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Assessing the Trace Metal Content of Groundwater in the Bakassi Peninsular, Onshore Rio del Rey, Akwa-Mundemba, Cameroun

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第10期7卷 23-48页

作者： Richard Ayuk II Akoachere Takahiro Hosono Thomson Areakpoh Eyong marcelle-carole pami ngassam Tom Tabi Oben Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Priority Organizations for Innovation and Excellence Kumamoto University Kurokami Japan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Pan African University/University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agronomy and Applied Molecular Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

The present work assesses the trace metal content in groundwater from Akwa-Mundemba, Bakassi Peninsular in Cameroon. 12 groundwater samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy ICP-MS. Field measurement of physicochemical parameters was determined. R-mode statistical analysis;Pearson’s Correlation Analysis (PCA) together with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) between the trace metals and the physico-chemical parameters was carried out. Ten indices were determined: Four trace metal hazard indices;the average daily dose ADD (2.5E—07 to 0.2)) carcinogenic risks CR (2.1E—06 to 9.9E—04) and the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient HQ (5.7E—04 to 0.78) which yields the hazard indices HI (0.1 - 0.78), and six trace metal pollution indices;Degree of contamination DC (—13.53 to —11.02), Enrichment factor EF (0.26 - 35.47), Ecological risk factor Er (—29.92 - 7.04), Potential ecological risk index RI (-61.2-43.43), Pollution load index PLI (—0.01 - 0.04) and Geo-accumulation index Igeo (4.8E-09-3.0). From health risk indices and pollution evaluation indices on trace metals, the groundwater in Akwa-Mundemba area is safe for drinking. The enrichment factors show that the sources of the trace metals are from geogenic and anthropogenic processes. Arsenic, Lead and Vanadium are enriched although they are below the hazard risk values;this shows they have pollution potential that could be attributed to weathering and agricultural wastes. The severity of metal toxicity is governed by several factors, such as dose, nutrition, age, and even life style. Therefore, these low trends might not guarantee the complete absence of human health risks. Generally, from risk assessment on trace metals using risk indices in the analyzed groundwater samples might not cause any health risk. However, due to an increasing level of environmental pollution that might be imposed by increasing human activity in this area, ground

关键词： Trace-Metals Pollution Indices Hazard Indices Bakassi-Peninsular Rio-del-Rey Cameroun

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