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Assimilation of GOES-r.Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar. EnKF, and Hybr.d En3DVar.for.the Analysis and Shor.-Ter. For.cast of a Super.ell Stor. Case

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Advances in Atmospher.c Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： r.ng KONG Ming XUE Edwar. r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandr. O.FIEr.O Center.for.Analysis and Pr.diction of Stor.s Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A Univer.ity of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Sever. Stor.s Labor.tor. NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentr.lanstalt für.Meteor.logie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationar. Oper.tional Envir.nmental Satellite “r.ser.es ”(GOES-r. Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the oper.tional Gr.dpoint Statistical Inter.olation ensemble Kalman filter.GSI-EnKF) fr.mewor. wer. pr.viously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities ar. fur.her.developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-var.ational(EnVar. hybr.d data assimilation(DA) fr.mewor.. The r.sults of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar. and pur. En3DVar.PEn3DVar. using 100% ensemble covar.ance and no static covar.ance) ar. compar.d with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for.a super.ell stor. case. The focus of this study is to validate the cor.ectness and evaluate the per.or.ance of the new implementation r.ther.than compar.ng the per.or.ance of FED DA among differ.nt DA schemes. Only the r.sults of 3DVar.and pEn3DVar.ar. examined and compar.d with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED obser.ation shows that the magnitude and hor.zontal extent of the analysis incr.ments fr.m PEn3DVar.ar. gener.lly lar.er.than fr.m EnKF, which is mainly caused by using differ.nt localization str.tegies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar.as well as the integr.tion limits of the gr.upel mass in the obser.ation oper.tor. Over.ll, the for.cast per.or.ance of PEn3DVar.is compar.ble to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting cor.ect implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

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Extr.ter.estr.al Life in the Ther.ospher.: Plasmas, UAP, Pr.-Life, Four.h State of Matter

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： r. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon r. del Gaudio M. Abu Safa A. r. Sumanar.thna E. Ansbr. D. Duvall G. Bianciar.i C. H. Gibson r. Schild Astr.biology r.sear.h Center California USA Depar.ment of Astr.nomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Labor.tor. University of Burgundy Dijon France Depar.ment of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Depar.ment of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Depar.ment of r.sear.h and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Explor.tion Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Depar.ment of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Depar.ment of Science and Medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center.for.Astr.physics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center.for.Astr.physics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer.in size and behaving similar.y to multicellular.or.anisms have been filmed on 10 separ.te NASA space shuttle missions, over.200 miles above Ear.h within the ther.ospher.. These self-illuminated “plasmas” ar. attr.cted to and may “feed on” electr.magnetic r.diation. They have differ.nt mor.hologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spher.cal-cylindr.cal;and have been filmed flying towar.s and descending fr.m the ther.ospher. into thunder.tor.s;congr.gating by the hundr.ds and inter.cting with satellites gener.ting electr.magnetic activity;appr.aching the Space Shuttles. Computer.zed analysis of flight path tr.jector.es documents these plasmas tr.vel at differ.nt velocities fr.m differ.nt dir.ctions and change their.angle of tr.jector. making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed acceler.ting, slowing down, stopping, congr.gating, engaging in “hunter.pr.dator.” behavior.and inter.ecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust tr.il in their.wake. Similar.life-like behavior. have been demonstr.ted by plasmas cr.ated exper.mentally. “Plasmas” may have been photogr.phed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighter.”);r.peatedly obser.ed and filmed by astr.nauts and militar. pilots and classified as Unidentified Aer.al—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas ar. not biological but may r.pr.sent a for. of pr.-life that via the incor.or.tion of elements common in space, could r.sult in the synthesis of r.A. Plasmas constitute a four.h state of matter. ar. attr.cted to electr.magnetic activity, and when obser.ed in the lower.atmospher. likely account for.many of the UFO-UAP sightings over.the centur.es.

