,possible trade-offs and potential changes towards uncertainties.

关键词： Ecosystem services Erosion Optimization Silvicultural practices