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Diversity of beetle species and functional traits along gradients of deadwood suggests weak environmental filtering

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 56-63页

作者： marco basile Francesco Parisi Roberto Tognetti Saverio Francini Fabio Lombardi marco Marchetti Davide Travaglini Elena De Santis Gherardo Chirici Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland Swiss Ornithological Institute Seerose 16204SempachSwitzerland GeoLAB-Laboratory of Forest Geomatics Department of AgricultureFoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversita degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e AlimentiUniversita degli Studi del MoliseVia De Sanctis86100CampobassoItaly Fondazione per il Futuro delle Citta FirenzeItaly Dipartimento di Agraria Universita Mediterranea di Reggio CalabriaLocalita di Feo di VitoReggio Calabria89122Italy Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio Universita degli Studi del MoliseContrada Fonte Lappone86090PescheItaly

Background: Gradients in local environmental characteristics may favour the abundance of species with particular traits, while other species decline, or favour species with different traits at the same time, without an increase in average species abundances. Therefore, we asked: do variations in species and traits differ along gradients of deadwood variables? Do species abundance and trait occurrence change with species richness within or between functional groups? Thus, we analysed the beetle assemblages of five forest sites located in Italy, along the Apennines mountains.Methods: From 2012 to 2018 we sampled beetles and five deadwood types in 193 plots to characterise the deadwood gradient: standing dead trees, snags, dead downed trees, coarse woody debris, and stumps. We modelled beetle species relative abundances and trophic traits occurrences against the deadwood variables using joint species distribution models.Results: Out of 462 species, only 77 showed significant responses to at least one deadwood type, with a weak mean response across species. Trophic groups showed mostly negative responses to deadwood variables. Species abundance increased with species richness among sites only for phytophagous and saproxylophagous. Trait occurrence did not increase with species richness among sites, except for phytophagous and saproxylophagous.However, trait occurrence changed significantly with species richness of several trophic groups within some sites.We found that increases in species richness do not result in decreases in species abundance of a given trophic group, but rather null or positive relationships were found suggesting low interspecific competition.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in Mediterranean mountain forests there is still room for increasing the level of naturalness, at least for what concerns deadwood management. On one side, our findings suggest that competition for deadwood substrates is still low, on the other side they indicate that increasing deadwood volume and types to improve overa

关键词： Abundance Forest Italy Joint species distribution model Saproxylic Trophic group

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The identification of wildlife-vehicle collision hotspots: Citizen science reveals spatial and temporal patterns

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 99-111页

作者： Francesco Valerio marco basile Rosario Balestrieri Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and DevelopmentInstituto de Investigação e Formação AvançadaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947006-554ÉvoraPortugal. UBC-Unidade de Biologia da Conservação Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947002-554ÉvoraPortugal. Associazione per la Ricerca la Divulgazione e l’Educazione Ambientale–ARDEAVia Ventilabro80126 NapoliItaly. Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.479106 FreiburgGermany. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale 180121 NaplesItaly.

Linear infrastructures(e.g.,roads,railways,pipelines,and powerlines)pose a serious threat to wildlife,due to the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions(roadkills).The placement of mitigation measures,such as crossing structures,should consider species’life cycles and ecological requirements.Such an assessment would require data collection over large areas,which may be possible by employing citizen science.In this study,we aimed to identify spatiotemporal trends of roadkill occurrence using citizen science data from one of the most urbanized and biodiversityrich regions of Italy.Temporal trends were analyzed using generalized additive models,while landscape patterns were assessed by identifying significant thresholds over land cover gradients,related to increases in relative roadkill abundance,by employing threshold indicator taxa analysis.Our approach recorded a total of 529 roadkills,including 33 different species,comprising 13 mammal,10 bird,6 reptile,and 2 amphibian species.Statistical analysis indicated significant temporal trends for the red fox,the European hedgehog,the stone marten and the European badger,with peaks in roadkill occurrence between the winter and spring months.Relative roadkill abundance increased mostly in landscapes with anthropogenic land cover classes,such as complex cultivations,orchards,or urban surfaces.Our results allowed us to develop a map of potential roadkill risk that could assist in planning the placement of mitigation measures.Citizen science contributions from highly populated areas allowed data collection over a large area and a dense road network,and also directly led to the evaluation of management decisional options.

