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Brief History of Chinese Medicine in France

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2018年第3期1卷 103-107页

作者： marc Mezard European University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Vietnamese Institute of Traditional Medicine

In the 17th century,Chinese medicine appeared in France;since then,it never stopped evolving and is applied by French ***,acupuncture is widely used in clinic treatment in France.

关键词： Chinese acupuncture Chinese medicine France

3D topological relationships of landforms and their spatial schema-based representation

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第4期16卷 238-246页

作者： marc-O.LÖWNER Institute for Geodesy and Photogrammetry Technische Universität BraunschweigPockelsstraβe 330106 BraunschweigGermany

The science of geomorphology works on natural 3D *** includes the change of landforms as well as the processes causing these *** transport processes lead to a composition of a geomorphic system that follows a certain spatial *** analysis of 3D topological relations of landforms can help to investigate geomorphic systems in two ***,chronological order of geomorphic genesis can be derived and,second,indications of material source can be ***,at least some 3D geometric information is needed if topology is supposed to be derived and *** cannot simply be reconstructed by surface *** capture is a major problem when buried features are under *** information is gathered by drillings or geophysical methods that reveal point or line ***,the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema does not offer a valid representation of 3D geometry from sparse data,either by aggregating a surface and one or few points or by aggregating a surface and a ***,we discuss the possibilities for the analysis of chronological order of landform genesis and material dependencies that arise from applying 3D topological relationships to geomorphic system *** show five relationships that are able to be observed in ***,we introduce a new class for the representation of 3D objects with under-specified geometry.A_UG_Solid mediates between the Spatial Schema’s geometric primitives with a dimension less than three on the one side and a GM_Solid on the other *** to aggregate such a_UG_Solid are *** introduction of a_UG_Solid facilitates the application of 3D topological concepts to geometric objects that are known to be volumetric but have to be modeled from sparse data.

关键词： 3D Topology geomorphology landform ISO 19107 spatial schema under-specified geometries

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与前列腺癌长期共存

环球科学 2024年第17期 54-59页

作者：马克·B.加尼克安君(翻译) 美国哈佛大学医学院贝斯·以色列女执事医疗中心(BIDMC) 不详

长期以来,如何诊断和治疗前列腺癌一直是医疗界备受争论的难题,至今尚无定论。其中一个典型的案例是前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)检测。这是一种血液检查,能检测指示性蛋白PSA的水平,可用于没有临床症状的前列腺癌... 详细信息

长期以来,如何诊断和治疗前列腺癌一直是医疗界备受争论的难题,至今尚无定论。其中一个典型的案例是前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)检测。这是一种血液检查,能检测指示性蛋白PSA的水平,可用于没有临床症状的前列腺癌患者的早期筛查。

关键词：早期筛查医疗界前列腺特异性抗原前列腺癌血液检查指示性临床症状 PSA

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术在临床微生物鉴定中的应用

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中华检验医学杂志 2015年第1期38卷 64-66页

作者： marc.van Nuenen Kirk Doing 顾兵 Alex van Belkum Mass Spectrometry Institut Merieux Clinical Affairs Durham Institut Merieux 南京医科大学第一附属医院检验学部 R&D Microbiology Institut Merieux

近年来，基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术（MALDI—TOF—MS）已从物理实验室走进临床微生物实验室，用于微生物的鉴定，正逐步取代由Pasteur和Koch建立的基于细菌表型的传统鉴定方法。许多欧洲微生物实验室目前正在使用MALDI-TOF... 详细信息

近年来，基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术（MALDI—TOF—MS）已从物理实验室走进临床微生物实验室，用于微生物的鉴定，正逐步取代由Pasteur和Koch建立的基于细菌表型的传统鉴定方法。许多欧洲微生物实验室目前正在使用MALDI-TOF-MS，大大提高了工作效率。鉴于美国食品药品管理局已经批准其用于体外诊断，MALDI-TOF-MS将很快在美国普及应用。这也将进一步推动了质谱技术在微生物药敏和流行学分型中的发展和应用。本文综述了MALDI—TOF—MS在临床微生物实验室的应用现状，并通过多中心临床试验结果，比较不同MALDI—TOF-MS仪器获得的诊断数据，重点阐述其在临床微生物领域的相关研究和应用。

