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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

High Power Laser science and engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： e.A.Vishnyakov A.sagisaka K.Ogura T.Zh.esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo c.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz s.A.Pikuz W.Yan T.M.Jeong s.singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla c.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.sasorov s.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo s.V.Bulanov T.Kawachi A.s.Pirozhkov eLI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon science(KPsI) QSTKyotoJapan central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina collaborative Innovation center of IFsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics AscR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics AscR PragueCzech Republic czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine IsTeQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.sanders Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMc)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

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spherical Functions on Fuzzy Lie Group

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 185-195页

作者： Murphy e. egwe samuel s. sangodele Department of Mathematics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Let G be a locally compact Lie group and its Lie algebra. We consider a fuzzy analogue of G, denoted by called a fuzzy Lie group. spherical functions on are constructed and a version of the existence result of the Hel... 详细信息

关键词： Fuzzy spherical Function Fuzzy Lie Group Fuzzy Manifolds

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commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among ***"

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 127-129页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth school of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

In their study,association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with body fat among ***,Liao et al.^(1) analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Health and examination survey to examine associations between h/day sitting,meeting (or not meeting) the *** Activity Guidelines of≥150 min/week of moderate-and vigorous-intensity LTPA,and combinations of sitting time and LTPA on totaland trunk percent body fat (BF%).

关键词： U.s. adult among

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Detection and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease: leading with illusive chemical, structural and morphological features of the targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 497-498页

作者： Luís Gales i3s−Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em saúde Rua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal(Gales L)IBMC−Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoRua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal IcBAs−Instituto de ciências Biomédicas Abel salazar Rua de Jorge Viterbo FerreiraPortoPortugal

Highly specific interactions between biomolecules,such as antigen-antibody,protein-ligand,or nucleic acid base pair complementary are on the basis of the organization of complex *** same principles may be tentatively used in molecular medicine for diagnosis and therapeutics.A molecule can be designed to selectively bind a protease and thereby inhibit the production of a peptide that forms toxic aggregates in the brain or an antibody may be produced to bind specifically to that peptide for detection or clearance ***,interference in biological systems is not that *** a start there is the inhibition of the physiological role of the protease;moreover,several cleavage fragments may be produced,which may continue to diverge due to putative post-translational modification and self-assembly processes,hiding the toxic target in a“soup”of peptide species varying in size,structure and chemical composition.A perspective of the current status and challenges in targeting peptide species for diagnosis and treatment in the context of Alzheimer’s disease is given.

关键词： Alzheimer diagnosis thereby

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Fetal lung growth predicts the risk for early-life respiratory infections and childhood asthma

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 481-495页

作者： Dimitra e.Zazara Olympia Giannou steven schepanski Mirja Pagenkemper Anastasios D.Giannou Maike Pincus Ioannis Belios stefan Bonn Ania c.Muntau Kurt Hecher Anke Diemert Petra clara Arck Division for experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Fetal MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)Martinistraße 5220251HamburgGermany University children’s Hospital UKEHamburgGermany computer engineering and Informatics Department Polytechnic SchoolUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg(ZMNH)UKEHamburgGermany Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine UKEHamburgGermany Department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUKEHamburgGermany section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology Ⅰ.Department of MedicineUKEHamburgGermany Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice BerlinGermany Institute of Medical systems Biology ZMNHUKEHamburgGermany Hamburg center for Translational Immunology UKEHamburgGermany

Background early-life respiratory infections and asthma are major health burdens during *** predicting an increased risk for early-life respiratory diseases are ***,we identified the predictive value of ultrasound-monitored fetal lung growth for the risk of early-life respiratory infections and *** Fetal lung size was serially assessed at standardized time points by transabdominal ultrasound in pregnant women participating in a pregnancy *** between fetal lung growth and respiratory infections in infancy or early-onset asthma at five years were ***-learning models relying on extreme gradient boosting regressor or classifier algorithms were developed to predict respiratory infection or asthma risk based on fetal lung *** model development and validation,study participants were randomly divided into a training and a testing group,respectively,by the employed *** enhanced fetal lung growth throughout pregnancy predicted a lower early-life respiratory infection *** sex was associated with a higher risk for respiratory infections in *** lung growth could also predict the risk of asthma at five years of *** designed three machine-learning models to predict the risk and number of infections in infancy as well as the risk of early-onset *** models’R2 values were 0.92,0.90 and 0.93,respectively,underscoring a high accuracy and agreement between the actual and predicted *** variables included known risk factors and novel predictors,such as ultrasound-monitored fetal lung *** sonographic monitoring of fetal lung growth allows to predict the risk for early-life respiratory infections and asthma.

关键词： Asthma child risk early-life respiratory infections Prenatal lung development sexual dimorphism

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climate refugia along Lake superior’s shores:disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate warming

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Journal of Plant ecology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashley Hillman scott e.Nielsen Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

climate refugia can serve as a remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate *** largest freshwater lake by surface area,Lake superior,UsA and canada,serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia,as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since ***,we seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake superior’s shores,and assess future risk to refugia under moderate(+3.5℃)and warmest(+5.7℃)climate warming ***,we examined how the interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures,resulting in areas of cooler ***,we developed an ecological niche model for the presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia(pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species)along the lake’s ***,we fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia ***,we used the two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in the presence of refugia and disjunct *** type,elevation above water,inland distance,July land surface temperature from MODIs/Terra satellite and near-shore depth of water were the best predictors of disjunct ***,we predicted 2236 km of the shoreline(51%)as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions,but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate(894 km)and warmest(313 km)climate change projections.