关键词： Extr.ter.estr.als Plasmas Dusty Plasmas Extr.mophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Or.gins of Life r.A Wor.d

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Estimating the Dr.ught-Induced Yield Loss for.Winter.Wheat in a Semi-Ar.d r.gion of the Souther. United States Using a Dr.ught Index

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Pr.m Woli Qingwu Xue Ger.ld r. Smith Char.es r. Long Fr.ncis M. r.uquette Jr. Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most r.r.l locations in the semi-ar.d r.gion of Llano Estacado in the souther. United States is pr.dominantly based on agr.cultur., pr.mar.ly beef and wheat (Tr.ticum aestivum L.) pr.duction. This r.gion is pr.ne to dr.ught and is pr.jected to exper.ence a dr.er.climate. Dr.ughts that coincide with the cr.tical phenological phases of a cr.p can be r.mar.ably costly. Although dr.ught cannot be pr.vented, its losses can be minimized thr.ugh mitigation measur.s if it is pr.dicted in advance. Pr.dicting yield loss fr.m an imminent dr.ught is an impor.ant need of stakeholder.. One way to fulfill this need is using an agr.cultur.l dr.ught index, such as the Agr.cultur.l r.fer.nce Index for.Dr.ught (Ar.D). Being plant physiology-based, Ar.D can r.pr.sent dr.ught-yield r.lationships accur.tely. This study developed an Ar.D-based yield model for.pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat in this r.gion by accounting for.its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water.str.ss. The r.asonable values of the dr.ught sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could r.flect the phenomenon of water.str.ss decr.asing the winter.wheat yields in this r.gion r.asonably. The values of the var.ous metr.cs used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and per.entage er.or.(26), indicated that the yield model per.or.ed fair.y well at pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat. The yield model may be useful for.pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat in the study r.gion and scheduling ir.igation allocation based on phenological phase-specific dr.ught sensitivity.

关键词： Ar.D Dr.ught Dr.ught index Gr.wth-stage Model Phenological-Phase Pr.diction Semi-Ar.d Wheat Yield

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Kinematic analysis of flexible bipedal r.botic systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 795-818页

作者： r.FAZEL A.M.SHAFEI S.r.NEKOO Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Depar.amento de Ingenier.a de Sistemas y Automatica Escuela Técnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain

In spite of its intr.nsic complexities,the passive gait of bipedal r.bots on a sloping r.mp is a subject of inter.st for.numer.us *** distinguishes the pr.sent r.sear.h fr.m similar.wor.s is the consider.tion of flexibility in the constituent links of this type of r.botic *** is not a far.fetched assumption because in the tr.nsient(impact)phase,due to the impulsive for.es which ar. applied to the system,the likelihood of exciting the vibr.tion modes incr.ases ***,the human leg bones that ar. involved in walking ar. suppor.ed by viscoelastic muscles and ***,for.achieving mor. exact r.sults,it is essential to model the r.bot links with viscoelastic *** this end,the Gibbs-Appell for.ulation and Newton's kinematic impact law ar. used to der.ve the most gener.l for. of the system's dynamic equations in the swing and tr.nsient phases of *** most impor.ant issue in the passive walking motion of bipedal r.bots is the deter.ination of the initial r.bot configur.tion with which the system could accomplish a per.odic and stable gait solely under.the effect of gr.vitational *** extr.mely unstable natur. of the system studied in this paper.and the vibr.tions caused by the impulsive for.es induced by the impact of r.bot feet with the inclined sur.ace ar. some of the ver. ser.ous challenges encounter.d for.achieving the above-mentioned *** over.ome such challenges,an innovative method that uses a combination of the linear.zed equations of motion in the swing phase and the algebr.ic motion equations in the tr.nsition phase is pr.sented in this paper.to obtain an eigenvalue *** solving this pr.blem,the suitable initial conditions that ar. necessar. for.the passive gait of this bipedal r.bot on a sloping sur.ace ar. *** effects of the char.cter.stic par.meter. of elastic links including the modulus of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt coefficient on the walking stability of this type of

关键词： bipedal r.bot flexible link swing phase tr.nsient phase eigenvalue pr.blem Kelvin-Voigt coefficient

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Char.cter.zation of ear.y matur.ng elite genotypes based on MTSI and MGIDI indexes:an illustr.tion in upland cotton(Gossypium hir.utum L.)

