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The identification of wildlife-vehicle collision hotspots: Citizen science reveals spatial and temporal patterns

Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 99-111页

作者： Francesco Valerio marco basile Rosario Balestrieri Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and DevelopmentInstituto de Investigação e Formação AvançadaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947006-554ÉvoraPortugal. UBC-Unidade de Biologia da Conservação Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947002-554ÉvoraPortugal. Associazione per la Ricerca la Divulgazione e l’Educazione Ambientale–ARDEAVia Ventilabro80126 NapoliItaly. Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.479106 FreiburgGermany. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale 180121 NaplesItaly.

Linear infrastructures(e.g.,roads,railways,pipelines,and powerlines)pose a serious threat to wildlife,due to the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions(roadkills).The placement of mitigation measures,such as crossing structures,should consider species’life cycles and ecological *** an assessment would require data collection over large areas,which may be possible by employing citizen *** this study,we aimed to identify spatiotemporal trends of roadkill occurrence using citizen science data from one of the most urbanized and biodiversityrich regions of *** trends were analyzed using generalized additive models,while landscape patterns were assessed by identifying significant thresholds over land cover gradients,related to increases in relative roadkill abundance,by employing threshold indicator taxa *** approach recorded a total of 529 roadkills,including 33 different species,comprising 13 mammal,10 bird,6 reptile,and 2 amphibian *** analysis indicated significant temporal trends for the red fox,the European hedgehog,the stone marten and the European badger,with peaks in roadkill occurrence between the winter and spring *** roadkill abundance increased mostly in landscapes with anthropogenic land cover classes,such as complex cultivations,orchards,or urban *** results allowed us to develop a map of potential roadkill risk that could assist in planning the placement of mitigation *** science contributions from highly populated areas allowed data collection over a large area and a dense road network,and also directly led to the evaluation of management decisional options.

关键词： Roadkill Land cover Road ecology Seasonal trend Spatial prioritization Urban wildlife

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Diversity of beetle species and functional traits along gradients of deadwood suggests weak environmental filtering

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 56-63页

作者： marco basile Francesco Parisi Roberto Tognetti Saverio Francini Fabio Lombardi marco Marchetti Davide Travaglini Elena De Santis Gherardo Chirici Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland Swiss Ornithological Institute Seerose 16204SempachSwitzerland GeoLAB-Laboratory of Forest Geomatics Department of AgricultureFoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversita degli Studi di FirenzeFirenzeItaly Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e AlimentiUniversita degli Studi del MoliseVia De Sanctis86100CampobassoItaly Fondazione per il Futuro delle Citta FirenzeItaly Dipartimento di Agraria Universita Mediterranea di Reggio CalabriaLocalita di Feo di VitoReggio Calabria89122Italy Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio Universita degli Studi del MoliseContrada Fonte Lappone86090PescheItaly

Background: Gradients in local environmental characteristics may favour the abundance of species with particular traits, while other species decline, or favour species with different traits at the same time, without an increase in average species abundances. Therefore, we asked: do variations in species and traits differ along gradients of deadwood variables? Do species abundance and trait occurrence change with species richness within or between functional groups? Thus, we analysed the beetle assemblages of five forest sites located in Italy, along the Apennines ***: From 2012 to 2018 we sampled beetles and five deadwood types in 193 plots to characterise the deadwood gradient: standing dead trees, snags, dead downed trees, coarse woody debris, and stumps. We modelled beetle species relative abundances and trophic traits occurrences against the deadwood variables using joint species distribution ***: Out of 462 species, only 77 showed significant responses to at least one deadwood type, with a weak mean response across species. Trophic groups showed mostly negative responses to deadwood variables. Species abundance increased with species richness among sites only for phytophagous and saproxylophagous. Trait occurrence did not increase with species richness among sites, except for phytophagous and ***, trait occurrence changed significantly with species richness of several trophic groups within some *** found that increases in species richness do not result in decreases in species abundance of a given trophic group, but rather null or positive relationships were found suggesting low interspecific ***: Our findings suggest that in Mediterranean mountain forests there is still room for increasing the level of naturalness, at least for what concerns deadwood management. On one side, our findings suggest that competition for deadwood substrates is still low, on the other side they indicate that incre

关键词： Abundance Forest Italy Joint species distribution model Saproxylic Trophic group

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Disentangling the role of wave function overlap, exciton–exciton interaction, carrier confinement and shape in the properties of spherical quantum wells

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Nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 949-957页

作者： marco Califano Pollard Institute School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Bragg Centre for Materials Research University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

There is a widespread conviction,fuelled by simple effective mass theoretical modelling,that the enhanced optical properties of quantum shells(i.e.,CdS/CdSe/CdS core/shell in a shell structures)derive from a combination of relaxed carrier confinement,decreased overlap between electron and hole wave functions,reduced Coulomb interaction between photoinduced charge carriers and exciton-exciton repulsion,achieved in these nanoscopic spherical quantum wells(SQWs)by shape *** the origins of such properties by means of a more sophisticated theoretical framework is however important to ensure that future efforts at further improvement do not pursue the wrong *** the atomistic semiempirical pseudopotential method,we show that most of the assumptions behind such effects are incorrect,and that the origins of the peculiar optical properties of quantum shells are to be found elsewhere.

