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Long-term outcomes of interventions for radiation-induced xerostomia:A review

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第1期10卷 1-13页

作者： Sung Jun ma Charlotte I Rivers Lucas m serra Anurag K Singh University at Buffalo The State University of New York Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Radiation medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a significant problem affecting quality of life in patients treated with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Strategies for reduction of xerostomia burden vary widely, with options including: sialagogue medications, saliva substitutes, acupuncture, vitamins, hyperbaric oxygen,submandibular gland transfer, and acupuncture or associated treatments. In this review, we sought to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients treated with various interventions for radiation-induced xerostomia. A literature search was performed using the terms "xerostomia" and "radiation" or "radiotherapy"; all prospective clinical trials were evaluated, and only studies that reported 1 year follow up were included. The search results yielded 2193 studies, 1977 of which were in English. Of those, 304 were clinical trials or clinical studies. After abstract review, 23 trials were included in the review evaluating the following treatment modalities: pilocarpine(three); cevimeline(one); amifostine(eleven);submandibular gland transfer(five); acupuncture like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS)(one); hyperbaric oxygen(one); and acupuncture(one). Pilocarpine, cevimeline, and amifostine have been shown in some studies to improve xerostomia outcomes, at the cost of toxicity. ALTENS has similar efficacy with fewer side effects. Submandibular gland transfer is effective but requires an elective surgery, and thus may not always be appropriate or *** use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, in addition to dose deescalation in select patients, may result in fewer patients with late xerostomia,reducing the need for additional interventions.

关键词： Xerostomia Radiation therapy Radiotherapy Head and neck cancer Quality of life

Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11713-11726页

作者： Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric m Weaver Joy m Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J marc Rhoads Entera Health Inc. NC 27518 United States College of Veterinary medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 United States APC Inc. Ankeny IA 50021 United States APC Europe S.A. Barcelona E-08403 Spain University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston TX 77030 United States

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.

关键词： Immunoglobulins Plasma proteins Inflammation Gut barrier Diarrhea malabsorption Treatment Nutrition

Simple Fabrication and Characterization of Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum matrix Composite for Lightweight Heat Sink Applications

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第4期27卷 714-722页

作者： Hiroki Kurita Emilien Feuillet Thomas Guillemet Jean-marc Heintz Akira Kawasaki Jean-Francois Silvain DEN/DANS/DmN/SRmA/LTmEx CEA SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Institute of Condensed matter Chemistry of Bordeaux BordeauxFrance Department of materials Processing Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku University

The constant increase in power and heat flux densities encountered in electronic devices fuels a rising demand for lightweight heat sink materials with suitable thermal *** this study,discontinuous pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix（Al-CF） composites with aluminum–silicon alloy（Al–Si） were fabricated through hot *** small amount of Al–Si contributed to enhance the sintering process in order to achieve fully dense Al–CF composites.A thermal conductivity and CTE of 258 W/（m K） and 7.0 9 10-6/K in the in-plane direction of the carbon fibers were obtained for a（Al95 vol%＋ Al–Si5 vol%）-CF50 vol%*** fiber provides the reducing of CTE while the conservation of thermal conductivity and weight of *** achieved CTEs satisfy the standard requirements for a heat sink material,which furthermore possess a specific thermal conductivity of 109 W cm3/（m K g）.This simple process allows the low-cost fabrication of Al–CF composite,which is applicable for a lightweight heat sink material.

关键词： Carbon fiber metal-matrix composites(mmCs) Thermal properties Powder processing

Industrial Ecosystems and Food Webs＂ An Ecological-Based mass Flow Analysis to model the Progress of Steel manufacturing in China

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 45-53页

作者： Stephen m. malone marc J. Weissburg Bert Bras George W. Woodruff School of mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 USA School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

materials and energy are transferred between natural and industrial systems, providing a standard that can be used to deduce the interactions between these systems, An examination of these flows is an essen- tial part of the conversation on how industry impacts the environment, We propose that biological sys- tems, which embody sustainability, provide methods and principles that can lead to more useful ways to organize industrial activity, Transposing these biological methods to steel manufacturing is manifested through an efficient use of available materials, waste reduction, and decreased energy demand with cur- rently available technology, In this paper, we use ecological metrics to examine the change in structure and flows of materials in the Chinese steel industry over time by means of a systems-based mass flow analysis, Utilizing available data, the results of our analysis indicate that the Chinese steel manufacturing industry has increased its efficiency and sustainable use of resources over time at the unit process level, However, the appropriate organization of the steel production ecosystem remains a work in progress, Our results suggest that through the intelligent placement of cooperative industries, which can utilize the waste generated from steel manufacturing, the future of the Chinese steel industry can better reflect ecosystem maturity and health while minimizing waste.