关键词：光谱法质量基质辅助激光解吸电离微生物学技术

Embankment dam foundation analysis for the decrease of internal erosion likelihood

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012年第4期6卷 431-436页

作者： marc SMITH Hydro Québec 75 René-LévesqueWest MontrealCanada

A zoned embankment dam is founded on clay underlain by a sand *** seepage phenomena were noticed in the foundation downstream from the dam where the vertical seepage forces in the sand layer were expected to exceed the downward forces due to the overlying *** technologies were applied to delineate critical zones to help design optimal rehabilitation measures.A global electromagnetic survey was carried out to detect and map the main sources,pathways and exits of *** on these global findings,a more detailed analysis was then conducted to identify zones where thickness of the foundation clay is minimal,pore pressures in sand are higher and thus where the factor of safety against uplift is lower and internal erosion is more likely to *** thickness evaluation required the determination of land surface as well as clay-sand contact elevations.A laser airborne survey was performed to model the land surface *** concerning the clay-sand contact elevation came from the interpreted stratigraphy based on a series of boreholes and cone penetration *** data was combined in a geostatistical model along with the measured piezometric levels in the *** resulted in a contour map showing factors of safety against uplift over the entire downstream *** use of modern technologies,namely electromagnetic and laser surveys as well as geostatistical tools,was instrumental in defining the limits of an otherwise spread-out problem and to provide an optimal solution,in terms of costs and effectiveness,for the long-term stabilization of the foundation.

关键词： seepage detection geostatistical analysis dam monitoring internal erosion LIDAR survey

PDZ Domain Proteins：＇Dark Matter＇ of the Plant Proteome？

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 933-937页

作者： John Gardiner Robyn Overall Jan marc School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia

PDZ domain proteins in metazoans function in diverse roles, and in conjunction with PDZ domain-binding proteins form macromolecular complexes for signaling at synapses and cell junctions. Bioinformatics approaches using the SMART tool indicate there are only a modest number of Arabidopsis PDZ proteins. However, there are hundreds of proteins predicted to possess PDZ domain-binding motifs, suggesting that there are many PDZ domain proteins not detectable by conventional bioinformatic approaches. Our Scansite analysis of PDZ domain-binding proteins indicates that PDZ domain proteins may play key roles in cytoskeletal organization including actin microfilaments, microtubules, and nuclear cytoskeletal proteins, and in the organization of macromolecular complexes involved in cell-to-cell signaling, transport, and cell wall formation.

关键词： Signal transduction cell morphogenesis cell signaling cell walls cytoskeleton plasmodesmata.

The coexistence of Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) and indigenous hunters in northeastern Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 429-438页

作者： marc DUNN Nereyda ESTRADA Derek A.SMITH Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Honduras Tapir Specialist Group TegucigalpaHonduras

The Baird’s tapir(Tapirus bairdii)is a popular game species throughout Central America,particularly among in-digenous populations,and is currently *** on Miskitu hunting was conducted over 4 months in a remote region in northeastern Honduras that overlaps with the Río Plátano Biosphere *** hunting zone was mapped together with hunters and interviews were conducted with elders and other community mem-bers about tapir *** show that tapir harvesting is targeted toward specific habitats at specific times of *** rates for one year suggest that tapir hunting in the area exceeds estimates of maximum sustain-able ***,field surveys reveal the presence of tapir within 1 km of the community,and its harvest tends to be nearby,in both forested and agricultural landscapes,suggesting that the animal has not been depleted in the *** appears that the existence of forest areas adjacent to the hunting zone that do not experi-ence hunting,together with the anthropogenic habitats created through shifting cultivation,are factors that help explain the presence of tapirs in the *** article concludes with a discussion regarding the potential posi-tive role of indigenous hunters in tapir conservation throughout its distribution range.