关键词： semiconductor nanocrystals quantum shells optical properties electronic structure pseudopotential method

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Role of copper chelating agents: between old applications and new perspectives in neuroscience

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 751-762页

作者： Rosalba Leuci Leonardo Brunetti Vincenzo Tufarelli marco Cerini marco Paparella Nikola Puvača Luca Piemontese Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area(DiMePRe-J) Section of Veterinary Science and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi SadUniversity Business Academy in Novi SadNovi SadSerbia

The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.

关键词： agriculture Alzheimer's disease chelators copper feed supplements multi-target

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From mice to humans:a need for comparable results in mammalian neuroplasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 464-466页

作者： marco Ghibaudi Enrica Boda Luca Bonfanti Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi OrbassanoItaly Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinTurinItaly Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini University of TurinTurinItaly

Brain plasticity-A universal tool with many variations:The study of brain plasticity has been gaining interest since almost a century and has now reached a huge amount of information(>80,000 results in PubMed).Overall,different types of plasticity,including stem cell-driven genesis of new neurons(adult neurogenesis),cells in arrested maturation(dormant neurons),neuro-glial and synaptic plasticity,can coexist and contribute to grant plastic changes in the brain,from a cellular to system level(Benedetti and Couillard-Despres,2022;Bonfanti et al.,2023).

关键词： plasticity al. arrest

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Tailoring sub-5 nm Fe-doped CeO2 nanocrystals within confined spaces to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 263-277页

作者： Giuseppina Iervolino Olimpia Tammaro marco Fontana Bruno Masenelli Anne D.Lamirand Vincenzo Vaiano Serena Esposito Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino-Politecnico Politecnico di Torino Center for Sustainable Future Technologies POLITO Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia INSA Lyon Ecole Centrale de Lyon CNRS Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE LyonINL

This work aimed to study the efficiency of the reverse micelle（RM） preparation route in the syntheses of sub-5 nm Fe-doped CeO2nanocrystals for boosting the visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol aqueous *** effectiveness of confining precipitation reactions within micellar cages was evaluated through extensive physicochemical cha *** particula r,the nominal composition（0-5 mol% Fe） was preserved as ascertained by ICP-MS analysis,and the absence of separate iron-containing crystalline phases was supported by X-ray *** effective aliovalent doping and modulation of the optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis,Raman,and photoluminescence spectroscopies.2.5 mol% iron was found to be an optimal content to achieve a significant decrease in the band gap,enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancy defects,and increase the charge carrier *** photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CeO2prepared at different Fe contents with RM preparation was studied and compared with undoped *** optimal iron load was identified to be2.5 mol%,achieving the highest hydrogen production(7566 μmol L-1after 240 min under visible light).Moreover,for comparison,the conventional precipitation（P） method was adopted to prepare iron containing CeO2at the optimal content（2.5 mol% Fe）.The Fe-doped CeO2catalyst prepared by RM showed a significantly higher hydrogen production than that obtained with the sample prepared by the P *** optimal Fe-doped CeO2,prepared by the RM method,was stable for six reuse ***,the role of water in the mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light was studied through the test in the presence of *** obtained results evidenced that hydrogen was produced from the reduction of H+by the electrons promoted in the conduction band,while methanol was preferentially oxidized by the photogenerated positive holes.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution Mesoporous CeO2 Photocatalysis Reverse micelles Sub-5 nm Fe-doped CeO2 Visible light

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Novel Methodologies for Preventing Crack Propagation in Steel Gas Pipelines Considering the Temperature Effect

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 1-23页

作者： Nurlan Zhangabay Ulzhan Ibraimova marco Bonopera Ulanbator Suleimenov Konstantin Avramov Maryna Chernobryvko Aigerim Yessengali Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan UniversityShymkent160012Kazakhstan Department of Industrial Civil and Road Construction Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan UniversityShymkent160012Kazakhstan Mechanics Sound&Vibration LaboratoryDepartment of Civil EngineeringCollege of EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan Department of Reability&Dynamic Strength A.Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKharkiv61046Ukraine

Using the software ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics,this study performedﬁnite-element modeling of the large-diameter steel pipeline cross-section for the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline with a non-through straight crack,strengthened by steel wire *** effects of the thread tensile force of the steel winding in the form of single rings at the crack edges and the wires with different winding diameters and pitches were also *** results showed that the strengthening was preferably executed at a minimum value of the thread tensile force,which was 6.4%more effective than that at its maximum *** analysis of the inﬂuence of the winding dia-meters showed that the equivalent stresses increased by 32%from the beginning of the crack growth until the wire *** increment in winding diameter decelerated the disclosure of the edge crack and reduced its length by 8.2%.The analysis of the inﬂuence of the winding pitch showed that decreasing the distance between the winding turns also led to a 33.6%reduction in the length of the straight crack and a 7.9%reduction in the maximum stres-ses on the strengthened pipeline *** analysis of the temperature effect on the pipeline material,within a range from-40℃ to+50℃,resulted in a crack length change of up to 5.8%.As the temperature dropped,the crack length *** such a temperature range,the maximum stresses were observed along the cen-tral area of the crack,which were equal to 413 MPa at+50℃ and 440 MPa at-40℃.The results also showed that the presence of the steel winding in the pipeline signiﬁcantly reduced the length of crack propagation up to 8.4 times,depending on the temperature effect and design parameters of *** work integrated the existing methods for crack localization along steel gas pipelines.

