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Iodine Malnutrition and Associated Factors in Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 14 Years in a Municipality Situated in the Semi-Arid Region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2008

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第20期5卷 2008-2019页

作者： Mariana de Souza Macedo Romero Alves Teixeira élido Bonomo Camilo Adalton Mariano da silva Mariangela Carneiro marcelo eustáquio silva Emília Sakurai Joel Alves Lamounier Graduate Center School of Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Nutrition School of Biological and Health Sciences Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Diamantina Brazil School of Nutrition Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Brazil Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of Mathematical Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Federal University of S&#227 o Joã o Del Rei Divinópolis Brazil

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency and possible correlated factors among schoolchildren in the municipality of Novo Cruzeiro-MG by means of an evaluation of urinary iodine excretion. Five hundred and forty schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years selected by stratified sampling, were evaluated. Urine samples were analyzed using the Sandell-Kolthoff method preconized by the WHO and iodine concentrations in the salt were assessed by means of volumetric analysis, in accordance with recommendations from the Ministry of Health. Iodine deficiency was observed in 38.9% of the schoolchildren. Of these, 28.7% of them presented slight deficiency, 6.2% of them were moderately deficient and 4% of them were seriously deficient. Median urinary iodine levels in the urban and rural population were 150.8 and 119.2 μg/L, respectively, with a clear distribution of iodine deficiency among the populations (p < 0.001) being registered. It was also observed that there was a high prevalence of deficient urinary iodine excretion among schoolchildren that consumed salt with an insufficient iodine content. In relation to the quality of the salt consumed by families, in 12.2% of the residences studied the iodine content in salt was below the recommended level (20 mg/kg), while the iodine content was below 15 mg/kg in only 5.3% of them. The results indicated that, although not characterized as a public health issue, according to WHO criteria, iodine deficiency showed very high prevalence among schoolchildren in this region. Regarding the iodine content of salt found in household consumption, our findings indicated the National Program of Salt Iodination was not efficient in the city, since it did not hit the target proposed by the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, low urinary iodine excretion associated with the consumption of salt with low iodine content suggests the need for periodical evaluations in order to provide effective control of the endemic disease.

关键词： Iodine Status Iodine Deficiency Urinary Iodine Iodized Salt Schoolchildren

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Preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab and silicone oil tamponade for vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy

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World Journal of Ophthalmology 2014年第3期4卷 75-81页

作者： Magno Ant?nio Ferreira Raquel eustáquio Alves Ferreira Nayara Souza silva Holhos Uberlandia Eye Hospital and UFU Federal University Of Uberlandia Department of Ophthalmology UFU and Holhos the Retina and Vitreous Service of Holhos and UFU Holhos Uberlandia Eye Hospital Retina and Vitreous Service of Holhos and UFU

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes and complications of vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy using preoperative bevacizumab and silicone oil(SO) tamponade. METHODS: Eighty-four eyes(64 patients) that underwent vitrectomy to treat severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in this retrospective, interventional, serial case study. All patients provided signed informed consent preoperatively and the off-label use of bevacizumab was discussed with the patients and confirmed in the signed consent forms. Bevacizumab injections and SO tamponades were used in all cases and intraoperative complications, postoperative complications and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The primary outcome was the occurrence of intraop-erative and postoperative bleeding during and after vitrectomy and SO removal. The secondary outcomes were other complications that occurred during the two surgeries, the surgical time and the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) in log MAR scale compared with the preoperative BCVA in logM AR. The statistical analysis was performed with GraphP ad Prism 5(Graph Pad Software, La Jolla, CA) using a column analysis(column statistics and frequency distribution) for the noncomparative analysis and a paired t-test for the comparative study;P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Eighty-four eyes of 64 patients were included in the study. Of the 88 eyes initially recruited, 4 eyes(0.45%) developed phthisis bulbi and were excluded from the statistical analysis. Bevacizumab was injected between 1 and 10 d before surgery, with a mean of 3.7 ± 2.2 d. Forty-six eyes(54.8%) had no complications during the surgery;6 eyes(7.1%) had vitreous hemorrhage;21(25%) had a single retinal tear;7(8.3%) had two or more retinal tears, one of which was in the posterior pole, temporal to the fovea;2(2.4%) had retinal tears associated with hemorrhage;1(1.2%) had choroidal detachment;and 1 eye(1.2%) had dialysis in the temporal entrance of the trocar. After

关键词： Bevacizumab Diabetic retinopathy Vitrectomy Silicone oil Vitreous hemorrhage

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