关键词： climate refugia disjunct populations lake effect Lake superior species distribution models

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Litterfall production modeling based on climatic variables and nutrient return from stands of eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 26-36页

作者： Andrés Baietto Andrés Hirigoyen Jorge Hernández Amabelia del Pino Forest Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the Republic12900 MontevideoUruguay National Research Program of Forest Production National Agriculture Research InstituteINIA97000 TacuarembóUruguay soil and Water Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the Republic12900 MontevideoUruguay

Native grasslands in the Pampas of south America are increasingly being replaced by eucalyptus and Pinus *** short rotation regimes used for the stands require high nutrient levels,with litterfall being a major source of nutrient *** model the litterfall production using climatic variables and assess the nutrient return in 14-year-old eucalyptus grandis and Pinus taeda stands,we measured litter production over 2 years,using conical litter traps,and monitored climatic *** temperature,accumulated precipitation,and mean maximum vapor pres-sure deficit at the seasonal level influenced litterfall produc-tion by ***;seasonal accumulated precipitation and mean maximum temperature affected litterfall by *** regression tree modeling based on these climatic vari-ables had great accuracy and predictive power for ***(N=33;MAe(mean absolute error)=0.65;RMse(root mean square error)=0.91;R^(2)=0.71)and ***(N=108;MAe=1.50;RMse=1.59;R^(2)=0.72).The nutrient return followed a similar pattern to litterfall deposition,as well as the order of importance of macronutrients(***:ca>N>K>Mg>P;***:N>ca>K>Mg>P)and micronutrients(*** and ***:Mn>Fe>Zn>cu)in both *** study constitutes a first approximation of factors that affect litterfall and nutrient return in these systems.

关键词： Afforestation Litterfall Nutrient recycling climate modeling Myrtaceae Pinaceae

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Highly enhanced UV absorption and light emission of monolayer Ws_(2)through hybridization with Ti_(2)N MXene quantum dots and g-c_(3)N_(4)quantum dots

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Opto-electronic Advances 2024年第6期7卷 31-39页

作者： Anir s.sharbirin Rebekah e.Kong Wendy B.Mato Trang Thu Tran eunji Lee Jolene W.P.Khor Afrizal L.Fadli Jeongyong Kim Department of energy science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMD)are atomically thin semiconductors with promising optoelectronic applications across the visible ***,their intrinsically weak light absorption and the low photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)restrict their performance and potential use,especially in ultraviolet(UV)wavelength light *** dots(QD)derived from 2D materials(2D/QD)provide efficient light absorption and emission of which energy can be tuned for desirable light *** this study,we greatly enhanced the photon absorption and PLQY of monolayer(1L)tungsten disulfide(Ws_(2))in the UV range via hybridization with 2D/QD,particularly titanium nitride MXene QD(Ti_(2)N MQD)and graphitic carbon nitride QD(GcNQD).With the hybridization of MQD or GcNQD,1LWs_(2)showed a maximum PL enhancement by 15 times with 300 nm wavelength excitation,while no noticeable enhancement was observed when the excitation photon energy was less than the bandgap of the QD,indicating that UV absorption by the QD played a crucial role in enhancing the light emission of 1L-Ws_(2)in our 0D/2D hybrid *** findings present a convenient method for enhancing the photo-response of 1L-Ws_(2)to UV light and offer exciting possibilities for harvesting UV energy using 1L-TMD.

关键词： monolayer TMD Ws_(2) 2D-derived quantum dots UV absorption energy transfer

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exploring the genetic control of sweat gland characteristics in beef cattle for enhanced heat tolerance

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1820-1831页

作者： Aakilah s.Hernandez Gabriel A.Zayas eduardo e.Rodriguez Kaitlyn M.sarlo Davila Fahad Rafiq Andrea N.Nunez cristiane Goncalves Titto Raluca G.Mateescu Department of Animal science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Animal sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA. Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit National Animal Disease CentersUnited States Department of Agriculture1920 Dayton AvenueAmesIA 50010USA. Department of Animal science Iowa StateAmesIAUSA school of Animal sciences and Food engineering University of Sao PauloAv Duque de Caxias Norte 225PirassunungaSao Paulo 13635‑900Brazil

Background Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around$369 million being lost annually due to reduced *** stre.s.causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production *** utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal *** in these traits can help identify genetic variants that control sweat gland properties and subsequently allow for genetic selection of cattle with greater *** This study used 2,401 Brangus cattle from two commercial ranches in *** phenotypes that contribute to an animal's ability to manage heat stress were calculated from skin biopsies and included sweat gland area,sweat gland depth,and sweat gland *** animals were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250K,and BLUPF90 software was used to estimate genetic parameters and for Genome Wide Association *** sweat gland phenotypes heritability ranged from 0.17 to 0.42 indicating a moderate amount of the phenotypic variation is due to genetics,allowing producers the ability to select for favorable sweat gland properties.A weighted single-step GWAs using sliding 10 kb windows identified multiple quantitative trait loci(QTLs)explaining a significant amount of genetic *** located on BTA7 and BTA12 explained over 1.0%of genetic variance and overlap the ADGRV1 and ccDc168 genes,*** variants identified in this study are implicated in processes related to immune function and cellular proliferation which could be relevant to heat *** of Origin Alleles(BOA)were predicted using local ancestry in admixed populations(LAMP-LD),allowing for identification of markers'origin from either Brahman or Angus ancestry.A BOA GWAs was performed to identify regions inherited from particular ancestral breeds that might have a significant impact on sweat gland pheno

关键词： GWAs Heritability skin Thermotolerance

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