关键词： Ecological network analysis mass flow analysis Steel manufacturing

A Short Amino-Terminal Part of Arabidopsis Phytochrome A Induces Constitutive Photomorphogenic Response

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molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 629-641页

作者： Andra＇s Viczia＇n E＇va Ada＇m Iris Wolf Ja＇nos Bindics Stefan Kircher marc Heijde Roman Ulm Eberhard Scha＇fer Ferenc Nagy Institute of Plant Biology Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Temesva＇ri krt. 62. H-6726 Szeged Hungary Biologie II/Institut for Botanik University of Freiburg Freiburg Dermany Department of Botany and Plant Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Centre for Biological Signalling Studies （BIOSS） University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Phytochrome A （phyA） is the dominant photoreceptor of far-red light sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana, phyA accumulates at high levels in the cytoplasm of etiolated seedlings, and light-induced phyA signaling is mediated by a com- plex regulatory network. This includes light- and FHY1/FHL protein-dependent translocation of native phyA into the nucleus in vivo. It has also been shown that a short N-terminal fragment of phyA （PHYA406） is sufficient to phenocopy this highly regulated cellular process in vitro. To test the biological activity of this N-terminal fragment of phyA in planta, we produced transgenic phyA-201 plants expressing the PHYA406-YFP （YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN）-DD, PHYA406- YFP-DD-NLS （nuclear localization signal）, and PHYA406-YFP-DD-NES （nuclear export signal） fusion proteins. Here, we report that PHYA406-YFP-DD is imported into the nucleus and this process is partially light-dependent whereas PHYA406-YFP-DD-NLS and PHYA406-YFP-DD-NES display the expected constitutive localization patterns. Our results show that these truncated phyA proteins are light-stable, they trigger a constitutive photomorphogenic-like response when localized in the nuclei, and neither of them induces proper phyA signaling. We demonstrate that in vitro and in vivo PHYA406 Pfr and Pr bind COP1, a general repressor of photomorphogenesis, and co-localize with it in nuclear bodies. Thus, we conclude that, in planta, the truncated PHYA406 proteins inactivate COP1 in the nuclei in a light-independent fashion.

关键词： Arabidopsis cop phenotype phytochrome A COP1

Overview of the CHILL-ICE 2021 Science Experiments and Research Campaign

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 27-35页

作者： David J.K.Smith Charlotte R.Pouwels marc Heemskerk Benedetta m.Cattani Esther Konijnenberg Robert Heemskerk Sebasthian Ogalde ICEE Space Netherlands Euromoonmars An Initiative of ILEWG(International Lunar Exploration Working GroupThe Netherlands)Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Lunar Zebro Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands Heemskerk Innovative Technology Netherlands

The main objective of the CHILL-ICE(Construction of a Habitat Inside a Lunar-analogue Lava tube—Iceland;a campaign by ICEE Space and Euromoonmars)prototype mission was to deploy an inflatable habitat and its systems inside a lunar analogue lava *** took place during an 8-hour extra vehicular activity(EVA)with three analogue astronauts as part of a threeday ***-ICE 2021 was carried out in July/August 2021 and consisted of two missions and was accomplished through successful collaboration of nonprofit research organizations,agencies,companies,and universities across 16 *** pilot campaign successfully reached its main objective:the testing of emergency equipment designed to help astronauts survive when first arriving to a new celestial body and to perform experiments similar to those that would be carried out *** article is a review of the scientific research experiments carried out during and after the mission:SpotNet,an artificial intelligence(AI)astronaut detection vision system;training for studies of the geological surroundings examined during EVAs;astronaut vigilance experiments carried out before,during,and after the mission;and Lunar Zebro,a legged rover intended to assist the crew in traversing and exploring harsh terrain.