关键词： Baird’s tapir Honduras indigenous hunting Miskitu Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester modifies the Thl/Th2 balance in ileal mucosa afterγ-irradiation in the rat by modulating the cytokine pattern

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第31期12卷 4996-5004页

作者： Olivier Grémy marc Benderitter Christine Linard Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear SafetyIRSN BP n°17F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses CedexFrance

AIM： To pharmacologically modulate Th polarization in the ileum exposed to ionizing radiation by using the immuno-modulatory/apoptotic properties of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester （CAPE）. METHODS： Rats received CAPE （30 mg/kg） treatment ip 15 min prior to intestinal 10 Gy γ-irradiation and once a day for a 6 d period alter irradiation. Expression of genes implicated in Th differentiation in ileal mucosa （IL-23/IL-12Rβ2）, Th cytokine responses （IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13）, Th migratory behaviour （CXCR3, CCR5, CCR4）, Th signalling suppressors （SOCS1, SOCS3）, transcription factor （T-Bet, GATA-3） and apoptosis （FasL/Fas, TNF/TNFR, XIAP, Bax, caspase-3） was analyzed by RT-PCR 6 h and 7 d post-irradiation. CD4^＋ and TUNEL positive cells were visualized by immunostaining. RESULTS： The expression of Thl-related cytokine/ chemokine receptors （IFN-γ, IL-2, CXCR3, CCR5） was repressed at 7 d post-irradiation while Th2 cell cytokine/ chemokines （IL-4, IL-13, CCR4） were not repressed or even upregulated. The irradiation-induced Th2 profile was confirmed by the upregulation of both Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 and SOCS3. Although an apoptosis event occurred 6 h alter 10 Gy of intestinal γ-irradiation, apoptotic mediator analysis showed a tendency to apoptotic resistance 7 d post-irradiation. CAPE amplified apoptotic events at 6h and normalized Bax/FasL expressions at 7 d. CONCLUSION： CAPE prevented the ileal Th2 immune response by modulating the irradiation-influenced cytokine environment and apoptosis.

关键词： Intestinal inflammation T cells Irradiation Apoptosis

Acute and persisting Th2-like immune response after fractionated colorectal γ-irradiation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第46期14卷 7075-7085页

作者： Olivier Grémy marc Benderitter Christine Linard Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear safety

AIM： To investigate if an immune imbalance may account for the development and progression of chronic radiation enteritis. We analyzed the Th1/Th2 immune response profile early and 6 mo after fractionated colorectal irradiation. METHODS： A rat model of fractionated colorectal γ-irradiation （4-Gy fractions, 3 fractions per week） was designed to investigate the effects of cumulative dose on inflammatory mediators （cytokines and chemo- kines） and immune response （Th1/Th2 profile and immunosuppressive mediator IL-10） during acute （early） response and 6 mo after the end of fractionated irradiation （chronic response）. Analyses were performed 1 d after the cumulative doses of 16 Gy and 36 Gy and 1 d, 3 d, and 26 wk after the cumulative dose of 52 Gy. RESULTS： Without causing histological damage, fractionated radiation induced elevated expression of IL-1β, TNFα, MCP-1, and iNOS in distal colonic mucosa during the early post-irradiation phase. At that time, a Th2 profile was confirmed by expression of both the Th2- specific transcription factor GATA-3 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 and by suppression of the Thl cytokine IFNγ/IP-10 throughout the irradiation protocol. After 6 mo, despite the 2-fold reduction of iNOS and MCP-1 levels, the Th2 profile persisted, as shown by a 50% reduction in the expression of the Thl transcription factor T-bet, the chemokine receptor CCXCR3, and the IFNγ/ STAT1 pathway. At the same time-point, the immunosuppressive IL-10/STAT3 pathway, known to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance, was expressed, in irradiated rats, at approximately half its level as compared to *** suppression was associated with an overexpression of SOCS3, which inhibits the feedback of the Thl polarization and regulates IL-10 production. CONCLUSION： Colorectal irradiation induces Th2 polarization, defective IL-10/STAT3 pathway activation and SOCS3 overexpression. These changes, in turn, maintain a immunological imbalance that persists in the long term.

关键词： Colorectum Inflammation Th2 cells Irradiation, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 STAT