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Crustal Structure and Seismogenic Zone of Cameroon: Integrated Seismic, Geological and Geophysical Data

Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2014年第4期3卷 152-161页

作者： Eloumala O. P. Noel Mouzong Pemi marcelin Ateba Bekoa Civil Engineering Department University Institute of Technology (IUT) Douala Cameroon Physics Department Sciences Faculty University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Antenna of Geophysics and Volcanology Researches (ARGV) Buea Cameroon

This study describes the seismo-tectonic evolution of Cameroon. It is noticed that seismic activity is largely related to the Cameroon volcanic line (CVL) and many of the tectonic phenomena follow the previous structural lines. Although the area is that of a relatively low seismicity, the effects of a given earthquake could be considerable. This study combines seismic records, from 1952 to 2002 and from 2005 to 2007, with the integration of existing structural information to better define the seismogenic zones. An important identified cluster of epicenters in S-W defines the first seismic source region where events’ characteristics show a weak seismicity related to volcanic activity. The second seismogenic zone, in the north of Mount Cameroon volcano, illustrates the activity of Central Cameroon Shear Zone (CCSZ) faults;its seismicity is considered weak to moderate with maximum magnitude recorded which is 5.1 Mb. The area of “Sanaga Shear Zone” (SSZ) constitutes the third seismic source region with moderate seismicity in which maximum magnitude recorded is 5.8 Mb;Depth of its faults segments is evaluated at 33 km. The fourth Source Region follows the North boundary of Congo Craton;a characteristic event with magnitude of 6 M allows evaluating fault depth at 33 km. Also three zones define crustal structure: the South Domain with thick crust, the Center Domain characterized by thin crust, active tectonic and volcanic structures and the north domain with shallow Moho.

关键词： Seismogenic Zones Source Shear Zone Crustal Structure

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A Public Health Model and Framework to Mitigate the Impact of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第1期4卷 27-37页

作者： Dickson Shey Nsagha Ngowe Ngowe marcelin Jules Clement Nguedia Assob Anna Longdoh Njundah Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

UNICEF, UNAIDS and USAID developed a global strategic framework to guide responses to care and protect orphans and other vulnerable children in the context of HIV/AIDS. In the developing world, about 132 million people have lost one or both parents due to the AIDS pandemic and 25 million children have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS in 2010. The HIV prevalence in Cameroon is estimated at 5.1%. As of 2010, there were 304,000 deaths due to AIDS in Cameroon. Out of 1,200,000 orphans and vulnerable children in Cameroon in 2010, 300,000 were AIDS orphans. The HIV/AIDS burden impacts child survival, growth and development in the traditional African setting. With so many orphans in the population, along with many vulnerable children, strategies must be developed to respond more effectively to their critical needs. This study provides a model for OVC care and support in Cameroon. The model was developed out of extensive work using a participatory approach involving traditional, administrative and health stakeholders on OVC in Yaounde I and Yaounde VI Councils, Nanga Eboko Health District, Isangelle, Ekondo Titi, and Bafaka-Balue communities in Cameroon. Consultancy services with PLAN Cameroon, the Pan African Institute for Development-West Africa coupled with facilitation of many training workshops on OVC with Save the orphans Foundation, the Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Public Health and working with the National AIDS Control Committee. The essential components of a holistic framework for the care of OVC have been identified. A public health model for the care of OVC and a mechanism for their identification and a referral system for testing OVC for HIV are proposed. Through this model, a mechanism for the effective holistic care of OVC and collaboration is enhanced.

关键词： Orphans Vulnerable Children HIV AIDS Public Health Model Cameroon

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Aeromagnetic Data Modeling for Geological and Structural Mappings over the DJADOM-ETA Area, in the Southeastern Cameroon

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International Journal of Geosciences 2018年第6期9卷 354-370页

作者： Justine Yandjimain Théophile Ndougsa-Mbarga marcelin Bikoro Bi-Alou Arsène Meying Postgraduate School of Sciences Technologies & Geosciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Physics Advanced Teacher’s Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Applied Geophysics Geology and Mining Exploitation College University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon

