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Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of pharmacologically-induced hypothermia with D-alanine D-leucine enkephalin in brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2029-2037页

作者： M.grant Liska marci g.crowley Julian P.Tuazon Cesar V.Borlongan Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine

Neurovascular disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, persist as leading causes of death and disability - thus, the search for novel therapeutic approaches for these disorders continues. Many hurdles have hindered the translation of effective therapies for traumatic brain injury and stroke primarily because of the inherent complexity of neuropathologies and an inability of current treatment approaches to adapt to the unique cell death pathways that accompany the disorder symptoms. Indeed, developing potent treatments for brain injury that incorporate dynamic and multiple disorder-engaging therapeutic targets are likely to produce more effective outcomes than traditional drugs. The therapeutic use of hypothermia presents a promising option which may fit these criteria. While regulated temperature reduction has displayed great promise in preclinical studies of brain injury, clinical trials have been far less consistent and associated with adverse effects, especially when hypothermia is pursued via systemic cooling. Accordingly, devising better methods of inducing hypothermia may facilitate the entry of this treatment modality into the clinic. The use of the delta opioid peptide D-alanine D-leucine enkephalin（DADLE） to pharmacologically induce temperature reduction may offer a potent alternative, as DADLE displays both the ability to cause temperature reduction and to confer a broad profile of other neuroprotective and neuroregenerative processes. This review explores the prospect of DADLE-mediated hypothermia to treat neurovascular brain injuries, emphasizing the translational steps necessary for its clinical translation.

关键词： stroke traumatic brian injury neurodegeneration temperature management regenerative medicine delta opioids metabolic suppression cerebrovascular disease neurovascular disease

Social Vulnerability Factors and Reported Post-Disaster Needs in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Julia crowley Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Western Carolina UniversityCullowheeNC 28723USA

This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane *** least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid registrations that reported needs pertaining to emergencies,food,and *** consisted of zip codes in North Carolina and South Carolina that received individual assistance for Hurricane Florence(N=406).The results suggest that when controlling for event-specific factors and flood mitigation factors,the proportions of the population that is female,the population over 65,the population aged5 and under,the population older than 5 years not speaking English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported emergency *** controlling for the same variables,the proportions of the population over the age of 25 with a Bachelor’s degree,the female population,the population aged 5 and under,the population above 5 years old that does not speak English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported food *** the same variables controlled for,three variables—the proportions of the population over65,the population aged 5 and under,and the non-Englishspeaking population above 5 years of age—were all predictors of the per capita reported shelter *** results suggest that more attention should be given to these vulnerable populations in the pre-disaster planning process.

关键词： FEMA Hurricane Florence Social vulnerability Post-disaster needs

Translational research in early neuroscience careers of high school students

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 586-587页

作者： Zachary M.Diamandis Nicholas S.Diaco Kelsey Duncan marci crowley M.grant Liska Cesar V.Borlongan Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Essentially, the knowledge of science alone offers little utility. With-out the ability to investigate, apply and communicate, science serves no purpose. That is not to undermine the importance of scientific knowledge, but there currently exists a major flaw in our high school educational system that inhibits meaningful learning experiences for most students. Application of science in local high schools is largely directed at improving performance on multiple-choice exams. Standardized tests taken by high school students are slowly progressing,

关键词： high Translational research in early neuroscience careers of high school students

Regulation of toxins and bioregulators under the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2024年第2期6卷 99-112页

作者： Michael crowley Malcolm Dando Peace Studies and International Development University of BradfordBD71DPUK

In this paper we highlight how the apparent double coverage of toxins and bioregulators by both the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention(BTWC)and the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC)in fact masks a regulatory gap that has left such potentially dangerous agents neglected by both the control regimes during a period of rapid advances in relevant chemical,life and associated sciences and *** first review what toxins,bioregulators and other mid-spectrum agents are and why they are of such concern and then examine how they are regulated under the BTWC and *** paper then examines an illustrative range of contemporary chemical and life science research and associated activities of concern drawn from case study research on China,India,Iran,Russia,Syria and the United States,and assesses how the CWC and BTWC States Parties have inadequately addressed these *** then examine how both the CWC and BTWC Review Conferences failed to address these long-term challenges,and we end by providing a series of recommendations for how both regimes can be strengthened in this area.

关键词： Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Chemical Weapons Convention Biotechnology Toxins Bioregulators Riot Control Agents Malodorants Delivery Systems

A Building Classification System for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 161-177页

作者： Vitor Silva Svetlana Brzev Charles Scawthorn Catalina Yepes Jamal Dabbeek Helen crowley Risk Section Global Earthquake Model27100 PaviaItaly Department of Civil Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada SPA Risk LLC DenverCO 80207USA Department of Civil Engineering An-Najah National UniversityNablusState of Palestine Seismic Risk Section 27100 EucentrePaviaItaly

A uniform and comprehensive classification system, often referred to as taxonomy, is fundamental for the characterization of building portfolios for natural hazard risk assessment. A building taxonomy characterizes assets according to attributes that can influence the likelihood of damage due to the effects of natural *** the scope of the global Earthquake Model(gEM)initiative, a building taxonomy(gEM Building Taxonomy V2.0) was developed with the goal of classifying buildings according to their seismic vulnerability. This taxonomy contained 13 building attributes, including the main material of construction, lateral load-resisting system, date of construction and number of stories. Since its release in2012, the taxonomy has been used by hundreds of experts working on exposure and risk modeling efforts. These applications allowed the identification of several limitations, which led to the improvement and expansion of this taxonomy into a new classification system compatible with multi-hazard risk assessment. This expanded taxonomy(named gED4ALL) includes more attributes and several details relevant for buildings exposed to natural hazards beyond earthquakes. gED4ALL has been applied in several international initiatives, enabling the identification of the most common building classes in the world, and facilitating compatibility between exposure models and databases of vulnerability and damage databases.