关键词： ICE companies planet

mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第2期16卷 217-224页

作者： Ursula m Gehling marc Willems Kathleen Schlagner Ralf A Benndorf maura Dandri Jrg Petersen martina Sterneck Joerg-matthias Pollok Dieter K Hossfeld Xavier Rogiers Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Surgery University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Department of medicine University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Gent University Hospital and medical School 9000 GentBelgium

AIm:To test the hypothesis that liver cirrhosis is associated with mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. mETHODS:Peripheral blood samples from 72 patients with liver cirrhosis of varying etiology were analyzed by flow *** progenitor cell subsets were immunoselected and used for functional assays in vitro. Plasma levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent ***:Progenitor cells with a CD133 + /CD45 + CD14 + phenotype were observed in 61%of th *** 1%and 26%of the peripheral bloo mononuclear cells(mNCs)displayed this phenotype Furthermore,a distinct population of c-kit + progenito cells(between 1%and 38%of the mNCs)could b detected in 91%of the ***,18% of the patients showed a population of progenito cells(between 1%and 68%of the mNCs)that wa characterized by expression of breast cancer resistanc *** phenotypic analysis disclosed tha the circulating precursors expressed CXC chemokin receptor 4,the receptor for *** line with thi finding,elevated plasma levels of SDF-1 were presen in all patients and were found to correlate with th number of mobilized CD133 + progenitor cells.

关键词： CD133 antigen CD14 antigen c-kit protein Breast cancer resistance protein-1 protein Progenitor cells CXC chemokine receptor 4 Stromal cell-derived factor-1 Liver cirrhosis

Review of Obstetrics and Perinatal Outcome of multiple Pregnancies with Vanishing and Selective Embryo Reduction in an Oocyte Donation Program

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2005年第2期16卷 73-82页

作者： Rodríguez-González m García-Velasco JA Remohí J Pellicer A serra V Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad of Castellón Spain Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad of madrid. Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad of Valencia Spain Departmen of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynaecology Valencia University School of Medicine Spain

To check previous findings of the most common complications among pregnancies with vanishing embryo（VE） in another actual study retropective and in group of patiens with selective embryo reduction （SER） methods We defined vanishing phenomenon as the spontaneous loss of one or more embryos after visualizing heart activity at the first trimester of pregnancy. Selective embryo reduction was performed between 8th-12th pregnancy week, through vaginal punction and aspiration of embryonic mass. Results Vanishing embryo was observed in 86 patients （18.0%）. In 61 patients （70.9%） this phenomenom happened before 9th pregnancy week. The incidence of VE increased with higher number of gestational sacs initially visualized （P〈0.03）. First trimester bleeding was more common among pregnancies with VE than in the control （P〈0.005）. The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension was lower in pregnancies with VE than in the controls （P〈0.03）. In contrast, preterm spontaneous rupture of membranes was higher, although without statistical significance. Gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery and birth weight was similar in the group of VE and the controls （P=NS）. Conclusion All these informations may be useful in counselling patients on the prognosis and outcome of pregnancies achieved by oocyte donation.

关键词： vanishing embryo spontaneous embryo reduction selective embryo reduction outcome

Hepatitis E:Still Waters Run Deep

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 40-47页

作者： moritz von Wulffen Dirk Westhölter marc Lütgehetmann Sven Pischk Department of medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Institute for medical microbiology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg 20246Germany

Hepatitis E is an infectious inflammatory disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis E virus(HEV),a single-stranded RNA ***,it is estimated that there are more than 20 million HEV infections every year,leading to 3.3 million symptomatic cases and more than 56,000 *** a long time it was believed that HEV was a travel-associated disease,endemic in developing countries with poor hygienic standards and unsafe water ***,over the past years,publications have demonstrated that autochthonous HEV infections in industrialized countries are far more common than previously *** for HEV amongst health care practitioners in industrialized countries is still *** relatively rare disease is of great importance,especially in immunocompromised patients where it can cause chronic liver *** article comprehensively reviews current literature to give an overview on clinically important *** will focus on epidemiological aspects,acute and chronic HEV infection as well as extra-hepatic manifestations,diagnostic approach and treatment ***,the article is concluded with a brief outlook on perspectives and urgent problems to be addressed in the future.

关键词： Hepatitis E Hepatitis E virus(HEV) Ribavirin Transplantation Extra hepatic