The DJADOM-ETA area is in south-eastern of Cameroon, within the Congo Craton (CC) formations and composed of gneiss and amphibolite, migmatites and intrusive rocks. Few geophysical studies have been carried out over surrounding areas, but no investigation on the study area. The existence of aeromagnetic data covering the study area has motivated the application of a multiscale approach for tectonic features identification. The aim of this work is to interpret Aeromagnetic Data for Geological and Structural Mappings in the southeastern Cameroon. The GIS and GEOSOFT v8.4 softwares are used to treat data of Compagnie Minière du Cameroun getting in February 2012. The Tilt Angle method is used to delineate geological structures and to estimate the depth. The Euler’s Deconvolution method is used to estimate the specific depth of structural contacts. The presence of bifurcations, accompanied by virgations, leading to the occurrence of several faults. Principal lineaments are determined with the main direction being ESE-WNW and E-W for the minor lineaments. The study highlights two major faults: ESE-WNW and ENE-WSW, where the former dominates, what could be called the geological accident of ETA. The Euler’s Correlation and Tilt derivative contact map shows that most of the faults are vertical contacts. The geometrical description of this structure suggests an open synclinal transposed on vertical foliations: the major fault at the DJADOM axis is quasi-parallel to the Northern limit of the CC and parallel to the Sanaga Fault (SF) and the Central Cameroon Shear Zone (CCSZ). The features show a base strongly affected by tectonic which characterizes the transition between the zone from the CC and the belt from folds of the Pan-African. Also, the presence of the network characterizes the subsurface undulation in this study area: the intrusion of sandstone ochre quartz and schist of the Bek complex, the dolerite of the doleritic complex, and the silver micaschiste and ore quartzi

关键词： Tilt-Angle Euler Deconvolution Lineaments Djadom Fault

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A Semi-Vectorial Morphological Segmentation Multi-Component Images of Coumarins on Thin Layer Combined with Laser for Better Separation

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第6期12卷 1054-1068页

作者： Theodore Guié Toa Bi marcelin Sandjé Régnima G. Oscar Sie Ouattara Alain Clement UFR Science and Technology University of Man Man Ivory Coast Laboratory of Communication and Information Science and Technology (LSTCI) National Polytechnic Institute Houphou&#235 t Boigny Yamoussoukro C&ocirc te d’Ivoire University Institute of Technology of Angers (IUT) Angers France

In this work, we propose an approach for the separation of coumarins from thin-layer morphological segmentation based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating different types of coumarins. The first step is to make a segmentation by region, by thresholding, by contour, etc. of each component of the digital image. Then, we proceeded to the calculations of parameters of the regions such as the color standard deviation, the color entropy, the average color of the pixels, the eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. The mean color values atR = 91.20 in red, atB = 213.21 in blue showed the presence of samidin in the extract. The color entropy values HG = 5.25 in green and HB = 4.04 in blue also show the presence of visnadine in the leaves of Desmodium adscendens. These values are used to consolidate the database of separation and discrimination of the types of coumarins. The relevance of our coumarin separation or coumarin recognition method has been highlighted compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two coumarins having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method is proven with respect to the separation and identification of some coumarins, in particular samidin and anglicine.

关键词： Identification Thin Layer Secondary Metabolites Coumarins Image Acquisition Segmentation Standard Deviation Entropy Average Color Algorithm Matlab

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Socio-Demographic Profiles of Naive HIV Pregnant Women and Retention to the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Interventions in the East Region of Cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第1期10卷 36-45页

作者： Ottop F. Manyi Assob N. Jules Clement Mbu R. Enow Ngowe N. marcelin Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Family Health Ministry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: At enrolment into antenatal care, socio-demographic data of HIV infected pregnant women and lactating mothers are usually collected with little or no analysis done on them. This study was aimed to describe the socio-demographic profiles of naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART) HIV-infected pregnant women in the East region of Cameroon and to link this to retention in order to optimize the implementation of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions. Methods: A descriptive prospective study that lasted from February 2018 until February 2019 in three catchment health facilities in the East region for the recruitment and follow-up of participants who were consented HIV-infected pregnant women naive to ART. Socio-demographic, treatment compliance and adherence data were obtained by healthcare providers who were trained using a standard questionnaire that was conceived, tested and adapted for the study. Data were analyzed using Graph Prism (Graph pad 6.0, San Diego, USA). The Fisher exact and Chi-squared tests were used to establish the associations and independence between different variables at statistical significance level of p Results: A total of seventy (70) women were enrolled with age range varying between 15 and 40 years with a mean age of 26.5 ± 6.2 years. Loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) was observed among 17 women (24.29%). The Muslim religion, education below secondary level and the profession of housewife were significantly associated with LTFU at p = 0.01, p p = 0.0053, respectively. For participants who were retained until study endpoint, having secondary level of education or above and a profession other than housewife had a significant association (p = 0.0063), as well as being a Christian. Conclusion: Loss to follow-up in PMTCT program was associated with Muslim religion, primary level of education and the housewife occupation.