关键词： Disaster risk Exposure Multihazard Taxonomy

Artificial gut and the applications in poultry:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 156-166页

作者： Nishchal K.Sharma Shu-Biao Wu Natalie K.Morgan Tamsyn M.crowley School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia IMPACT School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoria3217Australia

Artificial gut models including both the gastric and intestinal phases have been used in poultry research for decades to predict the digestibility of nutrients,the efficacy of feed enzymes and additives,and caecal ***,the models used in the past are static and cannot be used to predict interactions between the feed,gut environment and *** is imperative that a standard artificial gut model for poultry is established,to enable these interactions to be examined without continual reliance on *** ensure the validity of an artificial model,it should be validated with in vivo *** review describes current practices in the use of artificial guts in research,their importance in poultry nutrition studies and highlights an opportunity to develop a dynamic gut model for poultry to reduce the number of in vivo experiments.

关键词： Artificial gut gastrointestinal tract In vitro experiment Poultry Simulated gut

Relativistic reflection X-ray spectra of accretion disks

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第4期9卷 377-389页

作者： Khee-gan Lee Kinwah Wu Steven V. Fuerst graziella Branduardi-Raymont Oliver crowley Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544 USA Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonHolmbury St. Mary Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94309 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy University College LondonGower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

We have calculated the relativistic reflection component of the X-ray spectra of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei （AgN）. Our calculations have shown that the spectra can be significantly modified by the motion of the accretion flow, and the gravity and rotation of the central black hole. The absorption edges in the spectra suffer severe en- ergy shifts and smearing, and the degree of distortion depends on the system parameters, in particular, the inner radius of the accretion disk and the disk viewing inclination angles. The effects are significant. Fluorescent X-ray emission lines from the inner accretion disk could be a powerful diagnostic of space-time distortion and dynamical relativistic effects near the event horizons of accreting black holes. However, improper treatment of the reflection component in fitting the X-ray continuum could give rise to spurious line-like features. These features mimic the true fluorescent emission lines and may mask their relativistic signatures. Fully relativistic models for reflection continua together with the emission lines are needed in order to extract black-hole parameters from the AgN X-ray spectra.

关键词： accretion, accretion disks-galaxies active-X-rays galaxies-blackhole physics-relativity

Effects of cowpea(Vigna unguiculata) root mucilage on microbial community response and capacity for phenanthrene remediation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 45-59页

作者： Ran Sun Richard W.Belcher Jianqiang Liang Li Wang Brian Thater David E.crowley gehong Wei State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University Department of Environmental Sciences University of California at Riverside

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） is normally limited by their low solubility and poor bioavailability. Prior research suggests that biosurfactants are synthesized as intermediates during the production of mucilage at the root tip. To date the effects of mucilage on PAH degradation and microbial community response have not been directly examined. To address this question, our research compared 3 cowpea breeding lines（Vigna unguiculata） that differed in mucilage production for their effects on phenanthrene（PHE） degradation in soil. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography results indicated that the highest PHE degradation rate was achieved in soils planted with mucilage producing cowpea line C1, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium, leading to 91.6% PHE disappearance in 5 weeks. In root printing tests, strings treated with mucilage and bacteria produced larger clearing zones than those produced on mucilage treated strings with no bacteria or bacteria inoculated strings. Experiments with14C-PHE and purified mucilage in soil slurry confirmed that the root mucilage significantly enhanced PHE mineralization（82.7%）, which is 12% more than the control treatment without mucilage. The profiles of the PHE degraders generated by Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis suggested that cowpea C1, producing a high amount of root mucilage, selectively enriched the PHE degrading bacteria population in rhizosphere. These findings indicate that root mucilage may play a significant role in enhancing PHE degradation and suggests that differences in mucilage production may be an important criterion for selection of the best plant species for use in phytoremediation of PAH contaminated soils.

关键词： Bioremediation Mucilage Phytoremediation PAH mineralization Rhizosphere

ShakeDaDO:A data collection combining earthquake building damage and ShakeMap parameters for Italy

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Artificial Intelligence in geosciences 2020年第1期1卷 36-51页

作者： Licia Faenza Alberto Michelini Helen crowley Barbara Borzi Marta Faravelli INgV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaItaly EUCENTRE Centro Europeo di Formazione e Ricerca in Ingegneria SismicaItaly

In this article,we present a new data collection that combines information about earthquake damage with seismic *** from the ***,which provides information on the damage of individual buildings subjected to sequences of past earthquakes in Italy,we have generated ShakeMaps for all the events with magnitude greater than 5.0 that have contributed to these *** sequences under examination are those of Irpinia 1980,Umbria Marche 1997,Pollino 1998,Molise 2002,L’Aquila 2009 and Emilia *** this way,we were able to combine,for a total of the 117,695 buildings,the engineering parameters included in Da.D.O.,but revised and reprocessed in this application,and the ground shaking data for six different variables(namely,intensity in MCS scale,PgA,PgV,SA at 0.3s,1.0s and 3.0s).The potential applications of this data collection are innumerable:from recalibrating fragility curves to training machine learning models to quantifying earthquake *** data collection will be made available within Da.D.O.,a platform of the Italian Department of Civil Protection,developed by EUCENTRE.

关键词： ShakeMap Building damage Italian earthquakes Data collection