关键词： Roadkill Land cover Road ecology Seasonal trend Spatial prioritization Urban wildlife

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Familial adenomatous polyposis and changes in the gut microbiota: New insights into colorectal cancer carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 495-508页

作者： Antonio Biondi Francesco basile marco Vacante Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Multidisciplinary Research Center for Rare Diseases University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP),an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome,have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly 100%.Recent studies have pointed out that the gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the development of colorectal adenomas and the consequent progression to colorectal cancer.Some gut bacteria,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum,Escherichia coli,Clostridium difficile,Peptostreptococcus,and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,could be implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms,including the maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state,production of bioactive tumorigenic metabolites,and DNA damage.Studies using the adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+mouse model,which resembles FAP in most respects,have shown that specific changes in the intestinal microbial community could influence a multistep progression,the intestinal“adenoma-carcinoma sequence”,which involves mucosal barrier injury,low-grade inflammation,activation of the Wnt pathway.Therefore,modulation of gut microbiota might represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with FAP.Administration of probiotics,prebiotics,antibiotics,and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could potentially prevent the progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in FAP.The aim of this review was to summarize the best available knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with FAP.

关键词： Familial adenomatous polyposis Microbiota Colorectal cancer Polyps Carcinogenesis Bacteria

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Biomarkers in colorectal cancer: Current clinical utility and future perspectives

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第15期6卷 869-881页

作者： marco Vacante Antonio Maria Borzì Francesco basile Antonio Biondi Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties University of Catania

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. CRC has poor prognosis and there is a crucial need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to avoid CRC-related deaths. CRC can be considered a sporadic disease in most cases(75%-80%), but it has been suggested that crosstalk between gene mutations(i.e., mutations of BRAF, KRAS, and p53 as well as microsatellite instability) and epigenetic alterations(i.e., DNA methylation of Cp G island promoter regions) could play a pivotal role in cancer development. A number of studies have focused on molecular testing to guide targeted and conventional treatments for patients with CRC, sometimes with contrasting results. Some of the most useful innovations in the management of CRC include the possibility to detect the absence of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS and PIK3 CA gene mutations with the subsequent choice to administer targeted adjuvant therapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. Moreover, CRC patients can benefit from tests for microsatellite instability and for the detection of loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 18 q that can be helpful in guiding therapeutic decisions as regards the administration of 5-FU. The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence on the possible use of genetic or epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy in CRC patients.

关键词： Biomarkers Colorectal cancer Epigenetics Tumor markers DNA methylation

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Role of surgery for colorectal cancer in the elderly

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第9期8卷 606-613页

作者： Antonio Biondi marco Vacante Immacolata Ambrosino Erika Cristaldi Giuseppe Pietrapertosa Francesco basile Department of Surgery Vittorio Emanuele Hospital University of Catania 95100 CataniaItaly Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences University of Catania 95100 Catania Italy Community Hospital Service ULSS 20 Verona 37122 Verona Italy

The prevalence of subjects with colorectal cancer is expected to grow in the next future decades and surgery represents the most successful treatment modality for these patients. Anyway, currently elderly subjects undergo less elective surgical procedures than younger patients mainly due to the high rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Some authors suggest extensive surgery, including multistage procedures, as carried out in younger patients while others promote less aggressive surgery. In older patients, laparoscopic-assisted colectomy showed a number of advantages compared to conventional open surgery that include lower stress, higher rate of independency after surgery, quicker return to prior activities and a decrease in costs. The recent advances in chemotherapy and the introduction of new surgical procedures such as the endoluminal stenting, suggest the need for a revisitation of surgical practice patterns and the role of palliative surgery, mainly for patients with advanced disease. In this article, we discuss the current role of surgery for elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

关键词： Laparoscopy Colorectal cancer Elderly Comorbidities Colorectal surgery

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