关键词： Pregnant Women Intervention Profile Education Religion

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Inferring the Subsurface Basement Depth and the Contact Locations from Aeromagnetic Data over Loum-Minta Area (Centre-East Cameroon)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2018年第7期9卷 435-459页

作者： Jean Aimé Mono Theophile Ndougsa-Mbarga marcelin Bikoro Bi-Alou Jean Daniel Ngoh Olivier Ulrich Owono Postgraduate School of Sciences Technologies & Geosciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Basical Sciences Teaching Department of Advanced Technical Teacher Training School University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Physics Advanced Teacher’s Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

The present study aims to estimate the basement depth and contact locations, deduced from the available aeromagnetic data. The total intensity aeromagnetic (TMI) map was first corrected by the application of the reduction to equator technique. Different edge detection processes, for example, tilt angle derivative (TDR) and its total horizontal derivative (HD_TDR) as well as 3D-Euler deconvolution can determine the edges of these sources. These techniques were carried out on the aeromagnetic data of Minta region (the study area). A correlation was noticed between these techniques indicating that both of them can be attributed in delineating the general structural framework of the area. The aeromagnetic data analysis enables to highlight many deeply-seated structural features trending in the E-W, ENE-WSW and NE-SW directions in this region. The E-W trend is more strongly developed than the other identified trends. Moreover that, two depth methods were applied: analytic signal (AS) and source parameter imaging (SPI). They reflected similar results for estimating the basement depths. From both of them the depth ranges from 150 to 2800 m. Five methods (TDR, HD_TDR, 3D-Euler deconvolution, AS and SPI) for locating magnetic sources indicated that the depth of the basement rocks ranged between 150 and 3000 m as the average range. Also, the comparative study among the 2D magnetic modeling was established by one profile constructing.

关键词： Power Spectrum Multiscale Analysis (THDR_TDR AS) Euler Deconvolution SPI Basement

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Identification and Characterization of Risk Factors Linked to the Bacteriological Contamination of Street Foods: Case of Porridge Made from Rice Sold in the City of Bangui, Central African Republic

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Health 2020年第12期12卷 1620-1631页

作者： Ernest Lango-Yaya Freddy marcelin Agboko Romaric LeBon Bondom Marinette Saravolia Stéphanie Judith N’yetobouko Oscar Sezongo Donatien Clotaire Rafai National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Ministry of Health and Public Population Bangui Central African Republic

Traditional ready-to-eat food products are topical in Central African Republic They are sold in most cases on the roadside and present a variety of productions including the porridge made from cereal derivatives (Peanut and Rice), commonly called “potato” These foods are sold under precarious hygienic conditions, which constitute a major public health risk for consumers, especially children under five and vulnerable people. It is in this context that a study was carried out in eight districts of the city of Bangui on porridge made from rice and peanuts in order to assess the levels and risks of contamination of these foods. The results obtained showed that this activity is performed most often by women between the ages of 20 and 29. Of these, 17.85% have never been to school;44.64% have a level of primary school. The results of the microbiological analysis carried out revealed a strong proliferation of germs indicators of faecal contamination, hygiene indicators in different points of sale, the average content of the contamination of aerobic mesophilic flora, fecal coliforms, total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus are respectively 4.33 × 103, 1.845 × 103 and 1.508 × 103 CFU. No presence of Salmonella and Shigella was observed. The various stages of porridge production until sale requires the application of hygiene rules in order to avoid intoxication and toxi-infection of consumers.

关键词： Porridge Bacteria Rice Peanut CAR

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New Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extract from Talipariti elatum （Sw.）

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第8期5卷 489-496页

作者： Jose Gonzailez Armando Cue11ar Loik Sylvius Frederic Verdeau Frantz Francois Haugrin Juliette Smith-Ravin Odile marcelin Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy and Foods Havana University Havana 10400 Cuba Laboratory Biospheres of FWI University (UA) Faculty of Technolog Martinica 97220 France ARVARNAM Martinica 97220 France

Genus Talipariti has long history of use in various traditional medicine therapeutic applications in Cuba, especially intreatment of bronchial asthma and flu. Petals of genus Talipariti are rich source of secondary metabolites and most of these metabolitesare reported to possess expectorant, antasthmatic, appetitive, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Hence, in our study, we present avalidated, sensitive, reliable, and cheap narrow-bore UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS coupled to PDA （photodiode array detectors） methodfor the simultaneous isolation and identification of flavonoids and their glycosidic derivatives in this flower drug. In addition, abouttwelve compounds were identified in this specie based on chromatography retention time （tR）, UV and MS/MS spectra and comparedwith those of isolated authentic compound and literature data. About eighth constituents were reported for the first time from Taliparitielatum. Our results demonstrated the developed method could be employed as a rapid and versatile analytical technique foridentification of chemical constituents and quality control of Talipariti elatum.