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Jour.al of Cotton r.sear.h 2024年第3期7卷 253-265页

作者： D S r.J Supr.tha PATIL r.jesh S. PATIL Bhuvaneshwar. r. NAYAK Spur.hi N. PAWAr.Kasu N. Depar.ment of Genetics and Plant Br.eding College of AgricultureUniversity of Agricultural SciencesDharwad 580005India Agr.cultur.l r.sear.h Station Dharwad 580005India Depar.ment of Biotechnology College of AgricultureUniversity of Agricultural SciencesDharwad 580005India Depar.ment of Cr.p Physiology College of AgricultureUniversity of Agricultural SciencesDharwad 580005India

Backgr.und Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constr.ined by its tendency for.extended per.ods of *** matur.ty plays a potential r.le in r.infed-based multiple cr.pping system especially in the cur.ent er. of climate *** the cur.ent study,a set of 20 diver.e Gossypium hir.utum genotypes wer. evaluated in two cr.p seasons with thr.e planting densities and assessed for.11 mor.hological tr.its r.lated to ear.y *** study aimed to identify genotype(s)that matur. r.pidly and accomplish well under.diver.e envir.nmental conditions based on the two r.bust multivar.ate techniques called multi-tr.it stability index(MTSI)and multi-tr.it genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI).r.sults MTSI analysis r.vealed that out of the 20 genotypes,thr.e genotypes,viz.,NNDC-30,A-2,and S-32 accomplished well in ter.s of ear.y matur.ty tr.its in two ***,thr.e genotypes wer. selected using MGIDI method for.each planting densities with a selection intensity of 15%.The str.ngths and weaknesses of the genotypes selected based on MGIDI method highlighted that the br.eder. could focus on developing ear.y-matur.ng genotypes with specific tr.its such as days to fir.t flower.and boll *** selected genotypes exhibited positive genetic gains for.tr.its r.lated to ear.iness and a successful har.est dur.ng the fir.t and second ***,ther. wer. negative gains for.tr.its r.lated to flower.ng and boll *** The study identified thr.e genotypes exhibiting ear.y matur.ty and accomplished well under.differ.nt planting *** multivar.ate methods(MTSI and MGIDI)ser.e as novel appr.aches for.selecting desir.d genotypes in plant br.eding pr.gr.ms,especially acr.ss var.ous gr.wing *** methods offer.exclusive benefits and can easily constr.e and minimize multicollinear.ty issues.

关键词： Cotton MTSI MGIDI Genotype envir.nment inter.ction Ear.y matur.ty Multi-tr.it Multi-envir.nment

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Physico-chemical char.cter.zation of acid base disor.er. in patients with COVID-19:A cohor. study

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Wor.d Jour.al of Nephr.logy 2024年第2期13卷 16-23页

作者： Ser.io Pinto de Souza Juliana r.Caldas marcelo Bar.eto Lopes marcelo Augusto Duar.e Silveir. Fer.anda Oliveir. Coelho Igor.Oliveir. Queir.z Pedr. Domingues Cur. r.gér.o da Hor. Passos Depar.ment of Nephr.logy Hospital São RafaelSalvadorBA 41253190Brazil Depar.ment of Nephr.logy D’Or Institute for Research and Education(IDOR)SalvadorBA 41253190Brazil Faculty of Medicine Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública-EBMSPSalvadorBA 40290000Brazil Depar.ment of Intensive Car. D’Or Institute for Research and Education(IDOR)SalvadorBA 41253190Brazil Hospital São r.fael D’Or Institute for Research and Education(IDOR)SalvadorBA 41253190Brazil Depar.ment of Intensive Car. Unit Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSao PauloSP 05652900Brazil