关键词： Crack propagation ﬁnite-element internal pressure prestressing steel gas pipeline temperature effect

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Familial adenomatous polyposis and changes in the gut microbiota: New insights into colorectal cancer carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 495-508页

作者： Antonio Biondi Francesco basile marco Vacante Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Multidisciplinary Research Center for Rare Diseases University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP),an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome,have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly 100%.Recent studies have pointed out that the gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the development of colorectal adenomas and the consequent progression to colorectal *** gut bacteria,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum,Escherichia coli,Clostridium difficile,Peptostreptococcus,and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,could be implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms,including the maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state,production of bioactive tumorigenic metabolites,and DNA *** using the adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+mouse model,which resembles FAP in most respects,have shown that specific changes in the intestinal microbial community could influence a multistep progression,the intestinal“adenoma-carcinoma sequence”,which involves mucosal barrier injury,low-grade inflammation,activation of the Wnt ***,modulation of gut microbiota might represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with *** of probiotics,prebiotics,antibiotics,and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could potentially prevent the progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in *** aim of this review was to summarize the best available knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with FAP.

关键词： Familial adenomatous polyposis Microbiota Colorectal cancer Polyps Carcinogenesis Bacteria

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Generation,interrogation,and future applications of microglia-containing brain organoids

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3448-3460页

作者： Julia Di Stefano Federica Di marco Ilaria Cicalini Una FitzGerald Damiana Pieragostino Marleen Verhoye Peter Ponsaerts Elise Van Breedam Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute(Vaxinfectio)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Bio-Imaging Lab University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Center for Advanced Studies and Technology(CAST) G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University“G.d’Annunzio”of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical DevicesBiomedical EngineeringUniversity of GalwayIreland Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayIreland μNEURO Research Center of Excellence University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium

Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell–derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and ***,this review provides a brief introduction to the current state-of-the-art for neuroectoderm brain organoid development,emphasizing their biggest advantages in comparison with classical two-dimensional cell cultures and animal ***,despite their usefulness for developmental studies,a major limitation for most brain organoid models is the absence of contributing cell types from endodermal and mesodermal *** such,current research is highly investing towards the incorporation of a functional vasculature and the microglial immune *** this review,we will specifically focus on the development of immune-competent brain *** summarizing the different approaches applied to incorporate microglia,it is highlighted that immune-competent brain organoids are not only important for studying neuronal network formation,but also offer a clear future as a new tool to study inflammatory responses in vitro in 3D in a brainlike ***,our main focus here is to provide a comprehensive overview of assays to measure microglial phenotype and function within brain organoids,with an outlook on how these findings could better understand neuronal network development or restoration,as well as the influence of physical stress on microglia-containing brain ***,we would like to stress that even though the development of immune-competent brain organoids has largely evolved over the past decade,their full potential as a pre-clinical tool to study novel therapeutic approaches to halt or reduce inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration still needs to be explored and validated.

关键词： 3D cell culture brain organoids immune response immunocompetent model in vitro model microglia neural organoids neuroimmunology neuroinflammation

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Biomarkers in colorectal cancer: Current clinical utility and future perspectives

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第15期6卷 869-881页

作者： marco Vacante Antonio Maria Borzì Francesco basile Antonio Biondi Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties University of Catania

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. CRC has poor prognosis and there is a crucial need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to avoid CRC-related deaths. CRC can be considered a sporadic disease in most cases(75%-80%), but it has been suggested that crosstalk between gene mutations(i.e., mutations of BRAF, KRAS, and p53 as well as microsatellite instability) and epigenetic alterations(i.e., DNA methylation of Cp G island promoter regions) could play a pivotal role in cancer development. A number of studies have focused on molecular testing to guide targeted and conventional treatments for patients with CRC, sometimes with contrasting results. Some of the most useful innovations in the management of CRC include the possibility to detect the absence of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS and PIK3 CA gene mutations with the subsequent choice to administer targeted adjuvant therapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. Moreover, CRC patients can benefit from tests for microsatellite instability and for the detection of loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 18 q that can be helpful in guiding therapeutic decisions as regards the administration of 5-FU. The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence on the possible use of genetic or epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy in CRC patients.

关键词： Biomarkers Colorectal cancer Epigenetics Tumor markers DNA methylation

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