关键词： UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, flavonoids, petals, chemical-compounds, talipariti.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Emergencies in Two Hospitals in Douala (Cameroon)

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Surgical Science 2021年第6期12卷 174-186页

作者： Jean Paul Engbang Basile Essola Thomas Jim-Kevin Moukoury Christian Beugheum Chasim Gertrude Massom Toumaleu Mathieu Motah marcelin Ngowe Ngowe Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University de Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) surgical emergencies represent a significant amount within surgical pathologies, in Africa and throughout the world. Our study was aimed to assess the etiological, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of GIT surgical emergencies in patients from two hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Patients and Method: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019, including 203 patients of all ages and both sexes who presented with a GIT surgical emergency in any clinical form, and who underwent surgery within one of our hospitals. We collected patients’ parameters through a survey, from complete history to clinical examination, then followed them up from surgery to post-operative time. Gathered information was analyzed by IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23.0 software version. Results: GIT surgical emergencies accounted for 27.5% of all surgical emergencies. Our target population included 55.2% (n = 112) of men, and 44.8% (n = 91) of women, observing a sex-ratio of 1.23. The mean age of the patients was 36.3 ± 17.1 years, with extreme values of 6 months and 86 years. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, vomiting and lack of bowel movement or gas pass, were the main associated symptoms in 27.6% and 16.7% of cases, respectively. Etiologically, leading pathologies were intestinal obstruction (32.0%, 64 cases), acute appendicitis (24.6%, 50 cases), then came peritononitis and abdominal trauma with respectively 22.7% (46 cases) and 21.7% (43 cases). Most patients underwent surgery within 24 hour. Laparotomy was the primary method used in 90.6%, and laparoscopy (9.4%). Post-operative suture breakage and parietal suppuration were the most common complications post-operatively. Totally, the overall morbidity and mortality rates were respectively 8.9% and 0.98% among our patients. Conclusion: Acute surgical abdomens occupy an impor

关键词： Emergency Digestive Surgery Etiologies Management Douala (Cameroon)

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Combined Geoelectrical Approach DC and IP Methods in the Identification of the Mineralized Bodies Parallel to the NE-SW Tectonic Line of Kadei River: Case of Quartz or Pegmatite Gold Bearing Veins of Ngoura Subdivision (East Cameroon)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第7期7卷 891-903页

作者： Daniel Hervé Gouet Stéphane Patrick Assembe Arsène Meying marcelin Bikoro Bialou Josué Kalaza Haskandi Théophile Ndougsa-Mbarga Department of Petroleum and Gas Explorations Institute of Mines and Petroleum Industries University of Maroua Maroua Cameroun Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Applied Geophysics Geology and Mining Exploitation College University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroun Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Physics Advanced Teacher’s Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

A geophysical investigation of subsurface structures using the Syscal Junior 48 resistivity-meter was conducted in Ngoura subdivision (East Cameroon) following a combined geoelectrical direct current (DC) approach involving Resistivity and IP methods. This investigation was allowed to collect data on forty-five (45) profiling lines at three acquisition levels (AB = 100 m, MN = 10 m;AB = 200 m, MN = 20 m and AB = 500 m, MN = 50 m) and two electric panels L1 and L4, using the Schlumberger array. Processing, modeling and interpretation of data collected using the Winsev, Res2Dinv and Surfer software helped in highlighting a conductive and strongly mineralized discontinuity in granite formations, which lined up with the NE-SW Kadei tectonic line. It extends beyond 100 m depth over an average width of 600 m. The mineralization associated with this discontinuity is identified by a high concentration of disseminated metalliferous minerals in quartz or pegmatite veins. The mining reconnaissance works in the study area and those of several authors have characterized this anomaly to a lode gold quartz or large pegmatite. The results of this study correlate with geological and tectonic data for the region marked by NE-SW Kadei tectonic line. Therefore, they confirm the reliability of a geoelectrical DC investigation method combining Resistivity and IP to the identification of ore bodies.

关键词： Geoelectrical Investigation Direct Current IP Method Resistivity NE-SW Tectonic Line Mineralized Body Conductive Area

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