BACKGr.UND Acid-base imbalance has been poor.y descr.bed in patients with cor.navir.s disease 2019(COVID-19).Study by the quantitative acid-base appr.ach may be able to account for.minor.changes in ion distr.bution that may have been over.looked using tr.ditional acid-base analysis *** a cohor. of cr.tically ill COVID-19 patients,we looked for.an association between metabolic acidosis sur.ogates and wor.e clinical outcomes,such as mor.ality,r.nal dialysis,and length of hospital *** To descr.be the acid-base disor.er. of cr.tically ill COVID-19 patients using Stewar.’s appr.ach,associating its var.ables with poor.*** This study per.ained to a r.tr.spective cohor. compr.sed of adult patients who exper.enced an intensive car. unit stay exceeding 4 days and who wer. diagnosed with sever. acute r.spir.tor. syndr.me cor.navir.s 2 infection thr.ugh a positive polymer.se chain r.action analysis of a nasal swab and typical pulmonar. involvement obser.ed in chest computed tomogr.phy *** and clinical data wer. obtained fr.m electr.nic *** var.ables wer. compar.d using Fisher.s exact *** data wer. pr.sented as median and inter.uar.ile *** Mann-Whitney U test was used for.*** In total,211 patients wer. *** mor.ality r.te was 13.7%.Over.ll,149 patients(70.6%)pr.sented with alkalosis,28 patients(13.3%)had acidosis,and the r.maining 34 patients(16.2%)had a nor.al ar.er.al pondus *** those pr.senting with acidosis,most had a low appar.nt str.ng ion differ.nce(SID)(20 patients,9.5%).Within the gr.up with alkalosis,128 patients(61.0%)had r.spir.tor. *** non-sur.ivor. wer. older.had mor. comor.idities,and had higher.Char.son’s and simplified acute physiology scor. *** did not find sever. acid-base imbalance in this *** analyzed Stewar.’s var.ables(effective SID,appar.nt SID,and str.ng ion gap and the effect of albumin,lactate,phosphor.s,and chlor.de)wer. not d

关键词： COVID-19 Physicochemical appr.ach Acid-base status Cr.tically ill patients Acute r.spir.tor. syndr.me

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Hologr.phic dar. ener.y in non-conser.ed gr.vity theor.

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Communications in Theor.tical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： H r.Fazlollahi Institute of Gr.vitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

r.cently, r.consider.ng the r.stall idea T_(μ;νν)^(v)=α_(,μ) thr.ugh r.lativistic ther.odynamics gives a new for. for.the scalar.field α which led us to constr.ct moder. modified theor. of gr.vity debugged ‘non-conser.ed gr.vity theor.’ Fazlollahi 2023 Eur.. Phys. J. C 83 923. This theor. unlike other.modified theor.es of gr.vity cannot dir.ctly explain the cur.ent acceler.tion expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or.existence of other.for.s of dar. ener.y. Hence, in this study we have r.investigated hologr.phic dar. ener.y Ρ_(X)~H^(2) in the non-conser.ed theor. of gr.vity. In this context, the density and pr.ssur. of dar. ener.y depend on the non-conser.ed ter. and density of the dust matter.field. As shown, due to non-conser.ation effects on lar.e-scale str.ctur.s, unlike the or.ginal hologr.phic model, our.model onsets an acceler.tion epoch for.the cur.ent Univer.e satisfies obser.ations. Mor.over. the inter.ction and viscous scenar.os ar. studied for.this model.

关键词： non-conser.ed gr.vity covar.ant for. of ther.odynamics hologr.phic dar. ener.y

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Feynman Path Integr.l Using Oper.tor.Integr.tion in Banach Space

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Jour.al of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第2期12卷 432-444页

作者： r.za r. Ahangar.Er.il Cetin Ser.fe Muge Ege Mathematics Depar.ment Texas A&M University Kingsville USA Mathematics Depar.ment Ege University Bornova Türkiye

Feynman-Path Integr.l in Banach Space: In 1940, r.P. Feynman attempted to find a mathematical r.pr.sentation to expr.ss quantum dynamics of the gener.l for. for.a double-slit exper.ment. His intuition on sever.l slits with sever.l walls in ter.s of Lagr.ngian instead of Hamiltonian r.sulted in a magnificent wor.. It was known as Feynman Path Integr.ls in quantum physics, and a lar.e par. of the scientific community still consider. them a heur.stic tool that lacks a sound mathematical definition. This paper.aims to r.fute this pr.judice, by pr.viding an extensive and self-contained descr.ption of the mathematical theor. of Feynman Path Integr.tion, fr.m the ear.ier.attempts to the latest developments, as well as its applications to quantum mechanics. About a hundr.d year. after.the beginning of moder. physics, it was r.alized that light could in fact show behavior.l char.cter.stics of both waves and par.icles. In 1927, Davisson and Ger.er.demonstr.ted that electr.ns show the same dual behavior. which was later.extended to atoms and molecules. We shall follow the method of integr.tion with some modifications to constr.ct a gener.lized Lebesgue-Bochner.Stieltjes (LBS) integr.l of the for. , wher. u is a bilinear.oper.tor.acting in the pr.duct of Banach spaces, f is a Bochner.summable function, and μ is a vector.valued measur.. We will demonstr.te that the Feynman Path Integr.l is consistent and can be justified mathematically with LBS integr.tion appr.ach.

