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Long-term seasonal fluctuations of lepidopteran cereal stemborers and their natural enemies on maize and wild host plants in southern Benin

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Insect Science 2009年第4期16卷 329-341页

作者： Saka Gounou Nanqing Jiang Fritz schulthess International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Biological Control Centre for Africa Cotonou Repubfic of Benin Intemational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi Kenya

The seasonal fluctuation oflepidoptcran cereal stemborers on maize and wild host plants （i.e., grasses and a few sedges） was investigated in southern Benin from 1988 to 1998 by time series analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance （ANOVA）. In addition, a walk-in light trap was used to study the flight behavior of adult moths. On both cereals and grasses, the noctuid Sesamia calaraistis was the predominant species, followed by the pyralid Eldana saccharina. The noctuid Busseolafusca was rare on both maize and wild host plants. In general, pest populations increased during the course of the year to reach peak densities during the second short rainy season, and then crashed to close to zero during the dry season. On wild host plants, egg masses and other immature stages were collected throughout the year but they were higher on wild grasses than maize during the off-season. Thus wild host plants can be considered as refuge for both borers and natural enemies during the off-season, when maize is not available. However, only four out of the eleven wild host species played a discernable role. S. calamistis egg densities appeared to be influenced by density-dependent factors, suggesting an effect of natural enemies. Temperature and rainfall had a negative effect on egg abundance. Larval parasitism by a Kenyan strain of the braconid Cotesia sesamiae, which was released in southern Benin in the early 1990s, and by the tachinid Sturmiopsisparasitica varied between seasons and years but there were no discernable patterns. For both parasitoids and borer host species, parasitism was positively correlated with trap catches of adult moths. The recovery of C. sesamiae during a 2-year period suggests that the parasitoid has established its population in southern Benin.

关键词： climate lepidopteran stemborers maize parasitoids time series analysis wild host plants

Filtering for SNPs with high selective constraint augments mid-parent heterosis predictions in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 166-176页

作者： Abhishek Gogna Jie Zhang Yong Jiang Albert W.schulthess Yusheng Zhao Jochen C.Reif Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) 06466 Stadt SeelandGermany

To extend the contemporary understanding into the grain yield heterosis of wheat, the current study investigated the contribution of deleterious alleles in shaping mid-parent heterosis(MPH). These alleles occur at low frequency in the genome and are often missed by automated genotyping platforms like SNP arrays. The deleterious alleles herein were detected using a quantitative measurement of evolutionary conservation based on the phylogeny of wheat and investigations were made to:(1) assess the benefit of including deleterious alleles into MPH prediction models and(2) understand the genetic underpinnings of deleterious SNPs for grain yield MPH using contrasting crosses viz. elite × elite(Exp. 1) and elite × plant genetic resources(PGR;Exp. 2). In our study, we found a lower allele frequency of moderately deleterious alleles in elites compared to PGRs. This highlights the role of purifying selection for the development of elite wheat cultivars. It was shown that deleterious alleles are informative for MPH prediction models: modelling their additive-by-additive effects in Exp. 1 and dominance as well as associated digenic epistatic effects in Exp. 2 significantly boosts prediction accuracies of MPH. Furthermore,heterotic-quantitative trait loci's underlying MPH was investigated and their properties were contrasted in the two crosses. Conclusively, it was proposed that incomplete dominance of deleterious alleles contributes to grain yield heterosis in elite crosses(Exp. 1).

关键词： Hybrid wheat Genomic evolutionary rate profiling Deleterious SNP Heterotic Quantitative trait loci

Bound and Resonating Multiquark Configurations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 8-12页

作者： Jean-marc Richard Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon Université Claude Bernard(Lyon 1) CNRS-IN2P34 rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance

We review the predictions of quark models for multiquark configurations that are bound or resonant states,and compare different methods for estimating the properties of resonances.

关键词： quark Configuration resonant

Fibre optic distributed scattering sensing system:perspectives and challenges for high performance applications

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第8期28卷 1345-1352页

作者： marc Niklès Omnisens SA Riond-Bosson 3CH-1110 MorgesSwitzerland

As fiber optic distributed scattering sensing systems are providing innovative solutions for the monitoring of large structures,the comparison of different techniques and solutions is difficult because of the lack of standardized specifications and the difficulty associated to the characterization of such *** article presents a tentative definition of performance specifications and qualification procedures applicable to fiber optic distributed sensing systems aiming at providing clear guidelines for their design,specifications,qualification,application and selection.

关键词：纤维光学传感器分布式散射传感系统发展前景应用布里渊散射空间分辨率温度

Computational modelling of gas–liquid–solid multiphase free surface flow with and without evaporation

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 218-235页

作者： Huihuang Xia marc Kamlah Institute for Applied Materials(IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Gas–liquid–solid multiphase systems are ubiquitous in engineering applications,*** printing,spray drying and *** a numerical framework for modelling these multiphase systems is of great *** improved,resolved computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)framework is developed to model the multiphase free surface flow with and without *** improved capillary force model is developed to compute the capillary interactions for partially floating particles at a free *** well-known benchmark cases,namely drag coefficient calculation,the single sphere settling,and drafting-kissing-tumbling of two particles are conducted to validate the resolved CFD-DEM *** turns out that the resolved CFD-DEM model developed in this paper can accurately calculate the fluid–solid interactions and predict the trajectory of solid particles interacting with the liquid *** demonstrations,namely two particles moving along a free surface when the liquid phase evaporates,and particle transport and accumulations inside an evaporating sessile droplet show the performance of the resolved model.