关键词： Feynman Path Integr.l Lebesgue-Bochner.Stieltjes Integr.l Oper.tor.Integr.l Par.icle-Wave Function Oper.tor.Integr.tion Position and Momentum Oper.tor.

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Ar.bidopsis photoper.odic r.gulator.CONSTANS feeds back to contr.l the cir.adian clock

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Molecular.Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1338-1340页

作者： Abr.l San Mar.in marcelo Javier.Yanovsky Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Air.s(Fundacion Instituto Leloir.CONICET) Av.Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos AiresC1405BWE

Human beings live in a wor.d defined by daily cycles of light and dar.ness caused by the Ear.h's r.tation ar.und its ***,like most living or.anisms,have evolved inter.al cir.adian clocks that time biological pr.cesses in anticipation of these daily envir.nmental changes(Young and Kay,2001).The plant clock r.lies on cor. genes encoding tr.nscr.ption factor.(TFs),which r.gulate each other.s expr.ssion thr.ugh intr.cate networ.s of inter.ocking tr.nscr.ptional-tr.nslational feedback loops(Nohales and Kay,2016).These loops ultimately contr.l the expr.ssion of thousands of genes,allowing plants to adapt to daily fluctuations in light,temper.tur.,and humidity(Covington et al.,2008).In addition to daily r.ythms,the Ear.h exper.ences year.y seasonal cycles mar.ed by longer.war.er.days in spr.ng and summer.followed by shor.er.cooler.days in autumn and *** changes in day length and temper.tur. intensify with distance fr.m the ***,the ability of plants to adjust their.gr.wth and development in anticipation of seasonal changes deter.ines their.latitudinal distr.bution(McMillan,1960).

关键词： cir.adian seasonal Ar.bidopsis

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Enhancing Cyber.ecur.ty thr.ugh AI and ML: Str.tegies, Challenges, and Futur. Dir.ctions

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Jour.al of Infor.ation Secur.ty 2024年第3期15卷 320-339页

作者： Mar.am r.shanaei Mahir.r. Khan Natalie N. Sylvester Infor.ation Sciences and Technology Depar.ment Pennsylvania State University Abington USA

The landscape of cyber.ecur.ty is r.pidly evolving due to the advancement and integr.tion of Ar.ificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Lear.ing (ML). This paper.explor.s the cr.cial r.le of AI and ML in enhancing cyber.ecur.ty defenses against incr.asingly sophisticated cyber.thr.ats, while also highlighting the new vulner.bilities intr.duced by these technologies. Thr.ugh a compr.hensive analysis that includes histor.cal tr.nds, technological evaluations, and pr.dictive modeling, the dual-edged natur. of AI and ML in cyber.ecur.ty is examined. Significant challenges such as data pr.vacy, continuous tr.ining of AI models, manipulation r.sks, and ethical concer.s ar. addr.ssed. The paper.emphasizes a balanced appr.ach that lever.ges technological innovation alongside r.gor.us ethical standar.s and r.bust cyber.ecur.ty pr.ctices. This appr.ach facilitates collabor.tion among var.ous stakeholder. to develop guidelines that ensur. r.sponsible and effective use of AI in cyber.ecur.ty, aiming to enhance system integr.ty and pr.vacy without compr.mising secur.ty.

关键词： Ar.ificial Intelligence Machine Lear.ing Cyber.ecur.ty Data Pr.vacy and Secur.ty Ethical Standar.s

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