关键词： Capillary force Discrete element method Liquid bridge Particle transport Resolved CFD-DEM Volume of fluid

NON SPURIOUS SPECTRAL-LIKE ELEMENT METHODS FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2007年第3期25卷 282-304页

作者： Gary Cohen marc Duruflé INRIA Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt-BP 10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

In this paper, we give the state of the art for the so called “mixed spectral elements” for Maxwell＇s equations. Several families of elements, such as edge elements and discon-tinuous Galerkin methods （DGM） are presented and discussed. In particular, we show the need of introducing some numerical dissipation terms to avoid spurious modes in these methods. Such terms are classical for DGM but their use for edge element methods is novel approach described in this paper. Finally, numerical experiments show the fast and low-cost character of these elements.

关键词： Maxwell's equations Discontinuous Galerkin methods Edge elements Masslumping.

Precision Measurement of Complex Optics Using a Scanning‑Point Multiwavelength Interferometer Operating in the Visible Domain

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2023年第2期6卷 19-26页

作者： marc Wendel Ametek GmbH/BU Taylor Hobson Rudolf-Diesel-Str.1664331 WeiterstadtGermany

The growing demands of optical systems have led to increasingly complex aspheres and *** this paper,an established measurement system in asphere production,which is also a promising approach in high-precision freeform metrology,is *** is based on a scanning-point multiwavelength interferometer *** scanning principle enables great fexibility,reduces setup time and costs,and has almost no limitations in spherical *** to the absolute measurement capability,the utilized multiwavelength approach is benefcial for segmented,annular,and discrete surfaces,which are common designs of modern applications’optical *** metrology system enables measurements on a nanometer scale on a great variety of apertures—from 1 to 1000 ***,a new short-coherence multiwavelength interferometer operating in the visible domain has been *** enables the high-precision measurement on silicon-coated surfaces,which can be found in space applications and are also commonly used for extreme-ultraviolet(EUV)lithographic setups,which will be used as an example throughout this *** to the large absolute measurement capability,applied grating structures for suppressing infrared light in the EUV process can easily be *** paper summarizes the basic working principles of the proposed metrology system,explains the special requirements for diferent felds of application,highlights the capabilities of the visible multiwavelength approach,and shows the measurement results.

关键词： Multiwavelength interferometer Scanning-point sensor Metrology Short coherence interferometry

An integrated hard- and soft-ware triboelectrochemical test rig for tribocorrosion experiments

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Friction 2015年第3期3卷 256-258页

作者： marc BELLANTONIO TRIBOtechnic 4 rue ValitonF-92110 ClichyFrance

Tribocorrosion is a degradation mechanism resulting from the interaction of mechanical(wear)and chemical(corrosion)*** interaction leads to surface damage that does not correspond to the simple sum of wear and corrosion taken *** tribocorrosion of material pairings thus requires the capability not only to control the mechanical and chemical test parameters but also to identify the relative contribution of corrosion and wear in the overall material *** paper describes a novel laboratory tribocorrosion test set-up combining in one experiment the control of mechanical input(load,velocity,and frequency)and output(friction and wear)parameters as well as the control of corrosion phenomena through a series of dedicated electrochemical methods(open circuit,potentiostatic and potentiodynamic measurements).The possibilities offered by this set-up are illustrated by selected case studies.

关键词： tribocorrosion friction and corrosion tribotechnic

Congenital left ventricular aneurysms and diverticula： an entity in search of an identity

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第12期14卷 750-762页

作者： marc-Alexander Ohlow Heart Center Department of Cardiology Zentralklinik Bad Berka Germany

Congenital left ventricular aneurysm or diverticulum are rare cardiac malformations described in 809 cases since the first description in 1816, being associated with other cardiac, vascular or thoraco-abdominal abnormalities in about 70%. It appears to be a developmental anomaly, starting in the 4th embryonic week. In an experimental study, targeted knockdown of cardiac troponin T in the chick was performed at day 3, after the heart tube has formed. Morpholino treatment of gene TNNT2 at this stage led to the development of left ventricular diver- ticula （LVD） in the primitive left ventricular wall. Diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysms （LVA）/LVD can be made after exclusion of coro- nary artery disease, local or systemic inflammation or traumatic causes as well as cardiomyopathies. Clinically, most of LVA and LVD are asymptomatic or may cause systemic embolization, congestive heart failure, valvular regurgitation, ventricular wall rupture, ventricular tachycardia or sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis is established by imaging studies （echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging or left ventricular angiography） visualizing the structural changes and accompanying abnormalities. Mode of treatment has to be individually tai- lored and depends on clinical presentation, accompanying abnormalities and possible complications, options include surgical resection （espe- cially in symptomatic patients）, anticoagulation after systemic embolization, radiofrequency ablation or implantation of an implantable car- dioverter defibrillator （ICD） in case of symptomatic ventricular tachycardias, and occasionally combined with class I- or III-antiarrhythmic drugs. Cardiac death occurs usually in childhood, is significantly more frequent in LVA patients and caused by congestive heart failure in most of the cases, whereas patients diagnosed with LVD died more frequently from rupture of the LVD.

关键词： Aneurysm Congenital Diverticulum Left ventricular Prognosis Therapy